lesson 14.4a: the abolition movement today we will identify major leaders of the abolition movement...

Lesson 14.4aLesson 14.4a: : The The Abolition MovementAbolition MovementLesson 14.4aLesson 14.4a: : The The

Abolition MovementAbolition Movement

Today we will identify major leaders of the Today we will identify major leaders of the abolition movement and their viewpoints.abolition movement and their viewpoints.

Today we will identify major leaders of the Today we will identify major leaders of the abolition movement and their viewpoints.abolition movement and their viewpoints.

14.414.4 Essential QuestionEssential Question

In what ways did the In what ways did the spread of democracy spread of democracy lead to calls for lead to calls for freedom for slaves, freedom for slaves, and more rights for and more rights for women?women?

Today’s Vocabulary

• identify – point out or describe

• major – big or important

• abolition movement – organized effort to end slavery

• viewpoint – how someone sees or thinks about something

Before the early 1830s, slavery was discussed calmly.

Since slavery was banned in the North, most of the

early abolitionists

were southerners.

The first abolitionists were Quakers, who

believed that all people had the same

`spark of divinity,' making slavery

immoral.

Quakers were among the first to free their slaves. Some Quakers traveled the countryside urging

slave-owners to free their slaves.

In the 1820s, Benjamin Lundy also urged

southerners to free their slaves, and for the nation to help free

blacks move to Haiti, Canada or Texas (which was still part of Mexico).

Lundy tried to use persuasion on slave-owners rather than

attacks and condemnation.

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Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

How did Benjamin Lundy work to end slavery?

A. Published an antislavery newspaper

B. Introduced an Constitutional amendment to abolish slavery

C. Supported the colonization movement

D. Published a collection of newspaper articles detailing the horrors of slavery

E. Tried to persuade slave-owners to free their slaves voluntarily

What did the abolitionist efforts of Quakers and Benjamin Lundy

have in common?

A. Both published antislavery newspapers.

B. Both helped runaway slaves escape to the North.

C. Both tried to persuade slave owners rather than use violence or insults.

D. Both spoke out publicly in speeches against slavery.

Benjamin Banneker was a free black

born in Maryland.

• A mathematician and astronomer, he published an almanac that rivaled Franklin's for accuracy.

• John Adams cited Banneker's achievements as proof that intelligence is not a factor of skin color.

Later in life, Banneker

surveyed the District of

Colombia and contributed to the

design of the capital city.

He corresponded with Washington, Jefferson and others about the evils of slavery.

But because of the increasing profitability But because of the increasing profitability of cotton production, Banneker and the of cotton production, Banneker and the

Quakers were not able to influence many Quakers were not able to influence many slave-owners.slave-owners.

But because of the increasing profitability But because of the increasing profitability of cotton production, Banneker and the of cotton production, Banneker and the

Quakers were not able to influence many Quakers were not able to influence many slave-owners.slave-owners.

How did Benjamin Banneker work to end slavery?

A. Published an antislavery newspaperB. Introduced an Constitutional amendment

to abolish slaveryC. His accomplishments proved that blacks

were not inferior to whitesD. Published a collection of newspaper

articles detailing the horrors of slaveryE. Wrote Washington and Jefferson about

the evils of slavery

Write down the letter of every true response to this question!

In the 1820s, a large anti-slavery movement emerged, supported by southerners and

represented by organizations such as the American Colonization Society.

While those who believed in

colonization opposed slavery, they also believed

that blacks and whites could not live together in

harmony.

Therefore, while they urged slave-owners to free their slaves, they also raised money to pay for the

transportation of free blacks to West Africa.

President James Monroe, Chief Justice John Marshall and House Speaker Henry Clay were supporters of the

colonization movement.

For a time, even Southern slave-For a time, even Southern slave-owners who rejected abolition often owners who rejected abolition often

supported colonization of free blacks.supported colonization of free blacks.

For a time, even Southern slave-For a time, even Southern slave-owners who rejected abolition often owners who rejected abolition often

supported colonization of free blacks.supported colonization of free blacks.

By 1860, nearly 11,000 blacks had gone to

Liberia in West Africa, and helped found and

build that country.

But most blacks refused But most blacks refused colonization, insisting that colonization, insisting that the U. S. was their home.the U. S. was their home.

But most blacks refused But most blacks refused colonization, insisting that colonization, insisting that the U. S. was their home.the U. S. was their home.

How did those who supported colonization work against slavery?

A. Helped runaway slaves escape to freedom.

B. Tried to demonstrate how blacks and whites could live side by side

C. Tried to find highly intelligent African Americans to show that blacks were not inferior to whites

D. Raised money to send freed slaves back to Africa

William Lloyd Garrison was one of the most uncompromising

abolitionists of his day.

• He said slave-owners were evil and should not receive reimburse-ment for slaves freed by legislation.

• Abolition must be complete, immediate, and without compensation.

Garrison didn't care what other social or economic problems might be caused by

immediate emancipation.

• His words were so extreme and so harsh that he alienated many people who might otherwise have supported his cause.

In the South, Garrison was despised as one who encouraged slaves to revolt.

In the South, Garrison was despised as one who encouraged slaves to revolt.

Copies of his antislavery

newspaper “The Liberator” were

banned, and a $5,000 reward was offered to

anyone who would capture Garrison and bring him to Georgia

to stand trial.

“I am aware that many object to the severity of my language; but is there not cause for severity? I

will be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising as justice. On this subject I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. . . I will not

equivocate – I will not excuse – I will not retreat a single inch – and I WILL BE HEARD!”

-- William Lloyd Garrison

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1. How did William Lloyd Garrison work to end slavery?





E. Wrote Washington and Jefferson to urge their support for abolition

Elijah P. Lovejoy was a

Presbyterian minister and editor of the

Observer, and his editorials

criticized slavery in very hostile

words.

• An angry mob broke into his printing office in 1837.

• They dumped his printing press into the Mississippi River, burned his office, and murdered him.

How did Elijah P. Lovejoy work to end slavery?





E. Tried to persuade slave-owners to free their slaves voluntarily

He tried to build a large antislavery

movement by appealing to the consciences of

Midwestern farmers and

church groups.

A more successful abolitionist was Theodore Dwight Weld.

Weld especially focused on

southern accounts, in order to counter

southern claims that slave abuse

almost never occurred.

Weld especially focused on

southern accounts, in order to counter

southern claims that slave abuse

almost never occurred.

Weld published a collection of

newspaper articles detailing the horrors of slavery under the

title, “American Slavery As It Is.”

Weld published a collection of

newspaper articles detailing the horrors of slavery under the

title, “American Slavery As It Is.”

Sarah GrimkeSarah GrimkeSarah GrimkeSarah Grimke Angelina GrimkeAngelina GrimkeAngelina GrimkeAngelina Grimke

Weld’s wife Angelina Grimke and her sister Sarah were from a slaveholding family in

South Carolina, but had been converted to abolition by Quakers.

Weld’s wife Angelina Grimke and her sister Sarah were from a slaveholding family in

South Carolina, but had been converted to abolition by Quakers.

Many conventional Americans were shocked by the idea of two women

speaking out publicly on any subject.

How did the Grimke sisters work to end slavery?


B. Supported the ‘gag rule’

C. Opposed the colonization movement


E. Made many public speeches against slavery

Former President John Quincy Adams fought the ‘gag rule’ and supported Weld’s work.

• As a member of the House of Representatives, he read Weld’s antislavery petitions in Congress.

• He introduced a consti-tutional amendment to ban slavery throughout the United States.

Adams also took part in the Amistad case.

• African prisoners aboard the slave ship Amistad had rebelled, and seized the ship.

• Adams successfully argued their case in the U.S. Supreme Court.

• The Africans were granted their freedom and were allowed to return to Africa.

• African prisoners aboard the slave ship Amistad had rebelled, and seized the ship.

• Adams successfully argued their case in the U.S. Supreme Court.

• The Africans were granted their freedom and were allowed to return to Africa.

2. How did John Quincy Adams work against slavery in Congress?

A. Introduced the ‘gag rule’

B. Introduced an amendment to abolish slavery

C. Defended the Amistad defendants


E. Read antislavery petitions in Congress


In the North, free blacks could become involved in the abolition movement.

Some black abolitionists had once been slaves themselves, and could tell of slavery's horrors

based on personal experience.

Henry Highland Garnett and Frederick Douglass were rivals for black abolitionist leadership,

and they demonstrated the divisions within the movement.

Henry Highland

Garnett was the more

militant of the two, and as

early as 1843 was calling

for slaves to rise up

against their owners and

make themselves

free.

Garnett believed that any violence done by slaves in the act of freeing themselves was

justified on the grounds of self defense.

His stated belief was that it was

better to die free than live

as slaves.

Frederick Douglass was the best orator, black

or white, in the movement.

He had escaped slavery as a youth, taught himself to

read and write, and published his

Autobiography in 1845.

• Like William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass published an antislavery newspaper, The North Star.

• He disagreed with Garnett on the role of violence in abolition, but not on the degrad-ations of slavery.

He worked tirelessly with white politicians

and social leaders throughout the 1840s and `50s, and beyond

the Civil War.

Until his death in 1895, Douglass spoke out on

behalf of black equality, the rights of working people, and

for the right of women to vote.

3. What were Frederick Douglass’ contributions to the

abolitionist movement?

A. Published an autobiography about his life as a slave

B. Encouraged slaves to rise up violently against their masters

C. Made many public speeches against slaveryD. Sponsored an antislavery amendment in

Congress E. Published an antislavery newspaper


Black women such as Sojourner Truth and Harriet Tubman also played major roles in

the antislavery movement.

Sojourner Truth had been born a slave, and although

she was illiterate, Truth was a powerful

speaker who sometimes used songs

she had composed in her speeches.

Harriet Tubman was a runaway

slave from Maryland.

She aided the movement by working as a

‘conductor’ on the Underground

Railroad.

Some abolitionists helped slaves escape to freedom along the

Underground Railroad.

Some abolitionists helped slaves escape to freedom along the

Underground Railroad.

• Nether a railroad nor undergroundNether a railroad nor underground

• Informal network of abolitionists who Informal network of abolitionists who hid runaway slaves fleeing to Canadahid runaway slaves fleeing to Canada

• Traveled secretly from house to houseTraveled secretly from house to house

• Aided by ‘Aided by ‘conductorsconductors’ (sympathetic ’ (sympathetic whites and free blacks) along the waywhites and free blacks) along the way

• Nether a railroad nor undergroundNether a railroad nor underground

• Informal network of abolitionists who Informal network of abolitionists who hid runaway slaves fleeing to Canadahid runaway slaves fleeing to Canada

• Traveled secretly from house to houseTraveled secretly from house to house

• Aided by ‘Aided by ‘conductorsconductors’ (sympathetic ’ (sympathetic whites and free blacks) along the waywhites and free blacks) along the way

At the risk of her own freedom and safety, At the risk of her own freedom and safety, Tubman returned to slave states nineteen Tubman returned to slave states nineteen

time to guide other blacks to freedom.time to guide other blacks to freedom.

At the risk of her own freedom and safety, At the risk of her own freedom and safety, Tubman returned to slave states nineteen Tubman returned to slave states nineteen

time to guide other blacks to freedom.time to guide other blacks to freedom.

4. How did Sojourner Truth fight for abolition?

A. Published an autobiography about her life as a slave

B. Worked on the Underground Railroad to help runaway slaves escape to freedom

C. Encouraged slaves to rise up violently against their masters

D. Made many public speeches against slavery

E. Published an antislavery newspaper

5. How did runaway slaves escape to freedom on the Underground Railroad?

A. Worked as laborers on trains until they could escape to a free state

B. Dug tunnels for the railway as they waited for the right moment to escape

C. Moved from house to house at night, working their way north

D. Sneaked onto trains at night as their masters slept and fled to freedom

6. How did Harriet Tubman fight against slavery?

A. Read antislavery petitions in CongressB. Published an autobiography about her

life as a slaveC. Made many public speeches against

slaveryD. Worked on the Underground Railroad

to help runaway slaves escape to freedom

E. Published an antislavery newspaper

Lesson 14.4c: The Women’s Suffrage

Movement

Today we will Today we will identify major identify major leaders of the leaders of the

women’s suffrage women’s suffrage movement.movement.

Vocabulary • suffrage – the right to vote• women’s suffrage movement – organized

efforts to bring the right to vote to women• grievance – a complaint or a wrong to be

righted

Check for Understanding

• What are we going to do today?

• What is suffrage?

• What is another word for a grievance?

• What was the goal of the women’s suffrage movement?

What We Already Know

Women had been very active in the abolition movement for

years.

What We Already KnowWhat We Already KnowWhat We Already KnowWhat We Already Know

Many people in that time Many people in that time considered considered thosethose actions actions

inappropriateinappropriate for women. for women.

Many people in that time Many people in that time considered considered thosethose actions actions

inappropriateinappropriate for women. for women.

Underground Railroad• Created to help runaway slaves

• Above ground series of escape routes from the South to the North

• Runaways traveled by night and hid by day in places called ‘stations’ (stables, attics, cellars)

Harriet Tubman• was a ‘conductor’ who risked her life

leading people to freedom on the

Underground Railroad

• she escaped slavery in 1849

• made 19 dangerous journeys to free

enslaved people

• $40,000 bounty on her head

• “…I never lost a passenger.”

Sojourner Truth and the Grimke sisters had given public speeches

againstagainst slavery.

Grimke Sisters• Grew up on Southern plantation

• Believed slavery morally wrong

• Moved to North & lectured in public against slavery even though women weren’t suppose to lecture in public

• Helped send petitions to Congress

Skilled speakers, writers, and organizers began to emerge.

• Sojourner Truth, famous for her abolitionist speeches, also spoke powerfully on behalf of women’s rights.

• Maria Mitchell was a famous astronomer whose Quaker upbringing taught that men and women were intellectually equal. She helped found the Association for the Advancement of Women in 1873.

Sojourner TruthSojourner Truth• was born a slave…

• Fled in 1827 and lived with Quakers who set her free

• Devout Christian who spoke openly for abolition of slavery

• Drew huge crowds in the North when she spoke

Women abolitionists were not always welcome.

Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were not allowed to speak at the World Anti-

Slavery Convention in London in 1840, and even had to remain seated behind a curtain.

Some men were sympathetic, but most men agreed: women should stay out of

public life.

Anti-Slavery Newspapers

•Frederick Frederick DouglassDouglass

•The North The North StarStar

•William Lloyd

Garrison•“The

Liberator”

Women had few rights in the 1800s.

• Women couldn’t vote, hold public office, or sit on juries.

• In most states, a woman’s property became her husband’s when they married.

• Men who physically abused their wives were rarely prosecuted.

The Seneca Falls Convention• Inspired by their experience

at the World Anti-Slavery Convention, Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized a convention to discuss women’s rights in 1848.

• The women wrote out their complaints in a document modeled on the Declaration of Independence.

The Declaration of Sentiments

• “All men and women are created equal.”

• It compared the treatment of women by men to the way the British king had treated the colonists.

• It contained a list of grievances and resolutions for change

The Declaration of Sentiments

• The women demanded to be given “. . . all the rights and privileges which belong to them as citizens of the United States.”

• The Declaration of Sentiments ended with a call for women’s suffrage.

7. At the Seneca Falls Conven-tion, what did the women demand?

A. A new law outlawing alcohol

B. Equal pay with men for the same jobs

C. All the rights and privileges which belong to them as U.S. citizens

D. An end to slavery

8. What did the Seneca Falls Convention’s “Declaration of

Sentiments” declare to be true?

A. It was God’s manifest destiny that women should have the right to vote.

B. Men and women were created equal by God.

C. It is God’s will that women be given the right to vote.

D. Slavery is a sin in the eyes of God.

The resolution on suffrage was controversial.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and

Frederick Douglass argued that voting rights would give

women the political power they needed to

win other rights.

•After much debate and discussion, the suffrage resolution narrowly passed.

The public was not ready to accept voting rights for women.

Many men — and some women —

believed that women were not suited to vote because they could not

think clearly and independently.


Church leaders taught that women by

nature were believed to be dependent on

men and subordinate to

them.


• Many thought that women's place was in the home, caring for husband and children.

• Entry of women into political life might lead to disruption of the family.

Susan B. Anthony worked in the temperance, abolition and women’s

rights movements.• Anthony was a skilled

organizer who built the women’s movement into a national organization.

• In the 1830s, she began fighting for women’s property rights, as well as equal pay for women.

• In 1849 she began working against the use of alcohol.

In 1851, Anthony met Stanton and they began working together.

• Because Stanton wanted a more radical women's rights platform than just voting rights, the two sometimes disagreed.

• For many years, the two women crossed the nation giving speeches and trying to persuade the government that society should treat men and women equally.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton_and_Susan_B._Anthony.jpg

Anthony would give 64 of her 86 years of life to various social

movements.

• She participated in the founding of several women’s rights organizations until 1900, when she retired.

• Her work led to her commemoration on a $1 coin from 1979 to 1999.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Anthony_dollar_coin.jpg

9. What were Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s contributions to the women’s rights movement?

A. She spoke out in favor of women’s rights at the World Anti-Slavery Convention.

B. She helped the American public come to accept voting rights for women.

C. She helped organize the Seneca Falls Convention on women’s rights.

D. She helped win passage of the resolution on women’s suffrage in the Declaration of Sentiments.

•Write down the letter of every true response to this question!

10. How did Susan B. Anthony work for women’s rights?

A. She spoke out in favor of women’s rights at the World Anti-Slavery Convention.

B. She built the women’s movement into a national organization.

C. She helped organize the Seneca Falls Convention on women’s rights.

D. She fought for women’s property rights, as well as equal pay for women.

•Write down the letter of every true response to this question!

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