Homestake DUSEL

Homestake DUSELHomestake DUSELKevin T. LeskoKevin T. Lesko

UC BerkeleyUC Berkeley

29 October 200829 October 2008

Homestake DUSEL

• Overview of DUSEL and its Science• NSF Process for Establishing DUSEL

– Scope– Timetable

• Connectionsbetween DUSELand FutureAccelerator-basedEfforts

• Summary

Outline of the PresentationOutline of the Presentation

Homestake DUSEL

Science Drivers for Homestake DUSELScience Drivers for Homestake DUSEL• The Motivations for DUSEL are predominately Physics

• Neutrinos• Dark Matter Searches• Fundamental Nuclear & High Energy Physics Research

• Motivations from Other Fields and Disciplines• Biology• Geology & Geophysics• Geology and Engineering

• Education and Public Outreach• Strong links between Engineering and Physics Programs• Synergisms and connections betw Geo, Bio, and Physics

Homestake DUSEL

DUSEL has been extensively addressed by the ScientificCommunities, Agencies, National Academies:

• Bahcall Committee Report 2001

• Nuclear Physics Long Range Plan 2002

• Connecting Quarks to the Cosmos

• HEPAP Long Range Plan 2003

• Neutrinos and Beyond

• EarthLab

• Physics of the Universe

• The Neutrino Matrix

• Earth Scope

• Discovering the Quantum Universe

• Deep Science

• Nuclear Physics Long Range Plan 2007

• 2008 P5 Report

Why Underground Science?Why Underground Science?

DEEPSCIENCEA DEEP UNDERGROUND SCIENCE AND

ENGINEERING INITIATIVE

Homestake DUSEL

The P5 report intimately links DUSEL to thefuture of the U.S. High Energy Physics, including verysignificant participation by the Department of Energylaboratories and university groups including,importantly, the Fermi National AcceleratorLaboratory. More critically, this report introduces theattractive prospect of significant new scope to DUSELon an accelerated time scale. On this faster timescalethe DUSEL facility is requested to support theexcavation of large cavities exceeding the currentstate-of-the-art and the instrumentation of 100kt scaledetectors, approximately five times the capacity oflargest existing water Cherenkov detector, Super-K.

P5: Other Agencies, Users, ...P5: Other Agencies, Users, ...

Homestake DUSEL

Progress in Preparing the MREFCProgress in Preparing the MREFC• DUSEL Three-Step Process

– S-1: Assess the Science -- Deep Science– S-2: Produce Site-specific Conceptual Designs– S-3: Select a site -- Homestake

• $15M - 3 year planning grant with UCB, funded• DUSEL Proposal

– Recommendation to Advance to Readiness• Producing Preliminary Design for the Facility• Define & Integrate Initial Suite of Experiments

– Construction estimated at ~$500M - $600M– 6 - 8 year construction phase

Homestake DUSEL

DUSEL Near-term Goals: Preliminary DesignDUSEL Near-term Goals: Preliminary Design

• Site Selection 2007• S-3 $15M funding over 2008 - 2010 (Facility Design)

– Geotechnical Report 2009– Excavation Plan 2009– Infrastructure Report 2009– Laboratory Expt’l Requirements Report 2009– EH&S Integrated Safety Management Plan 2009

• Preliminary Facility Baseline Report FY09• S-4 $15M funding over 2009 - 2011 (Experiments)• Proposal Integrated with Experiments in FY10• Review by National Science Board Spring 2011• OMB Negotiations & Submission to Congress• NSF Review and Earliest Funding in FY13

Homestake DUSEL

Homestake DUSEL

CD 0 CD 1 CD 2 CD 3 CD 4Approvemission need

Approve alternateselection and cost range

Approve performancebaseline

Approveconstruction start

Approveoperations start

Homestake DUSEL

The Next Round of NSF SolicitationsThe Next Round of NSF Solicitations

• S-4: Develop Superset of Experiments– Provide $15M over 3 years to develop

experimental plans (preliminary designs)– Proposals due 9 Jan 2009– Open to all disciplines (but aimed at Physics)

• S-5: Select Initial Suite of Experiments– S-4 is neither necessary nor sufficient– There are additional “on ramps” for experiments

other than NSF “S-x” solicitations: DOE, privateetc.

Homestake DUSEL

Homestake DUSEL

Homestake DUSEL

DUSEL Experiment DevelopmentDUSEL Experiment DevelopmentCommittee (DEDC)Committee (DEDC)• Steve Elliott (LANL)• Derek Elsworth (PSU), Chair• Daniela Leitner (LBNL)• Larry Murdoch (Clemson)• T.C. Onstott (Princeton)• Hank Sobel (UCI)

Purpose is to promote, assist, and aide inthe development of the Scientific Programat DUSEL, Coordinate with Facility Team.Actively working with collaborations on S-4.

Homestake DUSEL

Homestake DUSEL

South Dakota Efforts and PartnershipSouth Dakota Efforts and Partnership

• Major Support from the State of South Dakota– $45M from State (HUD grant and General Fund)– $70M from Philanthropic Donation (T. Denny Sanford)– Owns the Property (Donation from Barrick)

• Partnership to “achieve DUSEL”• Re-entry work:

– Rehabilitation of Surface and U/G Infrastructure• Lifts & Shafts• Pumps• Facility Stabilization and Rehabilitation• Initial Science Program

• Rock Disposal Sites - Agreement in Principal withBarrick to use the “Open Cut”, alternative sites ID’ed

Homestake DUSEL

Dewatering Homestake:Dewatering Homestake:Current Water LevelsCurrent Water Levels

Re-entry Efforts, begun July ‘07

• ventilation reestablished

• Ross Shaft hoists rehabbed

• Inspected levels and Rossshaft down to ~ 4600

• water down below the 4600

• 4850L access by Spring 2009

Homestake DUSEL

OpenCut

Ross Complex

Waste Water Treatment

Yates Complex

Kirk Canyon Adit

Town of Lead

Homestake DUSEL

OpenCut

Ross Complex

Waste Water Treatment

~ 1km

Yates Complex

Kirk Canyon Adit

Town of Lead

Homestake DUSEL

OpenCut

Ross Complex

Waste Water Treatment

~ 1km

Yates Complex

Kirk Canyon Adit

Town of Lead

Homestake DUSEL

RossYates #5 Shaft

#6 Winze

#4 Shaft

Major Campu

300L - E&O R&D

2000L ES

3800L ES

4850L Physics

7400L Physics

8000L E&O

Current Water Level

Cross Section of Homestake DUSELCross Section of Homestake DUSEL

Homestake DUSEL

Homestake DUSEL

Change Control BoardChange Control Board

• Jointly established between the Sanford Lab(South Dakota resources) and DUSEL (NSFresources) to establish priorities, directionand decisions on Capital ImprovementProjects in advance of DUSEL construction.Improvements totaling ~$28M:– Ventilation, shaft work, pumping, building rehab

(offices), ...– $7.5M for u/g infrastructure for science

Homestake DUSEL

• Ziggy Hladysz, SDSM&T, Chair• Chris Laughton, FNAL• Bill Pariseau, U. Utah• Syd DeVries, LBNL• Steve Glaser, UCB• Joe Wang, LBNL• Herb Wang, U.Wisc.

Prepare RFPs for geotech services and assembleGeotech report, Excavation Plans, Rock disposalPlans for Lab Modules (not large cavities).

Geotechnical Advisory CommitteeGeotechnical Advisory Committee

Homestake DUSEL

Homestake DUSEL

• Evert Hoek, chair• Ed Cording• Derek Martin• John Macdonald

LCB will establish the roadmap for largecavities including geological & geotechnicalstudies, excavation plans, verification plans,... (Exact charge is being developed)

Large Cavity BoardLarge Cavity Board

Homestake DUSEL

• Shared between Sanford Lab and DUSEL• Hank Sobel, UCI chair• Herb Wang, U. Wisc. Co-chair

Advise the Sanford Lab on near term scienceopportunities and deployments.

Advise DUSEL on longer term sciencepriorities and opportunities.

Reports can be found athttp://www.lbl.gov/nsd/homestake

Program Advisory CommitteeProgram Advisory Committee

Homestake DUSEL

Homestake DUSEL

• Richard DiGennaro, LBNL, Project Manager• Steve Marks, Mechanical Engineer• Syd DeVries, Mining Engineer• Dave Plate, Mechanical Engineer/Designer• George Campbell, EH&S Director• Denis Peterson, Project Controls• Dianna Jacobs, Project Controls & Risk

Management• Sarah Morgen, Project Controls• Kelly Cuthbertson, Project Controls

Construction Project EngineeringConstruction Project Engineering

Homestake DUSEL

• Dr. Jose Alonso, Lab Director• Mike Headley, Deputy Lab Director• Todd Seaman, SDSTA, Project Engineer• Greg King, Operations• Susan Von Stein, EH&S• Connie Giroux, EH&S• Steve Mitchell, Mining and Construction• John Marks, Ventilation• Mark Johnston, Mechanical Engineer• Nick Beukema, Mining Engineer• ...Developing Facility Preliminary Design Report

Construction Project EngineeringConstruction Project Engineeringcontinuedcontinued

Homestake DUSEL

3800L GeoLevel

4850L MajorCampus100k ft2

7400L MajorCampus65k ft2

8000L GeoLab

300L R&D,E&O 10k ft2

2000L GeoLevel

Details of the Conceptual Design at www.lbl.gov/nsd/homestake

Major CampusesMajor Campuses

Homestake DUSEL

Underground LaboratoriesUnderground Laboratories

DUSEL ProvidesCritical U/G ResearchSpace (figure does notinclude large cavities)

Homestake DUSEL

Homestake DUSEL

• Steve Marks, Mechanical Engineer• Dave Plate, Mechanical Engineer/DesignerPreparing and Managing Requirements DB

• Bill Roggenthen, SDSM&T, BGEs• Rohit Salve, LBNL, BGEs• Azriel Goldschmidt, LBNL, “other” physics• Richard Kadel, LBNL, Long Baseline NeutrinosServing as an interface between the experiments

and collaborations and the facility

•• Experimental Requirements Experimental Requirements•• Scientific Programs Scientific Programs

Homestake DUSEL

• Long Baseline Neutrinos - high intensity neutrinobeam aimed at Homestake DUSEL

• Nuclear Astrophysics - low energy, high current,very stable accelerator beams of p, α, light ions

DUSEL experimental programsDUSEL experimental programsparticular interest to ICFAparticular interest to ICFA

Homestake DUSEL

Mass Hierarchy

θ13

Exclusion of CPViolation

Physics with 300-kt Water Cherenkov Detector & 2Physics with 300-kt Water Cherenkov Detector & 2MW Beams @ 120 GeV 3 years each MW Beams @ 120 GeV 3 years each νν + + νν

60x1020 POT each

_

1kt LAr ≈ 3kt H2O

Homestake DUSEL

Mass Hierarchy

θ13

Exclusion of CPViolation

Physics with 300-kt Water Cherenkov Detector & 2Physics with 300-kt Water Cherenkov Detector & 2MW Beams @ 120 GeV 3 years each MW Beams @ 120 GeV 3 years each νν + + νν

60x1020 POT each

Double Chooz 2012

Daya Bay 2013 NOvA 2014

T2K 2012 NOvA 2017

_

1kt LAr ≈ 3kt H2O

Homestake DUSEL

Mass Hierarchy

θ13

Exclusion of CPViolation

Physics with 300-kt Water Cherenkov Detector & 2Physics with 300-kt Water Cherenkov Detector & 2MW Beams @ 120 GeV 3 years each MW Beams @ 120 GeV 3 years each νν + + νν

60x1020 POT each

Double Chooz 2012

Daya Bay 2013 NOvA 2014

T2K 2012 NOvA 2017

100kt LAr DUSEL

_

1kt LAr ≈ 3kt H2O

Homestake DUSEL

Long Baseline Neutrino, NucleonLong Baseline Neutrino, NucleonDecay, and Ancillary ProgramsDecay, and Ancillary Programs

• Long Baseline Neutrinosand Nucleon Decay

• Discovery– Neutrino mass hierarchy– θ13

– CP violation– Nucleon Decay

• Diverse Program– Full MNSP Matrix– Atmospheric and Solar

Neutrinos– Supernovae Neutrinos– Test Exotic Models

• World-class Program

CP Violation

Reach in θ13 Reach in Mass Hierarchy

Homestake DUSEL

Efforts underway to determine andEfforts underway to determine andplan for plan for BeamlineBeamline, Detector and Cavity, Detector and Cavity• Beamline working group at FNAL*

• Detector Collaboration**– Water Cherenkov– LAr

• DUSEL Facility (http://www.lbl.gov/nsd/homestake)– LCB– Geotech Advisory Committee– Experimental Requirements Group– Project Scientists (Goldschmidt & Kadel)

* From Appel’s presentation at UDiG

**https://solid.physics.ucdavis.edu/mailman/listinfo/lbduselUDiG workshop: http://www.bnl.gov/udig

Homestake DUSEL

DUSEL AttributesDUSEL Attributes• DUSEL will be a Critical Facility with Unparalleled Attributes:

– Large, long term excavations to host a variety of experimental programs– Long term access to site (long term response of structures and active processes)– Access to unusual depth for important initiatives in deep science– Broad access to a large volume of rock (scale effects and transparent Earth)

• Facility for World-class Science and Engineering in:– Physics– Biology– Geosciences– Engineering

• Important Societal Impacts:– Construction– Energy and sustainability– Resource recovery and sustainability– Education and Public Outreach– Natural Hazards…..

Homestake DUSEL

• DUSEL is motivated by fundamental science goals• Exceptional State support, $115M efforts underway now• Science is well represented in recent National Academy

Reports, Agency Studies, Scientific Studies and InteragencyReports and most recently P5, including:• Understanding Neutrinos

• Neutrino Oscillations and Oscillation Parameters• Neutrino Properties

• 0νββ, Mass, Hierarchy, CP violation• Searches for Dark Matter• Nucleon Decay• Nuclear Astrophysics

• Multidisciplinary Support & Interest• DUSEL will be without competition or

interference from other interests

SummarySummary

Homestake DUSEL

Backup Slides

Homestake DUSEL

from Mark DierckxsensMilind DiwanMary Bishal

Physics with 100-kt Water Cherenkov Detector &Physics with 100-kt Water Cherenkov Detector &700kW Beams @ 120 GeV 3 years each 700kW Beams @ 120 GeV 3 years each νν + + νν

Mass Hierarchy

θ13

Determination of CPPhase

__

18x1020 POT each1kt LAr ≈ 3kt H2O

Homestake DUSEL

Why is the US creating DUSEL at Homestake?Why is the US creating DUSEL at Homestake?

• Meets and Surpasses all criteria established in Deep Scienceand other studies dealing with underground research

• Physical Characteristics• Depth and a variety of depths

• Rock type

• Pristine Regimes

• Distance from Accelerators

• General Accessibility

• Safety and Site-specific Requirements

• Management

• Risk

Homestake DUSEL

• Local, Statewide and Regional Support

• Phased approach with South Dakota’s Sanford Lab• Initial Scientific Program

• Rehabilitation of Site

• Clear Title and Prerequisites Established

• Independent Finances Obtained

• Management and Operations

• Phased approach

• No competition or interference from other entities

• Education and Outreach Opportunities

Why is the US creating DUSEL at Homestake?Why is the US creating DUSEL at Homestake?

Homestake DUSEL

Education and Public OutreachEducation and Public Outreach• Program rich with opportunities to integrate EPO

throughout DUSEL, many are now underway– General Public & Casual Visitors– K-12– Teachers and Educators– Undergraduate Research Experience– Graduate Research– Cyber Infrastructure and Worldwide Reach– Multidisciplinary Opportunities– Successful Round Table in September 2008

• Virtual DUSEL effort started (Krebsbach at DSU)

Homestake DUSEL

Surface Facilities and 300 Level

300 Level Campus Plan for near-surface, drive-in access

RossShaft

Kirk Road

Experiments and Facilities at 300 Level:• Education and Outreach Classroom and Laboratory• User Support Shops: Assembly, Fabrication & Underground Storage• Research and Development Laboratories• Near-surface Experiments• Low-background Counting and Calibration Facility

Yates Complex Surface Facilities:• Laboratory Administration Building and Training• User Support Services: Clean Room Assembly & Fabrication• R&D Laboratories, User Offices, Meeting Rooms• Education and Outreach: Sanford Center for Science Education• Shipping and Receiving, Storage

Ross Complex Surface Facilities :• Construction Materials and Equipment Staging• Construction Superintendents and Contractor Offices• Maintenance Shops• Shipping and Receiving, Storage• Facility Site Services and Operations

Homestake DUSEL

Initial Suite of Experiments at 7400 Level:• Large Double Beta Decay• Solar Neutrinos• Supernovae Detection• Large Dark Matter

4850 LevelCampus Plan for

PhasedDevelopment

7400 LevelCampus Plan

for PhasedDevelopment

Design andExcavation concept

for multiple 100 kTonchambers for Long

Baseline Experiment

Yates Shaft

Early Implementation Program & Facility Infrastructure Development at 4850L:

• Low-Background Counting Facility• Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay• Dark Matter

Initial Suite ofExperiments at 4850 Level

• Dark Matter• Double Beta Decay• Nuclear Astrophysics• Solar Neutrinos• Geoneutrinos

• Earth Sciences and Geo-microbiology Lab• Common Facilities and Clean Room Transition• Utility Services and Refuge Chamber

Geosciences:Large Block CoupledProcesses Experiments

Ross Shaft

3

1

1

2

2

3

YatesShaft

Ross Shaft

#6 Winze

#6 Winze

Geosciences:Deep Drill Room at8000L

Mid- & Deep-level Experiments

Homestake DUSEL

NucleosynthesisNucleosynthesis

3He(3He,2p)4He3He(α,γ)7BeD(3He,p)4HeD(p, γ)3He7Be(p, γ)8B14N(p, γ)15O12C(α, γ)16O…

• A>60 formation in Supernovae, ν interactions• Sources of neutrons for s-, r- processes• Details of Lower Mass Nucleosynthesis• pp chain• CNO