leptospira
DESCRIPTION
This presentation was created for Micro students!TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Leptospira](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/5550801fb4c9051e5b8b45d5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Leptospira
G.HARIPRASAD M.Sc.,(Med micro),M.phil.,Lecturer in Microbiology Department of Microbiology Thoothukudi Govt. Medical College Thoothukudi
LEPTOSPIRA
![Page 2: Leptospira](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/5550801fb4c9051e5b8b45d5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• Spirochaetes possess numerous closely wound spirals with characteristic hooked ends.
• Actively motile
![Page 3: Leptospira](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/5550801fb4c9051e5b8b45d5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Classification
• Non-pathogen– L.biflexa –found in
waters.
• Human Pathogen- L. interrogans
![Page 4: Leptospira](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/5550801fb4c9051e5b8b45d5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• L.interrogans has 26 serogroups
e.g. - Icterohaemorrhagiae
- Canicola
- Australis
- Hebdomadis
- Andamana
![Page 5: Leptospira](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/5550801fb4c9051e5b8b45d5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Leptospira interrogans-Pathogenicity
Infection with leptospira – Leptospirosis
The primary reservoir is rodents because, once infected, they shed the organisms for life.
ANIMAL RESERVOIR FOR LEPTOSPIRA
![Page 6: Leptospira](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/5550801fb4c9051e5b8b45d5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• Humans gets infection by drinking water contaminated with Leptospira….
• Leptospires can also enter thro’ abraded skin…..
Incubation period – 6-8 days
![Page 7: Leptospira](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/5550801fb4c9051e5b8b45d5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• Leptospires enters blood & multiply for 1 wk • Then disappear from the blood and enters
into the liver, Kidney, spleen and meninges.• Persist mainly in kidney and excreted in
urine in later stages
![Page 8: Leptospira](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/5550801fb4c9051e5b8b45d5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
WEIL’S DISEASE
Severe form of leptospirosis
Fever, conjunctivitis, albuminurea, jaundice and haemorrhage
Implicated group:
L.icterrohaemorrhagiae
![Page 9: Leptospira](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/5550801fb4c9051e5b8b45d5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Clinical symptoms
![Page 10: Leptospira](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/5550801fb4c9051e5b8b45d5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Laboratory diagnosis
Specimens:
1. Blood – in initial stage
2. Urine – in later stage
Blood should be examined during the first week of illness thereafter urine is examined.
![Page 11: Leptospira](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/5550801fb4c9051e5b8b45d5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
DARK-GROUND MICROSCOPY
Gold standard method for detection of spirochetes including Leptospira
![Page 12: Leptospira](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/5550801fb4c9051e5b8b45d5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
FONTANA’S STAIN
![Page 13: Leptospira](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/5550801fb4c9051e5b8b45d5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
CULTURE
• Modified Korthof’s medium
• Fletcher’s semisolid medium
Incubated at 28-320C aerobically
Examined every 3rd day upto 6 weeks before discarding it as negative
![Page 14: Leptospira](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/5550801fb4c9051e5b8b45d5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
ANIMAL INOCULATION
• Intraperitoneal inoculation into young guinea pigs
• On third day, the peritoneal fluid is examined daily by dark ground illumination.
![Page 15: Leptospira](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/5550801fb4c9051e5b8b45d5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
SEROLOGICAL TESTS
• Useful method of diagnosis
• Antibodies begin to appear at the end of first week and continue to rise till the fourth week and then begin to decline.
Two types
• Screening tests
• Serotype specific tests
![Page 16: Leptospira](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/5550801fb4c9051e5b8b45d5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
SCREENING TEST
• Identify genus i.e.Leptospira?????• Using antigen: L.biflexa (non-pathogen)
Test used: Complement-fixation test Haemagglutination test ELISA Agglutination Indirect immunofluorescence
![Page 17: Leptospira](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/5550801fb4c9051e5b8b45d5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Serotype specific tests
• Identify exact serotypes
Microscopic agglutination test
Macroscopic agglutination test
![Page 18: Leptospira](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062405/5550801fb4c9051e5b8b45d5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
TREATMENT:• Penicillin • Tetracycline• Erythromycin
PROPHYLAXIS:
Rodent control
Disinfection of water
Wearing of protective clothes
No vaccines!!!!
Natural immunity develops after infection with corresponding serotype