legume crops in low precipitation areas of the pacific northwest
DESCRIPTION
2009 NACAA Organic Agriculture Super SeminarPresenters: Brian Tuck, Oregon State University; Stephen Machado, Oregon State UniversityTRANSCRIPT
Legume Crops In Low Precipitation Areas of the
Pacific Northwest
Brian Tuck, Oregon State University Stephen Machado, Oregon State University
No-Till, Reduced Till, Organic
Issues
•Winter Precipitation (10-14”) – Dryland SF
•Dry Falls and Hot Dry Springs
•Limited Irrigation
•Few Alternatives – Monoculture
•Wind & Water Erosion
Legume Rotation/Cover Crops
Impact on wheat yields
Moisture use
Nitrogen Fixation
Pest Problems
•Costs
•Crop Value
•Moisture
•Limited Options
Issues
Nebraska farmers. This field is an example of two rows of wheat spaced at 10 inches, leaving 20 inches for the soybean crop.
Intercropping
Examples of IntercroppingREGION INTERCROP
North and North Central US wheat /grasses/ clover
Northwestern region, west of the Cascade Range
oats/red clover.
Southern Oregon wheat/subterranean clover
Willamette Valley in Oregon corn /sorghum for silage
South Dakota corn, soybean, and spring wheat (alternating strips)
Iowa strip-crops oats, corn, and soybean.
Nebraska corn/wheat/soybean
Parma, ID (Brown Bradford) relay cropping barley and corn
Canada corn /soybeans for silage;barley, oats , or triticale are intercropped with clover
Legume MixesLegume Mixes(Yields, N, Soil Health)(Yields, N, Soil Health)
•Winter Peas - mixes, varieties, planting Winter Peas - mixes, varieties, planting rates, removal and grow outrates, removal and grow out
•Yield Increase - 12-33% (consistency)Yield Increase - 12-33% (consistency)
•Clovers, Hairy Vetch, Medic, Lentils…Clovers, Hairy Vetch, Medic, Lentils…
Grain Yields of Winter Wheat Intercropped with Different Legumes,Pendleton, OR. 2007-08
Intercrop
Wh
ea
t g
rain
yie
ld (
bu
/a)
0
20
40
60
80
Grain Yields of Winter Wheat Intercropped with Different Legumes,Moro, OR. 2007-08
Intercrop
Wh
ea
t g
rain
yie
ld (
bu
/a)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
•N Fixation/Transfer
•Soil Microflora
Hairy Vetch
•Adapted
•Winter Hardy
•Purple Bounty
•N Fixation - First Bloom
•Nematode, Disease
•Blends with Wheat
Questions???
Photo by John Aeschliman