legal ethical issues 051710
TRANSCRIPT
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Legal and Ethical Issues inEngineering Design
S. Laguette
ME 153 Spring 2010
May 17, 2010
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Legal and Ethical Issues in
Engineering Design
Why Study Engineering Ethics
Product Liability Defining Engineering Ethics
Moral Dilemmas
Codes of Ethics Solving Ethical Conflicts
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Why Study Engineering Ethics
Engineering and morality is complex
Ethical reasoning may have graveconsequences
Improve our ability to deal with moral
complexity in engineering
Reason more clearly vs. establishing any
particular beliefs
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Why Study Engineering Ethics
Our goal is to establish a moral autonomy
Self-determining Independent
Improve various practical skills
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Why Study Engineering Ethics
Proficiency in recognizing moral problems andissues in engineering
Skills in comprehending, clarifying, and criticallyassessing arguments on opposing sides of moralissues
The ability to form consistent and comprehensive
viewpoints based on consideration of relevant facts Imaginative awareness of alternate responses to the
issues and receptivity to creative solutions forpractical difficulties
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Why Study Engineering Ethics
Increased precision in the use of a common ethical
language
Sensitivity to genuine difficulties and subtleties
An awakened sense of the importance of integrating
ones professional life and personal convictions
Enriched appreciation of rational dialogue and theneed for tolerance of differences
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Why Study Engineering Ethics
Typically Engineering Ethics is addressed by
discussion of case studies or examples
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Why Study Engineering Ethics
Typical ethical situations
would be:
Signing and approving
drawings
Approval of parts
Design activities End product use
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Shunt Siphoning
When the patient is
reclined, the valve is
allowed to react to the IVP
at the inlet due to the
absence of distal catheter
pressure.
When upright, gravity acts
on the fluid filled distal
catheter creating a siphon
effect.
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Delta c hamber: Over drainage protec tion
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Product Liability
Product liability refers to the legal action bywhich an injured party seeks to recoverdamages from personal injury or propertyloss from the producer or seller of product.
In product liability law, the seller is liable fornegligence in the manufacture or sale of anyproduct that may reasonably be expected tobe capable of inflicting substantial harm if it isdefective.
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Product Liability
Negligence in Design is usually based on one ofthree factors:
1. That the manufacturers design has created aconcealed danger.
2. That the manufacturer has failed to provideneeded safety devices as part of the design of the
product.3. That the design called for materials ofinadequate
strength or failed to comply with acceptedstandards.
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Product Liability
The following aspects of the Design Process should be
emphasized to minimize product liability:
1. Strict adherence to industry or government
standards
2. Testing and design modified to remove potential
cause of failure.
3. Emphasis on Quality Engineering.
4. Warn users of any hazards of foreseeable misuses
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Product Liability
5. Documentation of the design, testing and quality
activities
6. Design of warning labels and user instruction
manuals
7. Create a means of incorporating legal developments
into the design decision process
8. Formal design review before the product is released
for Production
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Defining Engineering Ethics
Engineering Ethics is the study of the moral
values, issues, and decisions involved inengineering practice.
What are moral values?
What is morality?
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Moral Dilemmas
Moral reasons are many and varied, and
they frequently come into conflict, creatingmoral dilemmas.
Moral dilemmas are situations in which two
or more moral obligations come into conflict.
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Moral Dilemmas
Steps in Confronting Moral Dilemmas
1. Identify the relevant moral factors and reasons.
2. Gather all available facts
3. Rank the moral considerations
4. Consider alternative courses of action
5. Seek alternative perspectives from colleagues6. Arrive at a carefully reasoned judgment weighing all
relevant moral factors
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Codes of Ethics
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES
Engineers uphold and advance the integrity, honor, anddignity of the Engineering profession by:
1. using their knowledge and skill for theenhancement of human welfare;
2. being honest and impartial, and serving with
fidelity the public, their employers and clients, and3. striving to increase the competence and prestige
of the engineering profession.
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Codes of Ethics
THE FUNDAMENTAL CANONS Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health
and welfare of the public in the performance of theirprofessional duties. Engineers shall perform services only in the areas
of their competence. Engineers shall continue their professional
development throughout their careers and shallprovide opportunities for the professionaldevelopment of those engineers under theirsupervision.
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Codes of Ethics
Engineers shall act in professional matters for eachemployer or client as faithful agents or trustees,
and shall avoid conflicts of interest. Engineers shall build their professional reputations
on the merit of their services and shall not competeunfairly with others.
Engineers shall associate only with reputablepersons or organizations.
Engineers shall issue public statements only in anobjective and truthful manner.
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Solving Ethical Conflicts
You will more than likely face at least one
ethical dilemma over the duration of yourcareer.
How you handle the ethical conflict may
define or significantly impact your career.
Ethical decision making is not easy.
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Solving Ethical Conflicts
Seek to resolve your moral dilemmas
Seek resolution within the organization Seeking resolution outside of your
organization is usually called whistleblowing.
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References
1. Schinzinger, R. and Martin, M. Introduction
to Engineering Ethics. McGraw-Hill, SanFrancisco, 2000
2. Code of Ethics of Engineers from The
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
(ASME)