LEED INDIALeadership in Energy

and Environmental Design-India

INTRODUCTION

Effective in India from 1st Jan 2007

Version of the LEED rating system

administered by IGBC.

Green Building Rating System

• Framework for assessing building performance against set

criteria and

standard points of references

Internationally accepted benchmark for design, construction and

operation of green buildings.

Encourages and accelerates global adoption of sustainable green

building and development practices .

65 LEED certified green buildings in India.

Based on professional reference standards like NBC, ASHRAE, and

ECBC etc.

GREEN BUILDING

Uses less energy, water, natural resources

Generates less waste

Healthier for people living in it

Energy saved= 30-40% per day

Enhanced indoor air quality, light and ventilation

Potable water saving upto 20-30%

High productivity of occupants

Minimum generation of non-degradable waste

Lower operating costs and increase asset value

MAIN ENVIRONMENTAL CATEGORIES:

• Sustainable Architecture and Design

• Site Selection and Planning • Water Conservation • Energy Efficiency • Building Materials and

Resources • Indoor Environmental Quality • Innovation and Development

Prerequisites Required elements or green building strategies that must be included in any LEED certified project

Credits Optional elements, or strategies that projects can elect to pursue to gain points toward LEED certification.

CERTIFICATIONIndependent third party verification that the building project meets highest performance standards.

Benefits of certification – WHY LEED?  lead to the transformation of the built environment  built as designed and perform as expected.  have lower operating costs and increased asset value  healthy and comfortable for their occupants  reduce waste sent to landfills  conserve energy and water   reduce harmful greenhouse gas emissions 

Certification Process

IGBC PROGRAMS Green homes rating Green factory rating Green townships Green SEZs

SPECIFIC PROGRAMS LEED India for New Construction

Design of commercial buildings-hotels, institutions, services

Under the direct control of the owner or developer

LEED India for Core and Shell

Design of core and shell buildings-leased or rented spaces

Not completely under the direct control of the owner or developer

LEED India Green building

LEED Points overview

Important criterions and Point allocation

TOTAL 100

Sr.no:

Criterions Points Points

1 Sustainable Architecture and Design

5

2 Site Selection and Planning 14

3 Water Conservation 18

4 Energy Efficiency 28

5 Building Materials and Resources 16

6 Indoor Environmental Quality 12

7 Innovation and Development 7

SUSTAINABLE SITE

Outlines various “green” opportunities for reducing the negative impact the building has on the environment.

The opportunities range from

Preventing erosion of top soil,

:Preventing water contamination & creation of heat islands,

Effective use of a barren or waste lands etc.

THE BASIC PRINCIPLE TIME and NATURE have changed land

Use what nature has given by working with existing topography, plants and views.

Touch the earth lightly, rather than cutting deep and covering it with concrete.

CREDITS UNDER SUSTAINABLE SITE

Prerequisite : Erosion and Sedimentation control Intent :

Control erosion and sedimentation of soil to reduce negative impact on

A) Water quality

B) Air quality – dust generation

Impacts :

Erosion from construction sites

A) Can carry toxicants & nutrients

B) Polluting storm water run –off

Requirements :

Design to a site sedimentation and erosion control plan that conforms to the best management practices. (Should address both during construction & post occupancy)

Advocates process like temporary or Permanent vegetation, Mulching, earth dikes, silt fencing etc.

Water Efficiency

Water efficiency can be defined as :

the accomplishment of a function, task, process, or result with the minimal amount of water feasible.

An indicator of the relationship between the amount of water required for a particular purpose and the amount of water used or delivered.

Water efficiency differs from water conservation in that it focuses on reducing waste.

The key for efficiency is reducing waste not restricting use.

It also emphasizes the influence consumers can have in water efficiency by making small behavioral changes to reduce water wastage and by choosing more water efficient products.

Examples of water efficient steps include simple measures like, fixing leaking taps.

CREDITS UNDER WATER EFFECIENCY

ENERGY AND ATMOSPHERE LEED recognizes the importance of optimizing energy

performance by allocating the greatest number of potential points within this category to formulate a sustainable design

In general points can be earned through:

efficient design,

use of renewable energy,

deliberate mechanical and electrical system selection

proper commissioning and monitoring of devices

CREDITS UNDER ENERGY AND ATMOSPHERE

MATERIAL AND RESOURCES 40% of the carbon dioxide that contributes to our warming planet

comes from buildings.

Some of it is a secondary effect of operational needs such as electricity, a/c, and heating, many ghg’s arise from resource extraction, manufacturing and production of the building materials themselves.

Choosing ingredients wisely makes all the difference in terms of the overall impact of the building throughout its life. -‘Environmental footprint’ or ‘life cycle assessment’

The materials are in the picture from the first round of planning to the final stages of demolition or renovation of a building or product.

Credit: Resource Reuse Intent :

Reuse building materials and products in order to reduce demand for virgin material and reduce waste, thereby reducing impacts associated with the extraction and processing of virgin resources.

Requirements :

Use salvaged or refurbished materials for 5-10% of building materials (by value)

Methods suggested like, reuse of partition panels,broken tiles,Used carpets.(Note : Movable furniture like chairs are not accounted for calculation)

Credit: Recycled content Intent :

Increase demand for building products that incorporated recycled content materials, therefore reducing impacts resulting from extraction and processing of new virgin materials

Requirements :

Use materials with recycled content such that the sum of post –consumer recycled content plus one-half of the post-industrial constitutes at least 5% of the total value of the materials in the project.

The value of the recycled content portion of a material or furnishing shall be determined by dividing the weight of recycled content in the item by the total weight of all material in the item, then multiplying the resulting percentage by the total value of the item.

Credit : Innovation and Development

Credit local/ regional Materials

Intent : Increase demand for building materials and products that are

extracted and manufactured within the region, thereby supporting the regional economy and reducing environmental impact resulting from transportation

Requirements : Use a minimum of 20 %( extra points for going up to to 50 %) of

building materials and products that are manufactured regionally within a radius of 800 kms (manufacturing refers to the final assembly of components)

Credit : Rapidly Renewable Material

Intent : Reduce the use and depletion of finite raw and long cycle

renewable materials by replacing them with rapidly renewable materials

Requirements: Use rapidly renewable building materials and products (made

from plants that are typically harvested within a ten-year cycle or shorter)

for 5% of the total value of all building materials and products used in the project.

Consider use of materials such as bamboo, wool, cotton insulation, agrifiber, linoleum, wheat board, strawboard and cork.

Indoor Environmental Quality Green building means considering environmental impact of

materials and construction, along with the physical and psychological health of the occupants.

Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) addresses the subtle issues that influence, how we feel in a space.

It is a fundamental human right to live and work in spaces with healthy indoor environments.

INDOOR ENVIRONMENT QUALITY

Credit : Low Emitting Materials Intent :

Reduce the quantity of indoor air contaminants that are odorous or potentially irritating and harmful to the comfort and well being of installer and building occupants.

Requirements :

All adhesives and sealants used on the interior of the building shall comply with the requirements of the reference standard.

VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) content of adhesive and sealants to be monitored.

Carpet systems must meet the requirements of the carpet and rug institute Green label indoor Air quality test program

Composite wood and agrifiber products used on the interior of the building must contain no added urea – formaldehyde resins

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO LEED Green Design Strategy

Green Process for manufacturing

Product Carbon Footprint tracking

LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT

Furniture in getting credits

GREEN DESIGN STRATEGY

Optimized utilization of raw material to conserve natural resources

Maximize recycled content

Reduction in product volume to reduce transportation cost

Use of rapidly renewable wood & wood substitutes (planted & replenished in less than 15 years cycle) to reduce impact on eco system.

Modular products make various options with the use of minimum basic standard components

Possibility of refurbishing for reuse (Ease of servicing – assembly and disassembly )

Design for durability – adherence to performance standards to enhance product life.

GREEN PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING

Confirming to ISO 14001

Energy conservation

Use of natural lighting in the plant

30 % increase in production over last year with the same consumption of electric energy

Converted to CNG for all high fuel consuming processes

Recycling of water with reverse osmosis plant

Effective utilization of in-process waste water, after effluent treatment is used for watering gardens

Influencing our vendors to follow green processes

Sale of hazardous waste only to ‘Pollution Control Board’ authorized parties

96% usage of powder in powder coating process leads to minimal wastage

Hidden components are coated with left over powder mix

CARBON FOOTPRINT TRACKING A product’s life cycle consists of the activities that go into making, transporting, using and disposing of that product

FURNITURE IN GETTING CREDITS Provision of energy efficient task lights, can help in reducing the overall lighting load of the project.

Use of easily recyclable material (like corrugated cardboard, expanded polystyrene) packing which can reduce landfill disposal.

Manufacture products with longer life cycle, so that can be used in many sites. Tile – frame construction making it easy for reconfiguration and reuse

Identifying components which could be made from recycled materials like, recycled plastics, worktop made of baggage boards etc.

Task lighting feature can ensure better control and proper optimization of electricity Used for lighting

Can explore the option of using boards made of bamboo, fabrics made of agricultural waste etc.

Working towards usage of material which confirm to VOC level

usage of transparent material and low ht partitions allowing daylight and outside view to the building occupants.

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT

EXAMPLE: Spacio open plan office system

80 % steel for the paneling compared to conventional wood based partition

Fabrics : 100% Cotton or PP based without any blend

100 % use of reconstituted wood: (PPB or MDF) for work surfaces

Number of parts reduced to minimum

Easy to disassemble reconfigure and refurbish for reuse

Paper based packing material: 100 % Recyclable

EXAMPLES OF LEED BUILDINGS IN INDIA

Platinum rated : CII –Godrej GBC ,Hyderabad

ITC Green Center, Gurgaon

Wipro Technologies, Gurgaon

Gold Rated : IGP Office, Gulbarga

NEG Micon, Chennai

Grundfos Pumps, Chennai

Silver Rated : L&T EDRC , Chennai

CII –Godrej GBC ,Hyderabad

ITC Green Center, Gurgaon

Suzlon Energy Limited

Wipro Technologies, Gurgaon

Anna Centenary Library Building, Chennai

American Embassy School, Delhi

NEG Micon, Chennai

IGP Office, Gulbarga

L&T EDRC , Chennai Rajiv Gandhi

International Airport – Hyderabad

CASE STUDYCII SOHRABJI GODREJ BUILDING

It remains fairly warm most of the year.

Receive less rainfall in the monsoon.

Temperatures come down in the months of December and January and the nights become quite cool in and around the Hyderabad city.

During the summer months, the mercury goes as high as 42° C while in winters the minimum temperature may come down to as low as 12° C.

Climate

Temperature

Relative Humidity

Humidity in the morning is very high exceeding 80 per cent from July to September. In the dry months of March, April and May, humidity is generally low with an average of 25 to 30 per cent and decreases to 20 per cent at individual stations.

During the summer months, temperature goes as high as 42° C while in winters the minimum temperature may come down to as low as 12° C.

Green Architecture

Economical

Energy-saving

Environmentally-friendly

Sustainable development.

Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre in Hyderabad. It’s a commercial building which consists of office buildings, research labs and conference rooms

Water EfficiencySustainable SiteEnergy EfficiencyMaterials & ResourcesIndoor Environmental Quality

Wind Towers

Solar PV

Water BodyRoof garden

GREEN BUSINESS CENTER

Formation of positive and negative pressure zones when wind flows around rectangular and circular bodies.

The pressure coefficient cp can be used with the wind velocity to calculate positive and negative pressure loads.

Green Building Tour Central courtyard.

Roof garden - Protects heat penetration, cuts

down heat-island effect

High performance glazing to bring in natural

light while minimizing heat ingress.

Usage of light glazing and vision glazing.

Jali (Perforated) wall for bringing in natural light as well as ventilation .

Energy saving system.

CourtyardsThe courtyards act as "light wells," illuminating adjacent work areas. When this light is not sufficient, sensors trigger the deployment of efficient electric lights. Dimmers automatically control the illumination levels, turning the lights off when they're unnecessary. Also, occupancy sensors prevent a light from being switched on at an unoccupied workstation.

Roof Garden Absorbing heat and radiating it into the building. This is minimized through the roof gardens covering 55% of the roof area.

Rain water harvesting.

Seepage into the ground have been installed inpedestrian areas and parking.

Heat absorbed

Rain water absorbed used for different purposes

Rain water

Water filter

Slope given for the water flow

Outlet for water collection

Natural Lighting

Natural light deflection systemscan direct light deep into the room and ensure better natural lighting provisions.

This material will most significantly reduce penetration of radiation from the reflecting side to the non-reflecting side (penetration of 11-37% of total striking radiation).

Such glazing is used in this building where it is desir able to maintain eye contact with the outside as well as to prevent penetration of radiation and in areas where it is hot most days of the year.

Reflective glass (mirror)

Usage of Light Glazing and Vision Glazing

The double glazed glass will just allow the diffused sunlight to pass through and will radiate the solar radiation back. It is located in the western direction because the suns rays is highly radiant when it is setting.

This consists of two sheets of glass with space in between, sometimes filled with air or other gases, or vacuum.

Variations in thickness have a certain effect, up to a certain limit, on the percentage of radiation allowed to penetrate and on thermal conductance of the composition.

The main advantage of this type of cross-section is its ability to reduce heat transfer from one pane to the other, both by conduction and by radiation.

Double glazed glass

Use of Traditional JalliJallis or Lattice walls are used to prevent glare and heat gain while ensuring adequate day lighting and views. The jalli, used in many historic buildings such as the Taj Mahal, gives definition and an aesthetic appeal to a space. Jalli [Perforated] for bringing in Natural Light

and also Ventilation

Function of Jali in the rains.

Section through the jali

Rain water seeps in the openings.

Water utilized for the plants inside.

Harvesting of solar energy - 20% of the buildingsenergy requirement is catered to by solarphotovoltaicThe Solar PV has an installed capacity of 23.5 KWAverage generation is 100-125 units per day

Solar system

Solar Photovoltaic

The solar panels are placed on the eastern side and they are sloping which helps production of energy throughout the day and as it is a commercial building more amount of energy is consumed during the working hours [day] compared to the evenings.

sunrays

Solar panel

Wind SystemWind tower with evaporative cooling

A combination of sensible cooling in the ground and evaporative cooling with the flow of air induced by the wind tower can be achieved by a configuration as shown. The heat loss from air results in a decreased air temperature, but no change in the water vapour content of the air.

The hot ambient air enters the tower through the openings in the tower and is cooled, when it comes in contact with the cool tower and thus becomes heavier and sinks down. When an inlet is provided to the rooms with an outlet on the other side, there is a draft of cool air. After a whole of heat exchange, the wind towers become warm in the evening.

Daytime and night time operation of a Wind Tower

During night the reverse happens; due to warm surface of wind tower and drop in temperature of ambient air due to buoyancy effect, warm air rises upwards. As a result, cooler ambient air is sucked into the room through the window. As a bye-product of this process, wind tower loses the heat that was collected during the day time and it becomes ready for use in cold condition up to the morning.

Wind tower design with openings on all four sides Wind tower design with evaporatively cooled system

Due to the unpredictable wind direction, opening on all four sides are provided with an additional affect due to wind pressure. The rate of heat transfer mainly depends on surface area with which, the air comes in contact. Here the surface area is increased by having vertical conduits, which gives less resistance to air flow. Further, the effectiveness is increased by having sprinklers to promote the evaporative cooling

Wind Deflectors

Interior partitions are provided in the building for various purposes of privacy, which may not allow openings in the partition. In this region, due to the warm and humid climate ventilation becomes very essential, cross – ventilation becomes the major solution. This can be overcome by providing ridge ventilation or ventilating ducts or shafts for deeper rooms.

The effect of positioning the apertures at various heights above the floor influences the efficiency of the natural ventilation in a given space.

Inlet higher than outlet. Good interaction of air layers. Current at body level. Pocket of warm , still air over the outlet.

Inlet and outlet are high. Airflow only near ceiling. No air current at body level. Good for removing hot air for warm season. Layers of still air at low levels.

Root Way Water treatment facility – Natural Way of treating the black and grey water.

Zero water discharge buildingSystem35% reduction in potable water useLow flow water fixturesWaterless urinalsUse of storm water & recycled water for irrigation.Entire waste water in the building is treated biologically through a process called the 'Root Zone Treatment

Water system  Collect rainwater for external use i.e. garden/washing car.

Use water conserving appliances including toilets, shower, taps, washing machine and dish washer e.g.. Low flow faucets, water saving dual flush tanks

Reduce irrigation and surface water run-off .

Rain water

Water filter

Slope given for the water flow

Outlet for water collection

Inlet for water

•A large amount of energy — and pollution — was also reduced through choices in the production and transportation of building materials.

•An impressive 77 percent of the building materials use recycled content in the form of fly ash, broken glass, broken tiles, recycled paper, recycled aluminum, cinder from industrial furnaces, bagasse (an agricultural waste from sugar cane), mineral fibers, cellulose fibers, and quarry dust.

•The building reuses a significant amount of material salvaged from other construction sites like toilet doors, interlocking pavement blocks, stone slabs, scrap steel, scrap glazed tiles, shuttering material and, interestingly, the furniture in the cafeteria. A waste management plan ensured that 96 percent of construction waste was recycled.

Sustainable Materials

Principles followed

Select materials using recycled components . Design for re-use and recycling. Control and reduce waste and packaging.  Reduce resource consumption.

Waste Reduction

Meet the basic physical, emotional and spiritual needs of the occupants

Consider healthy lighting, color and sound, controlled temperature and humidity and good indoor air quality to enhance the living environment

Reduce formaldehyde emissions and use pollution fighting indoor plants

Apply an integrated wiring system for lighting, power, security, fire alarm and audio facilities.

Design a safe and user-friendly space.

Health and Wellbeing

Energy Efficiency

Design-Orientation for maximum day light.

Avoiding Green wall and Green roof.

Use of neutral glass to reduce heat gain.

Usage of energy efficient white goods.

Use of Zero CFG refrigerators in refrigerators and air-condition.

Online monitoring system to monitor the energy performance.

Establishing baseline data for energy consumption.

Use of eco friendly electric car for transport and traveling

within the premiseshelping in preventing

pollution.

AchievementsThe building boasts of lighting energy savings of 88 percent compared to an electrically lit building of the same size.

Vegetation that was lost to the built area was replaced by gardens on 55 percent of the roof area.

The building achieves a 35 percent reduction of municipally supplied potable water, in part through the use of low-flush toilets and waterless urinals.

Thirty percent of users have shifted to alternative modes of transportation: carpools, bicycles, and cars that run on liquefied petroleum gas, a low-polluting alternative to conventional gasoline and diesel.

95 percent of the raw material was extracted or harvested locally.

An impressive 77 percent of the building materials use recycled content.

A waste management plan ensured that 96 percent of construction waste was recycled.

Case Study:

ITC GREEN CENTRE

Location:Sector 33, Gurgaon, India.

Climate:Humid, subtropical climate

a LEED PLATINUM certified building with 56 points

At 170,000 sq feet, ITC Green Centre is the world’s largest 0% water discharge, noncommercial Green building, and compared to similar buildings, ITC Green Centre has a 30% smaller carbon footprint with the use of sensible technologies.

One of the strongest aspects of ITC Green Centre is its design. All systems are integrated in a way so that they can function as naturally as possible.

DESIGN

The L-shaped plan of the building serves more than one function in more than one area of the immediate environment.

The central atrium allows a column of glare-freenatural light to form in the heart of the building, thereby reducing the use of artificial light

It also ensures that one part of the façade is always in the shade, preventing too much heat from entering the structure.

The cooling effect is supported moreover by the discreet bodies of water placed in front of the building

The atrium also connects the various parts of the building to each other, both horizontally and vertically,it encourages interaction between the various parts, and more, it promotes a sense of community.

WATER EFFICIENCY

Harvest 100% of the rain that falls on the building, and recycle 100% of all the water used in the building including waste water.

Use of waterless urinals in the building. The urinals use biological blocks containing particular bacteria that reduce odour problems and blockages in the urinals that saves 3 lakhs litres of water per annum.

Annually, storm water pits recharged ground water by around 5500 kilolitres, and sewage treatment plant recycled 6900 kilolitres of water in total, limiting costs but more importantly water use tremendously.

Interlocking tiles placed across the landscape of the building to harvestrain water through the grass that grows between the tiles while ensuring 0%surface run-off.

ENERGY AND ATMOSPHERE The high albedo roof coating reduces the amount of heat

absorbed by reflecting over 90% of visible and infra red radiations away from the building. reduces the roof surface temperature by 30 degrees.

250mm thickness of the building’s walls, the double glazed windows and high performance glass reduce the amount of solar heat entering the building by more than 65%.

A commercial building the size of ITC Green Centre usually consumes about 620,000 kilowatts per hour per annum, whereas ITC use 130,000 kilowatts per hour per annum.

With a consumption of 11.4lakhs kilowatts per hour against an estimated 2.33 lakhs kilowatts per hour ITC saved 51% of their total budget: 81% on lighting, 40% on Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) and 40% on hot water annually.

MATERIALS AND RESOURCE

Over 40% of the materials used in the construction of ITC Green Centre was available within 800 kilometres of the building site, which is not only cost effective but also offers the chance of easy renewal

More than 10% of materials used to make work-stations, cabinets, conference tables, wall panels and door frames was refurbished or salvaged from other building sites.

Over 10% of our construction material, such as glass, ceramic tiles, steel and aluminium, used in the building are recycled.

There are storage bins on every floor of ITC Green Centre for recyclable materials like paper, cardboard, glass, plastic and metals, affirming commitment to ‘reduce, reuse and recycle’ and making it a point of everyday practice.

CONCLUSION

ITC is the world’s largest ‘Water Positive’ corporation. The amount of rainwater harvest regularly exceeds the total amount of water consumed by the company’s units.

The ‘zero discharge’ objective helps reduce fresh water intake.

It minimises energy consumption, brings down indirect CO2 emissions and eliminates effluent pollution.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

www.igbc.inwww.climatechange.thinkabout.eduwww.hydro.mb.ca www.Wikipedia.comwww.igbc.in

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