ledpidoptera butterflies, moths, and skippers. ledpidoptera lepis: scales ptera: wings complete...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: LEDPIDOPTERA Butterflies, moths, and skippers. LEDPIDOPTERA Lepis: scales Ptera: wings Complete Larva: chewing 2 pair Covered with scales (powdery) Butterfly:](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ee15503460f94bf1c7f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
LEDPIDOPTERAButterflies, moths, and skippers
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LEDPIDOPTERA
Lepis: scales
Ptera: wings
Complete
Larva: chewing
2 pair• Covered with scales (powdery)• Butterfly: hold wings vertically• Moth: flat, roof-like, or curled around body
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LEDPIDOPTERA
Bacillus thurengiensis (Bt)
Butterfly is diurnal (day)
• Pupa referred to as chrysalis
Moth is nocturnal (nocturnal)
• Pupa in silken cocoon or leaf litter
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BAGWORM
• Larva-in-a-bag• Bag is silk and foliage/debris
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BAGWORM
• Adults do not feed
• Female: wingless, grublike; never leaves bag
• Lays eggs in bag then dies (1000 eggs/bag)
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BAGWORM
• Male: small, brown clear wing moth• Mates, dies
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BAGWORM
HOST
• Mostly conifers (junipers and arborvitae)
• Some deciduous
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BAGWORM
DAMAGE
• Skeletonizer of foliage
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BAGWORM
MONITOR
• Visual inspection for bags in June
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BAGWORM
CONTROL• Handpick and
destroy• Parasitic wasp
provide control, often after damage done
• Pheromone used to disrupt mating
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AZALEA CATERPILLAR
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AZALEA CATERPILLAR
HOST
• Azaleas
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AZALEA CATERPILLAR
DAMAGE
• Defoliate branch
• Feed in large groups at end of branches in late summer
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AZALEA CATERPILLAR
MONITOR
• Visually inspect in late July
• Tend to repeat on same hosts
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AZALEA CATERPILLAR
CONTROL
• Prune or handpick
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WEBWORMS
• Fall webworm: web at end of branches in July to fall
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WEBWORMS
• Tent caterpillar: web in crotches in spring
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WEBWORMS
• Mimosa webworm: upstate on mimosa and honeylocust
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Spiders
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WEBWORMS
HOSTS
• Just about anything woody
• Prunus species, pecans especially
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WEBWORMS
DAMAGE
• Defoliates branches
• Mainly visual
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WEBWORMS
MONITORING
• Visually inspect plants
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WEBWORMS
CONTROL
• Pruning or remove nest
• Difficult to penetrate nest for other control
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GYPSY MOTH
• Dark larva with red dots
• Adult: white female with inverted V
• Introduced from Europe in 1887– Escaped from silkworm research
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GYPSY MOTH
HOST
• Most serious pest of NE deciduous plants
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GYPSY MOTH
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GYPSY MOTH
DAMAGE
• Complete defoliation by larva
• Feed at night, crawl down to hide in bark and litter
• Weakens host… susceptible to other pests
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GYPSY MOTH
MONITORING
• Burlap wrap of trunk to count larvae
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GYPSY MOTH
MONITORING
• Pheromone traps
• Egg mass counts in winter
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N-3-hIj-6cs
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GYPSY MOTH
CONTROL• Predator and fungus release
– Success– The dramatic decline of the
gypsy moth population in New Jersey is due to the combination of effective treatments in spring of 2009 and the impacts of predatory parasites and natural fungus that kill gypsy moth caterpillars, according to Douglas Fisher, the state’s agriculture secretary.
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LEAFROLLERS
• Indistinct green larva
• Roll leaves or tie leaves together for protection
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LEAFROLLERS
• HOST
• Sweetgums (tiers), canna (rollers)…
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Vinca Leaf Roller
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COLEOPTERA
beetles and weevils
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COLEOPTERA
• Coleos: sheath
• Ptera: wing
• Complete
• Chewing
• Wings:– Front: hardened (elytra), not for flight– Back: membranous
• Larva are grubs
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WHITE GRUBS
• C-shaped larva
• Several different species are a pest
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WHITE GRUBS
• Identify species by rastral pattern
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WHITE GRUBS
• Identify species by rastral pattern
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WHITE GRUBS
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WHITE GRUBS
• Weevils are legless white grubs
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WHITE GRUBS
HOST
Turf
• Lush, high irrigation and fertilization
Many are harmless, feed on OM
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WHITE GRUBS
DAMAGE
• Consume roots in late summer
• Water stress spots in mid-August
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WHITE GRUBS
MONITOR
• Direct sample (8 to 12 grubs / sq ft)
• Pull water stressed spots in August– Mole crickets?
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WHITE GRUBS
CONTROL
• Milky spore, Japanese beetle only
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JAPANESE BEETLE
• Larva: white grub
• The grub was introduced in 1916 from Japan on Iris roots
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JAPANESE BEETLE
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JAPANESE BEETLE
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JAPANESE BEETLE
HOST
• Larva: turf roots
• Adult: rose, Prunus, maple, other woody plants…
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JAPANESE BEETLE
DAMAGE
• Larva: feed on turf roots
• Adult: June to September
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JAPANESE BEETLE
DAMAGE
• Tissue between veins (young leaves)
• Lacey symptoms
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JAPANESE BEETLE
DAMAGE
• Also eat fruit and blossoms
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JAPANESE BEETLE
MONITOR
• Pheromone traps
• Branch beating adults
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JAPANESE BEETLE
CONTROL
• Larva: Milky spore disease, nematodes, insecticide
• Established woody can tolerate
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WEEVILS
• Snouts beetles
• Many flightless (elytra fused)
• Larva: legless grubs
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WEEVILS
HOST
• Whitefringed beetle: Azalea
• Palmetto weevil: Palms
• Other weevils, most other woody plants…
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WEEVILS
Whitefringed beetle
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WEEVILS
DAMAGE: Whitefringed beetle
• Adults: notched symptoms on foliage in July
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WEEVILS
CONTROL: Whitefringed beetle
• Plants tolerant in Lowcountry
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WEEVILS
Palmetto weevil
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WEEVILS
DAMAGE: Palmetto weevil
• Dying or weak palm gives off scent
• Male locates susceptible palm, releases pheromone
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WEEVILS
DAMAGE: Palmetto weevil
• Larva feeds on crown
• “Breaks” the neck
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZWltkUZgZPc
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WEEVILS
CONTROL: Palmetto weevils
• Insecticides no good once infested
• Cut down before adult emerges
• Mass trapping and sanitation
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BARK BEETLES
• Size of rice
• Dark, red, brown, or black
• Southern Pine Beetle
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BARK BEETLES
• Vectors blue stain fungus
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BARK BEETLES
• Larvae tunnel called galleries (packed with frass)
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BARK BEETLES
HOST
• Pine, spruce…
• Plants in weakened state (predisposed)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t_5tBnvCj3s
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BARK BEETLES
DAMAGE• Larvae tunnel through the phloem • Pitch around boring holes• Sawdust below• Further weaken host
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BARK BEETLES
DAMAGE• European Elm Bark Beetle
– 1904 in Boston• Attacks American Elms and introduces
spores of the Dutch Elm Disease (DED)
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BARK BEETLES
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BARK BEETLES
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BARK BEETLES
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BARK BEETLES
MONITORING
• Declining branches– Break open
• Pheromone traps
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Pheromone Repellent
• http://www.forestrydistributing.com/en/verbenone-pine-beetle-repellent-pouch-retail
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BARK BEETLES
CONTROL• Avoid unseasoned firewood storage
near hosts– Cover with plastic for several months
• Destroy infected branches• Systemic insecticides do NOT work
once there are symptoms• Some resistant varieties, such as
Valley Forge American elm
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BORERS
Flathead borers
• Legless grub
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BORERS
Flathead borers
• Metallic adults (copper, blue, green)
• Steamlined, bullet shaped
• Grooved wings
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BORERS
Flathead borers
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BORERS
Roundhead borers
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BORERS
Roundhead borers
• Long antennae (long horn beetles)Long antennae (long horn beetles)
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BORERS
HOST
• Predisposed trees
• Mostly deciduous
• Rarely attack healthy host
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BORERS
DAMAGE
• Larvae bore throughout tree
• Finish off dying host
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Squash Borer
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Squash Borer
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Squash Borer
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Squash Borer
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BORERS
MONITOR
• Limb dieback
• Boring holes wet or oozing
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BORERS (179)
MONITOR
• Limb dieback
• Boring holes wet or oozing
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BORERS
CONTROL
• Avoid unseasoned firewood storage near hosts
• Destroy infected branches
• Systemic insecticides do NOT work
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3SSt1kNMahE
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TWIG BEETLES
Twig borer
• Lay eggs in twig and introduce Ambrosia fungus
• Larva feed on fungus
• Pupate in twig before winter
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TWIG BEETLES
Twig borer
HOST
• Southern Magnolia, redbud, dogwood…
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TWIG BEETLES
Twig borer
DAMAGE
• Small branches wilting and dying
• Hole located at base
• Does not harm the health on host
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Red Bay Ambrosia Beetle
• Decimating red bay trees
• Red bay wilt (closely related to DED)
• http://okeechobee.ifas.ufl.edu/News%20columns/Red.Bay.htm
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Red Bay Ambrosia Beetle
• Discoloration of outer sapwood
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Red Bay Ambrosia Beetle
• May push out “stick” as it feeds
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