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Geography 2153Fall 2013

Environment, Economy and Society

Sustainability and the City

(Ch 13)

Jamie Baxter

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Outline Ch 13

Urbanization

the rise of cities

cities and sustainability

environmental conditions and trends Agricultural land

Heat islands

Noise Water and waste water

urban planning and energy

urban planning and transportation

urban planning and waste

Guest Lecture

Jay Stanford and Jamie Skimming:

"Sustainable CitiesAdjusting how we use Todays BuiltEnvironment and Positioning for Tomorrow"

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Designing sustainable cities is simpler

than implementing them?

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Exercise

Design a sustainable city.

Groups of 3 or 4

List the key

features/criteria

Rank those criteria and be

prepared to share with the

class (dont peek further in this

lecture, for now)

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Tokyo

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Rise of Cities

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Urban Areas in Canada

urban area

population of at

least 1,000 and a

density of 400 ormore people per

square kilometre.

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Urban Areas in Canada

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http://www.parl.gc.ca/Content/SEN/Committee/391/agri/rep/repintdec06-e.htm

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Urban GrowthOutwards

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http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/earth-sciences/geography-boundary/remote-sensing/optical/1741

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Urban Environmental Conditions and Trends

Loss of agricultural land

20% of Canadas high-

capability (Class 1-3)agricultural land is

located within 80 km of

the 23 largest cities

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Constrained by the ocean at its borders, there is

pressure for Vancouver to develop prime agricultural

land towards the mountains

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Noise

the silent environmental

issue

Sources Use your imaginationbut

consider indoor environments

too

Impacts tinnitus, hypertension, heart

disease, annoyance, stress,

aggression (secondary impacts)

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Western Gazette editorial article 2009
http://www.gazette.uwo.ca/article.cfm?section=Opinions&articleID=1722&month=3&day=3&year=2009

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Noise

reduction

physical barriers (e.g. freeway

noise barriers)

vegetative barriers policies and bylaws

H.E.A.R.net

musicians raising awareness

about music/concert inducedhearing loss

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Living noise barrier in Laval QC - $3million and

willows dyinghighlights the challenges of

balancing form and function
http://www.hearnet.com/http://www.hearnet.com/

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Water supply and

quality

surface water

supplies mostCanadian cities

improvements in

wastewater treatment

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Water supply and water treatment

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Secondary aerobic biological

processes

e.g., activatedsludge

Tertiary Filtration

Lagoons

Nutrient (e.g.,phosphorus,nitrogen) removal

Disinfection (e.g.,chlorine)

Why so low?

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Sustainable

housing/buildings

Energy

Water use

Land

Proximity to transportation

networks Construction materials

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Novel materials like straw for wall insulation

present unique challenges and opportunities for

design and construction

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Energy

Monitoring

to chart progress and

track the impact of

various changes meant

to reduce consumption

various scales

nationaltospecific

buildings

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Sustainable Transportation

Increase non-motorized

vehicles

Decreased emissions

from vehicles

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Smart choice for driving in the city?

Bostons big dig made motorized vehicles go underground

Each of the 15 million

cars/SUV/trucks onCanadas roads emits over4 tonnes of pollutantsannually into the

atmosphere

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Sustainable Transportation

Walkable cities

Emphasis on loop andlollipop street designin suburbs

Can be far lesswalkable

Encourages motorized

vehicle use classic grid patterns

more walkable

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Cul-de-sacs may be perceived as safer quieter, but walkable?

See the walk score methodology here
http://www.walkscore.com/methodology.shtmlhttp://www.walkscore.com/methodology.shtml

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Solid Waste and the City

Waste hierarchy

Ranked options for

waste management

In EU this is written intolaw65% of 1995 level

of organics by 2016

What are some

challenges for satisfyingthe waste hierarchy

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Solid Waste and the City

Torontos 2012

budget $14.8

billionwaste

= 2.3%

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Waste Diversion

In 1994 OntarioEnvironmental Protection

Act required thatmunicipalities with popn >

5000 have blue boxprogramsmunicipalitieshad difficulty funding

Waste Diversion Act, 2002industry now helps pay

for program This sets a framework for

diversion that is stilldeveloping

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1994 this became law

Calgary blue bins dont appear until 2009but in a

high tech way

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Waste Diversion

Waste Diversion Ontario

not-for-profit organization

funded by industry

oversees Ontarios currentrecycling programs

25% total waste diverted from

landfills

46% residential waste divertedfrom landfill

60% of waste is non-residential

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Torontos solution to diversion: fees

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Waste Diversion

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US EPA Datafood generally higher

than paper by volume

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Waste Diversion Organics (Toronto)

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Aerobic composting facilitye.g., Arthur ONLandfillGreenlane near London

Green bin facility North York

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Waste Diversion

Organics

Comprise largest

fraction of pre-

diversion wastestream

Challenge: remove

contaminants (e.g.,

plastics) and liquids

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Toronto Green Bin Facility virtual fieldtrip- can deal with

about 160,00 of 510,000 (31%) single family home greenbins per year

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Guest Lecture

"Sustainable CitiesAdjusting how we

use Todays Built Environment and

Positioning for Tomorrow

Jay Stanford

Director, Environment, Fleet & Solid Waste

at the City of London

Jamie Skimming

Manager, Air Quality City of London

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lecture9_2153_2013

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