lecture04a_antenna types.pdf

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  • 8/11/2019 Lecture04a_Antenna Types.pdf

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    Antenna EngineeringLecture 4: Antenna Types and Analysis Techniques

    Part I

    ELC 405a Fall 2011

    Department of Electronics and CommunicationsEngineering

    Faculty of Engineering Cairo University

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    Antenna TypesBy Current Distribution

    By Material

    By Geometry

    Analysis of Some Antennas

    Dipoles, Monopoles and Loops

    Folded Dipole

    Helical Antenna

    Islam A. Eshrah, 2009

    2

    Outline

    1

    2

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    Antenna Types Analysis of Some Antennas

    By Current Distribution

    Islam A. Eshrah, 2009

    4

    Standing and Traveling Wave Antennas

    Standing Wave Traveling Wave

    +

    +

    I

    Standing-wave antennas are usually narrow-band antennas.Traveling wave antennas are usually wide-band antennas.

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    Antenna Types Analysis of Some Antennas

    By Geometry

    Islam A. Eshrah, 2009

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    Line, Surface and Volume Antennas

    Line Surface Volume

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    Antenna Types Analysis of Some Antennas

    Antenna TypesBy Current Distribution

    By Material

    By Geometry

    Analysis of Some Antennas

    Dipoles, Monopoles and Loops

    Folded Dipole

    Helical Antenna

    Islam A. Eshrah, 2009

    7

    Outline

    1

    2

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    Antenna Types Analysis of Some Antennas

    Wire Antennas

    Islam A. Eshrah, 2009

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    Dipole, Monopole and Loop Antennas

    +

    + +

    The sinusoidal approximation can be adopted to estimate the parameters of theantennas above.

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    Antenna Types Analysis of Some Antennas

    Wire Antennas

    Islam A. Eshrah, 2009

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    Folded Dipole

    +

    +

    +

    V V /2 V /2

    I 1 I 2

    1 11 2 122V I Z I Z

    11

    1

    4in

    V Z Z

    I

    The folded dipole is typically used with the two-wire line (matching impedance).

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    Antenna Types Analysis of Some Antennas

    Wire Antennas

    Islam A. Eshrah, 2009

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    Helical Antenna

    140in

    R C 20

    15

    D nC S 52

    HPBW

    C nS

    The helical antenna operates in the axial mode as a predominantly traveling waveantenna with the circumference measuring one wavelength and the turn spacingmeasuring quarter wavelength.

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    Antennas may be categorized by current distribution, geometryand material.

    Wire antennas such as dipoles and loops may be approximatelyanalyzed by adopting the sinusoidal approximation.

    Folded dipoles have 4 times the input impedance of thecorresponding dipole.

    Traveling wave antennas (e.g. helical antennas) have in generalbroader bandwidth and higher directivity than thecorresponding standing wave antennas.

    Islam A. Eshrah, 2009

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    Conclusion