lecture slides week1 lecture2
TRANSCRIPT
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O
HO
CH3
morphine
morphine
Drugs and the Brain
miniLecture 2
What is a drug?
Types of drug molecules
2012 California Institute of Technology
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drugnoun Origin: Middle English drogge Date: 14th century
1 a . . .
b : a substance used as a medication or in the preparation of medication
, ,
(1) : a substance recognized in an official pharmacopoeia or formulary(2) : a substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment,
or preven on o sease
(3) : a substance other than food intended to affect the structure or function of
the body
2 . . .
, ,marked change in consciousness
Merriam-Webster, Inchttp://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/drug
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Trivial names and Structural Formulas
botulinum toxinnicotine procaine morphine
H2C
NH3CH2C CH2CH3
HO
CH3N
O
CH2
C OO
HOCH3
morphine
NH2
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This sessions drugs exemplify the concepts in Drugs and the Brain
Drugs Activate (nicotine) and block (procaine) ion channels
Drugs act on G protein pathways (morphine)
Part 3: Drugs activate genes (nicotine, morphine)
Protein drugs may become more useful for neuroscience diseases(botulinum toxin)
Not treated in this session:
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Atomic-scale Structures
nicotine procaine botulinum toxinmorphine
N
CH3N
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=4914&loc=ec_rcs
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=5288826&loc=ec_rcs
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=89594&loc=ec_rcs
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/mmdb/mmdbsrv.cgi?uid=26967
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Each moiety in a drug molecule has importance.Example: procaine
Charged amine:
H C
HNH3CH2C CH2CH3+
charged groups or
electronson the protein
O
CH2
terminate drug action
C O
Aromatic: may bind to
NH
nonpolar groups onthe receptor protein
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Formulas and molecular weights (MW)
nicotine procaine botulinumtoxin
morphine
C13H20N2O2
236
C10H14N2
162 ~150,000
C17H19NO3
285.3
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Trademark Names
nicotine procainebotulinum
toxinmorphine
MarlboroCamel Astramorph,
uraca neNovocainNicorette
Kapanol,Skenan
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Type of CompoundType of Compound
nicotine morp ne
alkaloid
(Alkaloids are a group of nitrogenous organic compoundsthat have physiological effects on humans).
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Type of CompoundType of Compound
local anesthetic
yn e c organc compoun
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Type of CompoundType of Compound
toxin
rotein:
Chain of amino-acid residues joined by peptide bonds
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HO
N
O
HOmorphinemorphine
Drugs and the Brain
What is a drug?
End of module 2
Types of drug molecules
2012 California Institute of Technology