lecture slides 1
TRANSCRIPT
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Review of Networking ConceptsReview of Networking Concepts
CSCI‐ Introduction to Local Area Network
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Introduction
Class Organization:• Instructor Contact Information
• Course Description
• Course Objectives
• Text Book & Class Notes
• Lectures Outlines
• Grading Policy
Overview in Computer NetworkNetworking Components
Networking Connectivityg y
Local Area Network Topologies
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Instructor Contact and Meeting Times
• Instructor Contact:Amar Rasheed
Office: Journalism Building, 212
Email: amar_rasheed@tamu‐commerce.edu
Office Hours: Monday 3:15 PM – 5:15 PM,
Wednesday 12:30 PM – 5:30 PM
Friday By appointment
• Meeting Times:M 12:30 – 3:10 PM
• Location: JOUR110
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Course Objectives, Course Outcomes andReading Resources g
• Course Objectives:Define and understand basic Data Communications
learn networking topologies, introduce the OSI Model and the IEEE 802 standards
Gain practical experience with various Based networking platform
Gain experience with subnetting, the use of IP addresses, and the fundamentals of IP routing
• Course Outcomes:f l h h b f dBe familiar with the basics of data communication
Gain knowledge of various types of computer networking technologies
Be exposed to the TCP/IP protocol suite
Be able to implement and designing communication protocols
• Course Reading Resources:Networks of Computer Scientists and Engineers, Youlu Zheng and Shakil Akhtar, Oxford University Press 2001 ISBN13 9780195113983University Press, 2001, ISBN13: 9780195113983
Class Notes
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Course Outlines• Overviews (Week 1)
Computer Networks OverviewLocal Area Networks Overview
• Local Area Networking Basics (Week 5 – Week 7)
TOPOLOGIES: MESH STAR RING BUS
Open System Interconnection (OSI Model)
CHANNEL ACCESS METHODS• Data Communication Basics (Week
2 – Week 4)ASCIIAsynchronous & Synchronous Serial
CHANNEL ACCESS METHODS
Common LANs: IEEE 802.3 ETHERNET, ARCNet, 802.5 TOKEN RING, IEEE 802.4 TOKEN BUS
LAN COMPARISONS
NETWARE 3 12 (W k 8)Asynchronous & Synchronous SerialTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL DATAMETHOD OF TRANSMISSIONSERIAL vs. PARALLELASYNCHRONOUS vs SYNCHRONOUS
• NETWARE 3.12 (Week 8)
Host & Client Installation; Administration
Printing
• WINDOWS NT 4.0 (Week 9)ASYNCHRONOUS vs SYNCHRONOUSENCODING TECHNIQUES: MID BIT TRANSITIONS; BIPHASE CODING ...MODEMS and CODECSTRANSMISSION MEDIA
Host & Client Installation; Resource Sharing
Gateway between NT & Netware
IPX/SPX NetBEUI TCP/IP Environments
• NETWARE 5.0 (Week 10)TRANSMISSION MEDIABounded vs UnboundedBASEBAND vs BROADBANDMULTIPLEXING
Host & Client Installation
• LINUX (Week 10)
LINUX Host Installation and SMB Installation
• Routers and Switches (Week 11‐Week 14 )SWITCHING TECHNIQUES
)
Subnetting fundamentals and examples
Examples of Practical Programming IOS
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Grading Policy
• Grading Scale:A: 100‐90, B: 89‐ 80, C: 79‐70, D: 69‐60, F: Below 60
• Course grade will be the weighted sum of the following:10% Homeworks Assignmentsg
10% Quizzes
25% Exam1
25% Exam2
30% Final Exam
• Exams:Closed‐book Closed notesClosed book, Closed notes
Exams will emphasized new materials
Comprehensive Final Exam
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Networking Components
• Link: A physical medium that used to connect two or more p yCommunicating devices together
• Communication Devices: There are two types of devices: end systems and nodesend systems and nodes
End systems (host) generates data information and uses the network to communicate (they support users and run application programs)application programs)
Nodes are used to store and forward data information, they usually implement the underlying network
Example of Networking Nodes :Example of Networking Nodes :
Switch Router
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Networking Components
• Packet: a block of data as corresponding to some piece of D t
p g papplication data such as a file, a piece of email, or an image.
• Networking Connectivity
DataControl
• Networking ConnectivityNetworks can be classified according to how hosts (computers) are connected:
Point‐to‐Point: Two Computers share a single communication channel
A B
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Networking Connectivity
• Multiple‐access:many computer share the same channel p y pfor communication
A C E
DB
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Networking Connectivity
• Circuit switched: Establish a physical connection between two hosts, and packets passed between nodes by “switching” them through p p y g gIntermediate nodes
In a circuit‐switched network, a dedicated communication path (“circuit”) is established between two stations through the nodes of the ( ) gnetwork
The dedicated path is called a circuit‐switched connection or circuit
A circuit occupies a fixed capacity of each link for the entire lifetime ofA circuit occupies a fixed capacity of each link for the entire lifetime of the connection. Capacity unused by the circuit cannot be used by other circuits
Data is not delayed at the switchesData is not delayed at the switches
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Networking Connectivity• Circuit‐switched communication involves three phases:
Circuit Establishment
Data Transfer
Circuit Termination
• “Busy Signal” if capacity for a circuit is not available
• Most important circuit‐switching networks:Most important circuit switching networks:Telephone networks
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Networks)DD
Circuit 1
A
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Networking Connectivity• Packet‐switched:
Data are sent as formatted bit‐sequences, so‐called packetspackets
H d d T il t l i f ti
Header Data Trailer
Header and Trailer carry control information
Packets have the following structure:
Each packet is passed through the network from node to d l h ( d / )node along some path (Forwarding/Routing)
At each node the entire packet is received, stored briefly, and then forwarded to the next node (Store‐and‐Forward
k )Networks)
Packet transmission is never interrupted (no preemption)
No fixed capacity is allocated for packets
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Networking Connectivity• Packet‐switched:
D
Packet1
A
Packet2
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Categories of Networks• Networks can be classified according to the area over which
they extend.Local Area Network (LAN)Local Area Network (LAN)
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
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Local Area Network (LAN)• Consists of few host/nodes or up to several hundred
• They typically be confined to one or a few buildings within few thousand meters of one anotherfew thousand meters of one another
Social Science Building
Journalism Building
Building
BA Building
Building
JournalismJournalism Building
AGIT Building
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Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)• Interconnect LANs across a metropolitan area
• Example: A university might interconnect it campuses
W tWest Campus
University Network
Main Campus
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Wide Area Network (WAN)I t t LAN MAN• Interconnect LANs or MANs
• They can be homogeneous or heterogeneous
• A WAN can span campuses, cities, or even continents.
• Only one node on each LAN or MAN, called Router or Gateway, connects to WAN
• Host or nodes on one LAN communicate with nodes on other LANs via the router or gateway
WAN
Texas A&M University‐College Station
MAN1
MAN
Texas A&M University‐yCommerce
LAN3LAN2 Router
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Client/Server Model
• In the Client‐Server Computing Model:The Server is a program that Provides Certain Services to the client p gprogram.
The Connection between the client and the server is normally by means of a message passing mechanismg p g
Specific protocol is used to encode the client’s requests and the server’s responses
Client
Input
OutputServer
Request
DataOutput
Data
Data
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Client/Server Models
• Client/Server model with Dedicated Servers/
• Client/Server model with General Servers
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Client/Server Models with Dedicated Servers
Example of Dedicated Servers:Example of Dedicated Servers:• Mail Server• File Server• Print Server• Print Server
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Client/Server Models with General Servers
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Client/Server Models (Peer‐to‐Peer)
k ll h d ( d i• peer‐to‐peer networks allow shared resources (e.g. devices, applications, and data) across the network.
• Each computer in a peer‐to‐peer network functions as both a client and a server and manages its own security.
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Client/Server Models
AdvantagesAdvantagesStrong central security.
Central file storage allows users to work from a single source of data.
f ll l h d ( d k ) dMore fully utilize existing hardware (printers, disk storage) and software.
May dedicate servers to perform specific tasks.
Can be faster than peer‐to‐peer.
DisadvantagesR i i li d h d d ftRequires specialized server hardware and software.
Requires dedicated network administration.
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Network Topologies• A network topology is the different geometric configuration of
nodes and hosts that can be connected to make the network
Example of Network topologies:Example of Network topologies:
Common Bus
Star Topology
Ring Topology
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Common Bus Topology
• A single Bus is used to connects end‐systems together
• Each connected device equipped with an interface card that listen to• Each connected device equipped with an interface card that listen to the bus and examines its data traffic
• Adding new devices are easy
• The fail re or remo al of a de ice dose not ca ses the net ork to fail• The failure or removal of a device dose not causes the network to fail
A DC
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Star Topology
• It uses a central device that communicate with other devices in the networknetwork
• Two devices in the network can communicate only through the central device
• The failure of the central device brings down the entire network• The failure of the central device brings down the entire network
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Ring Topology• Devices are connected circularly
• Each device can communicate directly with either or both of its neighbors but nobody else
• The Ring network may be Unidirectional or Bidirectional
• During data transmission all devices between a source and a destination are involved
• The failure of one device causes a break in the ring
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Other Network Topology• Fully Connected Topology:
A direct connection between every pair of devices in the network
No competition for common linesNo competition for common lines
If two devices wants to communicate, they do so without involving other devices
h f h hThe cost of connection is high
Many connections may be vastly underutilized