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Mohd Hasnun Arif HassanEditor

Intelligent Manufacturing& MechatronicsProceedings of Symposium, 29 January 2018,Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

123

EditorMohd Hasnun Arif HassanFaculty of Manufacturing EngineeringUniversiti Malaysia PahangPekan, PahangMalaysia

ISSN 2195-4356 ISSN 2195-4364 (electronic)Lecture Notes in Mechanical EngineeringISBN 978-981-10-8787-5 ISBN 978-981-10-8788-2 (eBook)https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8788-2

Library of Congress Control Number: 2018934933

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Preface

The Symposium on Intelligent Manufacturing and Mechatronics (SympoSIMM)2018 was held at Universiti Malaysia Pahang in Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia, on 29January 2018. It was organized by the Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering,Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), in collaboration with the Faculty of Manu-facturing Engineering of Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Melaka.Both parties aimed to provide a platform for deliberating empirical and theoreticalresearch that are foreseen in the context of Industry 4.0. With the theme of“Strengthening Innovations Towards Industry 4.0”, it is the first dedicated sym-posium to Industry 4.0 hosted by the organizers. The symposium was graced by avivacious keynote speech entitled “The Ideas of Mechatronics” by Prof. Ir. Dr. WanAzhar Wan Yusoff.

This symposium enticed 120 submissions from authors nationwide. All sub-missions underwent a strenuous peer review process from members of thePeer-Reviewing Technical Committee. The reviews were based on the manuscript’srelevance to the tracks, novelty of the findings, the importance and presentationof the studies towards the particularity of Industry 4.0’s current trends. Followingthe review process, only 65 submissions made it into the symposium, 15 submis-sions were withdrawn, and 40 submissions were rejected due to various reasons.The accepted submissions were divided into five tracks covering various scopes ofmanufacturing engineering and mechatronics stream, namely Intelligent Manufac-turing, Robotics, Artificial Intelligence, Instrumentation, and Modelling and Sim-ulation. This book was divided into five parts based on the aforementioned tracks.

We would like to express our gratitude to all members of the OrganizingCommittee, without which the organization of this symposium would never bepossible. Special thank goes to the management of the Faculty of ManufacturingEngineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, for the support towards the successfulorganization of the symposium. Further, we would like to extend our thanks to allauthors for their participation in the symposium and their valuable contribution tothis book. Last but not least, we would like to appreciate the help from the

v

publisher, especially to Dr. Christoph Baumann and Mr. Arumugam Deivasiga-mani. We hope that the contents of this book will benefit the readers in embracingthe new era of industrial revolution 4.0.

Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia Mohd Hasnun Arif HassanJanuary 2018 Zamzuri Hamedon

Siti Zubaidah IsmailAhmad Shahir Jamaludin

Muhammad Aizzat ZakariaAhmad Shahrizan Abdul Ghani

Nurul Akmal Che LahNurul Hidayah Razak

Ahmad Fakhri Ab. NasirAhmad Najmuddin Ibrahim

Asrul AdamZulhelmi Ismail

Mohd Yazid AbuRadhiyah Abd. Aziz

vi Preface

Organizing Committee

Chairman of the Organizing Committee

Zamzuri Hamedon, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia

Vice Chairman of the Organizing Committee

Mohd Hasnun Arif Hassan, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia

Secretary

Siti Zubaidah Ismail, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia

Treasurer

Ahmad Shahir Jamaludin, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia

Submission and Publication Committee

Muhammad Aizzat Zakaria, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, MalaysiaAsrul Adam, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, MalaysiaRadhiyah Abd. Aziz, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, MalaysiaZulhelmi Ismail, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia

vii

Scientific Reviewing Committee

Ahmad Shahrizan Abdul Ghani, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, MalaysiaNurul Akmal Che Lah, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, MalaysiaNurul Hidayah Razak, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, MalaysiaMohd Yazid Abu, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, MalaysiaAhmad Yusairi Bani Hashim, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, MalaysiaZamberi Jamaludin, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, MalaysiaMuhammad Hafidz Fazli Md Fauadi, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka

Publicity Committee

Ahmad Fakhri Ab Nasir, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, MalaysiaAzrul Azwan Abdul Rahman, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia

Venue and Logistics Committee

Ahmad Najmuddin Ibrahim, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, MalaysiaLokman Abdullah, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia

Special Tasks Committee

Nurul Hidayah Razak, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, MalaysiaSyamimi Shamsuddin, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, MalaysiaMohd Khairulnazri Saidi, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia

Name of Editors

Mohd Hasnun Arif Hassan, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, MalaysiaZamzuri Hamedon, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, MalaysiaSiti Zubaidah Ismail, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, MalaysiaAhmad Shahir Jamaludin, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, MalaysiaMuhammad Aizzat Zakaria, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, MalaysiaAhmad Shahrizan Abdul Ghani, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, MalaysiaNurul Akmal Che Lah, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, MalaysiaNurul Hidayah Razak, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, MalaysiaAhmad Fakhri Ab. Nasir, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, MalaysiaAhmad Najmuddin Ibrahim, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia

viii Organizing Committee

Asrul Adam, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, MalaysiaZulhelmi Ismail, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, MalaysiaMohd Yazid Abu, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, MalaysiaRadhiyah Abd. Aziz, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia

Organizing Committee ix

Contents

Part I Intelligent Manufacturing

Mathematical Modelling of Biomechanics Factors for Push Activitiesin Manufacturing Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Seri Rahayu Kamat, Mohammad Firdaus Ani, Athira Ghazali,Syamimi Shamsuddin, Momoyo Ito and Minoru Fukumi

Ergonomics Study of Working Postures in Manual Hand LayupProcess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Nur Syafiqah Rayme, Seri Rahayu Kamat, Syamimi Shamsuddin,Wan Hasrulnizzam Wan Mahmood and Noor’ain Azizan

Mismatch in Anthropometric Parameters of MalaysianManufacturing Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Nur Syafiqah Rayme, Seri Rahayu Kamat, Syamimi Shamsuddin,Wan Hasrulnizzam Wan Mahmood and Ruzy Haryati Hambali

Development Tools of an Adaptive Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Muhammad Azri Othman, Mohamad Minhat, Zamberi Jamaludinand Ahamad Zaki Mohamed Noor

Innovative Method of Measuring Electrode Wear During EDMDrilling Process Using Vision System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Zamzuri Hamedon, I. Razemi, A. R. Abdul Manafand Nafrizuan Mat Yahya

Suppression on Effect of Cutting Forces Towards TrackingPerformance in Milling Cutting Process Using State Observers . . . . . . . 65Madihah Maharof, Zamberi Jamaludin, Mohamad Minhat,Nur Amira Anang, Tsung Heng Chiew and J. Jamaludin

xi

Effect of Filler Loading on Tracking and Erosion of Silicone RubberBased Composites Under DC Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Najwa Kamarudin, Jeefferie Abd Razak, Nurbahirah Norddin,Aminuddin Aman and Nazurah Nazir

Design and Implementation of Cascade NP/PI Controller for FeedTable Ball Screw Driven Milling Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85Nur Amira Anang, Lokman Abdullah, Zamberi Jamaludin,Madihah Maharof and Tsung Heng Chiew

A Resonant Type AC Magnetometer for Evaluation of MagneticNanoparticles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Nazatul Sharreena Suhaimi, Mohd Mawardi Saari, Hamzah Ahmad,Mohd Rusllim Mohamed and Nurul Akmal Che Lah

Optimization of Multi-holes Drilling Path Using Particle SwarmOptimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101Najwa Wahida Zainal Abidin, Mohd Fadzil Faisae Ab. Rashidand Nik Mohd Zuki Nik Mohamed

Development of 3D Printed Heart Model for Medical Training . . . . . . . 109Khairul Shah Affendy Yakof, Nor Fazlin Zabudin, Idris Mat Sahatand Mohd Azrul Hisham Mohd Adib

Investigating the Influences of Automated Material Handling System(AMHS) and Effect of Layout Changing in Automotive AssemblyProcess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Seha Saffar, Zamberi Jamaludin and Fairul Azni Jafar

Systematic Approach for Uncertainty Delta E Data for CompositesPanel Coating Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Elmi Abu Bakar, W. A. F. W. Othman and A. R. Othman

Statistical Analysis of the Machining Parameters in Drillingof Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) Compositewith Various Drill Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141A. R. Othman, M. H. Hassan, Elmi Abu Bakar and W. A. F. W. Othman

Surface Roughness and Wear Properties of Al–Al2O3 Metal MatrixComposites Fabricated Using Friction Stir Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155N. Fatchurrohman and Azriee Abdullah

A Knowledge-Based Ergonomics Assessment System for WMSDPrevention Using AHP Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161Fazilah Abdul Aziz, Zakri Ghazalli, Mohd Jawad Mohd Jamil,Awanis Romli and Nik Mohd Zuki Nik Mohamed

xii Contents

Part II Robotics

The Identification and Control of a Finger Exoskeleton for GraspingRehabilitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177Zahari Taha, Muhammad Muaz Alim, Anwar P. P. Abdul Majeed,Muhammad Aizzat Zakaria, Mohd Azraai Mohd Razman,Mohd Ali Hanafiah Shaharudin and Mohd Hasnun Arif Hassan

Trajectory Tracking Analysis of Planar End-Effector Upper LimbRehabilitation Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183H. Y. Lim and Muhammad Aizzat Zakaria

Survey on Animal Robot PARO in Malaysia: Perception andAcceptance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197Muhammad Winal Zikril Zulkifli, Syamimi Shamsuddinand Lim Thiam Hwee

Shortest Path Planning for Noncircular Omnidirectional MobileRobot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209Salah Addin Amin Ahmed and M. Juhairi Aziz Safar

Preparation, Field Observation and Survey on STEMEngagement of 5-Axis Pick-and-Place Pneumatic Robotic ArmRemote-Manipulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219Ahmad Anas Yusof, Ihsan Ismail, Syarizal Bakri,Mohd Khairi Mohamed Nor and Rabiah Ahmad

Facing the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Competition Challenge:The TUAH AUV Experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231Ahmad Anas Yusof, Mohd Khairi Mohamed Nor,Shamsul Anuar Shamsudin, Mohd Rizal Alkahari,Mohd Shahrieel bin Mohd Aras and Mohamad Riduwan Md. Nawawi

Motion Tracker Based Wheeled Mobile Robot System Identificationand Controller Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241Dwi Pebrianti, Yong Hooi Hao, Nur Aisyah Syafinaz Suarin,Luhur Bayuaji, Zulkifli Musa, Mohammad Syafrullah and Indra Riyanto

The Development of PANTHER AUV for Autonomous UnderwaterVehicle Competition Challenge 2017/2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259Ahmad Anas Yusof, Mohd Khairi Mohamed Nor,Shamsul Anuar Shamsudin, Mohd Rizal Alkahari and Masjuri Musa

Waypoint Navigation of Quad-rotor MAV UsingFuzzy-PID Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271Goh Ming Qian, Dwi Pebrianti, Luhur Bayuaji, Nor Rul Hasma Abdullah,Mahfuzah Mustafa, Mohammad Syafrullah and Indra Riyanto

Contents xiii

Development of Pole-Like Tree Spiral Climbing Robot . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285M. A. Mustapa, W. A. F. W. Othman, Elmi Abu Bakar and A. R. Othman

Data-Driven PID Tuning Based on Safe Experimentation Dynamicsfor Control of Double-Pendulum-Type Overhead Crane . . . . . . . . . . . . 295Nor Sakinah Abdul Shukor and Mohd Ashraf Ahmad

Integral Super Twisting Sliding Mode Control (ISTSMC) Applicationin 1DOF Internal Mass Autonomous Underwater Glider (AUG) . . . . . . 305Maziyah Mat-Noh, M. R. Arshad, Rosmiwati Mohd-Mokhtarand Zainah Md Zain

X4-ROV: The Open Source Underwater Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327Zainah Md Zain and Khairil Ashraf Ab. Rahim

Effect of Assistive Grouser Mechanism on Lightweight Rover PowerConsumption Pattern on Steep Soft Sand Inclines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343Ahmad Najmuddin Ibrahim and Yasuhiro Fukuoka

Part III Artificial Intelligence

Development of Ergonomic Vehicle Model and Decision SupportSystem for Driving Fatigue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355Mohammad Firdaus Ani, Seri Rahayu Kamat, Minoru Fukumi,Momoyo Ito, Mohamad Minhat and Nur Syafiqah Rayme

Talent Identification of Potential Archers Through Fitnessand Motor Ability Performance Variables by Means of ArtificialNeural Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371Zahari Taha, Rabiu Muazu Musa, Anwar P. P. Abdul Majeed,Mohamad Razali Abdullah and Mohd Hasnun Arif Hassan

Classification of High Performance Archers by Means ofBio-physiological Performance Variables via k-NearestNeighbour Classification Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377Zahari Taha, Rabiu Muazu Musa, Anwar P. P. Abdul Majeed,Mohamad Razali Abdullah, Ahmad Fakhri Ab. Nasirand Mohd Hasnun Arif Hassan

The Application of Support Vector Machine in Classifying PotentialArchers Using Bio-mechanical Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385Zahari Taha, Rabiu Muazu Musa, Anwar P. P. Abdul Majeed,Mohamad Razali Abdullah, Muhammad Amirul Abdullahand Mohd Hasnun Arif Hassan

xiv Contents

The Identification of Hunger Behaviour of Lates CalcariferUsing k-Nearest Neighbour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393Zahari Taha, Mohd Azraai Mohd Razman, F. A. Adnan,Anwar P. P. Abdul Majeed, Rabiu Muazu Musa,Ahmad Shahrizan Abdul Ghani, M. F. Sallehudin and Y. Mukai

Decision Making Support System Using Intelligence Toolsto Select Best Alternative in Design for Remanufacturing(Economy Indicator) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401Ahamad Zaki Mohamed Noor, Muhammad Hafidz Fazli Md Fauadi,Fairul Azni Jafar, Nor Rashidah Mohamad,Muhammad Winal Zikril Zulkifli, Muhammad Haziq Hasbulah,Muhammad Azri Othman, Mahasan Mat Ali, Jee Boon Gohand Rajandran Morthui

Towards EEG-Based Brain-Controlled Modular Robots: PreliminaryFramework by Interfacing OpenVIBE, Python and V-REP forSimulate Modular Robot Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415Muhammad Haziq Hasbulah, Fairul Azni Jafar, M. Hisham Nordinand Kazutaka Yokota

Genetic Algorithm Optimization of PID Controller for BrushedDC Motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427A. A. M. Zahir, S. S. N. Alhady, W. A. F. W. Othman and M. F. Ahmad

SKF-Based Image Template Matching for Distance Measurementby Using Stereo Vision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439Nurnajmin Qasrina Ann, Dwi Pebrianti, Luhur Bayuaji,Mohd Razali Daud, Rosdiyana Samad, Zuwairie Ibrahim,Rosyati Hamid and Mohammad Syafrullah

Butterfly Species Recognition Using Artificial Neural Network . . . . . . . 449S. S. N. Alhady and Xin Yong Kai

Investigation of Steering Wheel Control of an Electric BuggyCar for Designing Fuzzy Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459Hafiz Halin, Wan Khairunizam, K. Ikram, Hasri Haris, S. A. Bakar,Z. M. Razlan, I. Zunaidi and H. Desa

Statistical Pattern Recognition as an After Service for StatisticalProcess Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469Norazlin Nasir, A. Y. Bani Hashim, Muhammad Hafidz Fazli Md Fauadiand Teruaki Ito

Visual Based Distance Recognition Technique by Using PixyCMUcam5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479M. F. Ahmad, S. S. N. Alhady, Wan Rahiman,W. A. F. W. Othman and A. A. M. Zahir

Contents xv

Parallel Guided Image Processing Model for Ficus Deltoidea(Jack) Moraceae Varietal Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487Ahmad Fakhri Ab. Nasir, Ahmad Shahrizan Abdul Ghaniand M. Nordin A. Rahman

Part IV Instrumentation

Ontological Framework of Arm Gesture Information for the HumanUpper Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507Wan Khairunizam, K. Ikram, S. A. Bakar, Z. M. Razlan and I. Zunaidi

RGB Classification Determination with Different Light Intensity UsingPixy CMUcam5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517M. F. Ahmad, S. S. N. Alhady, Wan Rahiman, W. A. F. W. Othmanand A. A. M. Zahir

Detection of Metallic Contaminant in Aluminium Soda Can UsingTMR Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527Nurul A’in Nadzri, Mohd Mawardi Saari, Saifuddin Razali,Mohd Rusllim Mohamed and Hamzah Ahmad

Performance Evaluation of Distributed Gain Offered by RamanAmplifier in WDM and EDFA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537M. Z. H. Jesmeen, J. Hossen, Thangavel Bhuvaneswari, M. A. Hasnayeen,J. Emerson Raja and K. Tawsif

Vehicle Detection System Using Tunnel Magnetoresistance Sensor . . . . 547Nurul A’in Nadzri, Chai Kar Hoe, Mohd Mawardi Saari, Saifuddin Razali,Mohd Razali Daud and Hamzah Ahmad

Ergonomic Study on Wrist Rehabilitation Therapy(WRist-T) Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557Nurul Ain Abdul Shukor, Idris Mat Sahat andMohd Azrul Hisham Mohd Adib

Pressure Transient Characteristic in Fluid Condition During Openedand Closed Water Line Based on Experimental Method . . . . . . . . . . . . 565Syarizal Bakri, Ihsan Ismail, Ahmad Anas Yusof and Suhaimi Misha

Electronic Water Balancing Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573Cheow Kah Chun, Ahmad Shahrizan Abdul Ghani, Ker Shao Jiun,Nur Syazwani Abdul Gani, Muhamad Izdhar Zakiand Ahmad Fakhri Ab. Nasir

Development of a Soccer Ball Launching Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591Mohd Hasnun Arif Hassan, Zahari Taha, Mohd Ali Hanafiah Shaharudin,Lim Kok Wee and Zulfika Anuar

xvi Contents

Part V Modelling and Simulation

A Study on the Exposure of Vertical Vibration Towards the Brain onSeated Human Driver Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601Nurul Afiqah Zainal, Muhammad Aizzat Zakaria and K. Baarath

An Investigation on the Effect of Lateral Motion on Normal ForcesActing on Each Tires for Nonholonomic Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611K. Baarath, Muhammad Aizzat Zakaria and Nurul Afiqah Zainal

Numerical Analysis of Fuzzy Logic Temperature and HumidityControl System in Pharmaceutical Warehouse Using MATLABFuzzy Toolbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623Nurainaa Elias, Nafrizuan Mat Yahya and Er Hong Sing

Parameter Properties of a Sliding Mode Controller Designin Friction Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631N. A. Rafan, Zamberi Jamaludin, Tsung Heng Chiew and N. A. Mulop

System Interface Design for CAD/CAM-Simulink Data ExchangeSystem Using MATLAB

®. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639

N. Mat Seman, Zamberi Jamaludin and Mohamad Minhat

Single-Solution Simulated Kalman Filter Algorithm for Routingin Printed Circuit Board Drilling Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649Nor Hidayati Abdul Aziz, Zuwairie Ibrahim, Nor Azlina Ab Aziz,Zulkifli Md. Yusof and Mohd Saberi Mohamad

Performance Evaluation of Random Search Based Methodson Model-Free Wind Farm Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657Mok Ren Hao, Mohd Ashraf Ahmad, Raja Mohd Taufika Raja Ismailand Ahmad Nor Kasruddin Nasir

The Development of Graphical Overall Equipment EffectivenessInterface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671Norazlin Nasir, Teruaki Ito, A. Y. Bani Hashimand Muhammad Hafidz Fazli Md Fauadi

Effect of Length on Pressure Characteristic in the Water HydraulicMain Line Circuit Using Simulink-Simscape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685Ihsan Ismail, Syarizal Bakri, Ahmad Anas Yusof and Suhaimi Misha

An Enhancement in Control Laws of Super Twisting Sliding ModeServo Drive Controller Using Hyperbolic Tangent Functionand Arc Tangent Smoothing Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695Zamberi Jamaludin, Tsung Heng Chiew, A. Y. Bani Hashim,Lokman Abdullah and N. A. Rafan

Contents xvii

Finite Element Analysis of Strand Burner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705M. Hafizi, M. M. Noor, R. Mamat, A. Aziz and A. T. Termizi

High Precision Estimation on Physical Behavior for Cuttingwith Various Tool Rake Angle by Finite Element Method . . . . . . . . . . . 715Ahmad Shahir Jamaludin, Hosokawa Akira, Tatsuaki Furumoto,Tomohiro Koyano and Yohei Hashimoto

xviii Contents

Contributors

M. Nordin A. Rahman Faculty of Informatics and Computing, Universiti SultanZainal Abidin, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia

Nor Azlina Ab Aziz Faculty of Engineering and Technology, MultimediaUniversity, Melaka, Malaysia

Ahmad Fakhri Ab. Nasir Innovative Manufacturing, Mechatronics, and SportsLab (IMAMS), Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang,Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia

Khairil Ashraf Ab. Rahim Robotics and Unmanned Research Group (RUS),Instrument & Control Engineering (ICE) Cluster, Faculty of Electrical and Elec-tronics Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

Mohd Fadzil Faisae Ab. Rashid Manufacturing Focus Group, Faculty ofMechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, Malaysia

Jeefferie Abd Razak Advanced Manufacturing Center, Faculty of ManufacturingEngineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal, Melaka,Malaysia

Fazilah Abdul Aziz Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti MalaysiaPahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia; Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering,Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

Nor Hidayati Abdul Aziz Faculty of Engineering and Technology, MultimediaUniversity, Melaka, Malaysia; Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, Malaysia

Nur Syazwani Abdul Gani Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Pahang, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia

xix

Ahmad Shahrizan Abdul Ghani Innovative Manufacturing, Mechatronics, andSports Lab (IMAMS), Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti MalaysiaPahang, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia

Anwar P. P. Abdul Majeed Innovative Manufacturing, Mechatronics and SportsLaboratory, Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang,Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

A. R. Abdul Manaf Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti MalaysiaPahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

Nurul Ain Abdul Shukor Medical Engineering & Health Intervention Team(MedEHiT), Human Engineering Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

Azriee Abdullah Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti MalaysiaPahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

Lokman Abdullah Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti TeknikalMalaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

Mohamad Razali Abdullah Faculty of Applied Social Sciences, Universiti SultanZainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia

Muhammad Amirul Abdullah Innovative Manufacturing, Mechatronics andSports Laboratory, Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti MalaysiaPahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

Nor Rul Hasma Abdullah Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, Malaysia

Elmi Abu Bakar School of Aerospace Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia,Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia

F. A. Adnan Innovative Manufacturing, Mechatronics and Sports Lab (iMAMS),Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan,Pahang, Malaysia

Hamzah Ahmad Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Pahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

M. F. Ahmad School of Electric and Electronic, Engineering Campus UniversitiSains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia

Mohd Ashraf Ahmad Instrumentation & Control Engineering Research Group(ICE), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan,Pahang, Malaysia

Rabiah Ahmad Faculty of Information and Communication Technology,Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

xx Contributors

Salah Addin Amin Ahmed School of Mechatronic Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia

Hosokawa Akira Institute of Science and Technology, Kanazawa University,Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan

S. S. N. Alhady School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti SainsMalaysia, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia

Muhammad Muaz Alim Innovative Manufacturing, Mechatronics and SportsLaboratory, Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang,Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

Mohd Rizal Alkahari Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti TeknikalMalaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

Aminuddin Aman Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti TeknikalMalaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

Nur Amira Anang Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti TeknikalMalaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

Mohammad Firdaus Ani Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, UniversitiTeknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia; Tokushima Malaysia AcademicCenter (TMAC), Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Department of Infor-mation Science and Intelligent System, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan

Nurnajmin Qasrina Ann Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, Malaysia

Zulfika Anuar Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang,Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

M. R. Arshad Underwater, Control Robotics Research Group (UCRG), School ofElectrical and Electronic Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti SainsMalaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

A. Aziz Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan,Malaysia

Noor’ain Azizan Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti TeknikalMalaysia Melaka (UTeM), Durian Tunggal, Malaysia

K. Baarath Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang,Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

S. A. Bakar School of Mechatronic, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia

Contributors xxi

Syarizal Bakri Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal MalaysiaMelaka, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

A. Y. Bani Hashim Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University,Tokushima-shi, Tokushima, Japan; Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering,Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

Luhur Bayuaji Faculty of Computer Science and Software Engineering,Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Malaysia; Magister of Computer Science,Universitas Budi Luhur, South Jakarta, Indonesia

Thangavel Bhuvaneswari Faculty of Engineering and Technology, MultimediaUniversity, Ayer Keroh, Melaka, Malaysia

Nurul Akmal Che Lah Innovative Manufacturing, Mechatronics and Sports Lab(iMAMS), Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang,Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

Tsung Heng Chiew Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti TeknikalMalaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

Cheow Kah Chun Innovative Manufacturing, Mechatronics, and Sports Lab(IMAMS), Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang,Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia

Mohd Razali Daud Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Pahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

H. Desa Advanced Computing and Sustainable School of Mechatronic, UniversitiMalaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia

Nurainaa Elias Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, University MalaysiaPahang (UMP), Pekan, Malaysia

J. Emerson Raja Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Multimedia University,Ayer Keroh, Melaka, Malaysia

N. Fatchurrohman Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti MalaysiaPahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

Minoru Fukumi Department of Information Science and Intelligent System,Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan

Yasuhiro Fukuoka Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, College ofEngineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Japan

Tatsuaki Furumoto Institute of Science and Technology, Kanazawa University,Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan

Athira Ghazali Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Melaka, Malaysia

xxii Contributors

Zakri Ghazalli Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang,Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

Jee Boon Goh Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti TeknikalMalaysia, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

M. Hafizi Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan,Malaysia

Hafiz Halin Advanced Computing and Sustainable School of Mechatronic,Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia

Ruzy Haryati Hambali Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, UniversitiTeknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Durian Tunggal, Malaysia

Zamzuri Hamedon Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti MalaysiaPahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

Rosyati Hamid Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Pahang, Pekan, Malaysia

Mok Ren Hao Instrumentation & Control Engineering Research Group (ICE),Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, Pahang,Malaysia

Yong Hooi Hao Electrical & Instrument Department, CNI Engineering Costruc-tion Sdn. Bhd, Johor, Malaysia

Hasri Haris Advanced Computing and Sustainable School of Mechatronic,Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia

Muhammad Haziq Hasbulah Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, UniversitiTeknikal Malaysia, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

Yohei Hashimoto Institute of Science and Technology, Kanazawa University,Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan

M. A. Hasnayeen International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong,Bangladesh

M. H. Hassan School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia,Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Mohd Hasnun Arif Hassan Innovative Manufacturing, Mechatronics and SportsLaboratory, Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang,Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

Contributors xxiii

M. Hisham Nordin Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti TeknikalMalaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

Chai Kar Hoe Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Universiti MalaysiaPahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

J. Hossen Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Multimedia University, AyerKeroh, Melaka, Malaysia

Lim Thiam Hwee Psychosocial Department, SOCSO Tun Razak RehabilitationCenter, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

Ahmad Najmuddin Ibrahim Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Pahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

Zuwairie Ibrahim Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Pahang, Pekan, Malaysia; Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering,Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, Malaysia

K. Ikram Advanced Computing and Sustainable School of Mechatronic,Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia

Ihsan Ismail Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal MalaysiaMelaka, Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia

Momoyo Ito Department of Information Science and Intelligent System,Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan

Teruaki Ito Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal MalaysiaMelaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

Fairul Azni Jafar Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti TeknikalMalaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

Ahmad Shahir Jamaludin Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Pahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

J. Jamaludin Faculty of Engineering, Technology and Built Environment, UCSIUniversity Kuala Lumpur, Taman Taynton View, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Zamberi Jamaludin Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti TeknikalMalaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

M. Z. H. Jesmeen Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Multimedia Univer-sity, Ayer Keroh, Melaka, Malaysia

Ker Shao Jiun Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti MalaysiaPahang, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia

xxiv Contributors

Xin Yong Kai School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Universiti SainsMalaysia, George Town, Malaysia

Najwa Kamarudin Advanced Manufacturing Center, Faculty of ManufacturingEngineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal, Melaka,Malaysia

Seri Rahayu Kamat Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti TeknikalMalaysia Melaka (UTeM), Durian Tunggal, Malaysia; Tokushima Malaysia Aca-demic Center (TMAC), Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan

Wan Khairunizam Advanced Computing and Sustainable School of Mecha-tronic, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia

Tomohiro Koyano Institute of Science and Technology, Kanazawa University,Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan

H. Y. Lim Innovative Manufacturing, Mechatronics & Sports Laboratory(IMAMS), Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang,Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

Madihah Maharof Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti TeknikalMalaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

R. Mamat Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang,Pekan, Malaysia

Mahasan Mat Ali Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti TeknikalMalaysia, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

Idris Mat Sahat Medical Engineering & Health Intervention Team (MedEHiT),Human Engineering Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Pahang, Pekan, Malaysia

N. Mat Seman Fakulti Kejuruteraan Pembuatan, Universiti Teknikal MalaysiaMelaka, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

Maziyah Mat-Noh Instrumentation and Control Engineering (ICE) Cluster, Fac-ulty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan,Pahang, Malaysia

Muhammad Hafidz Fazli Md Fauadi Institute of Technology and Science,Tokushima University, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima, Japan; Faculty of Manufac-turing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal, Melaka,Malaysia

Zulkifli Md. Yusof Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti MalaysiaPahang, Pekan, Malaysia

Zainah Md Zain Robotics and Unmanned Research Group (RUS), Instrument &Control Engineering (ICE) Cluster, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engi-neering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

Contributors xxv

Mohamad Minhat Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti TeknikalMalaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia

Suhaimi Misha Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal MalaysiaMelaka, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

Mohd Saberi Mohamad Faculty of Creative Technology and Heritage, UniversitiMalaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, Malaysia

Nor Rashidah Mohamad Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, UniversitiTeknikal Malaysia, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

Mohd Rusllim Mohamed Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering,Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

Ahamad Zaki Mohamed Noor Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, UniversitiTeknikal Malaysia, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

Mohd Azrul Hisham Mohd Adib Medical Engineering & Health InterventionTeam (MedEHiT), Human Engineering Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

Mohd Shahrieel bin Mohd Aras Faculty of Electrical Engineering, UniversitiTeknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

Mohd Jawad Mohd Jamil Faculty of Computer Systems and Software Engi-neering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia

Rosmiwati Mohd-Mokhtar Underwater, Control Robotics Research Group(UCRG), School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Engineering Campus,Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Rajandran Morthui Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti TeknikalMalaysia, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

Y. Mukai Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, JalanSultan Ahmad Shah, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

N. A. Mulop Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal MalaysiaMelaka, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

Masjuri Musa Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal MalaysiaMelaka, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

Rabiu Muazu Musa Innovative Manufacturing, Mechatronics and Sports Labo-ratory, Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan,Pahang, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Social Sciences, Universiti Sultan ZainalAbidin, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia

Zulkifli Musa Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Pahang, Pekan, Malaysia

xxvi Contributors

Mahfuzah Mustafa Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Pahang, Pekan, Malaysia

M. A. Mustapa School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Universiti SainsMalaysia, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia

Nurul A’in Nadzri Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Pahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

Ahmad Nor Kasruddin Nasir Instrumentation & Control Engineering ResearchGroup (ICE), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan,Pahang, Malaysia

Norazlin Nasir Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University,Tokushima-shi, Tokushima, Japan; Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering,Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal, Melaka,Malaysia

Mohamad Riduwan Md. Nawawi Faculty of Electrical Engineering, UniversitiTeknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

Nazurah Nazir Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal MalaysiaMelaka, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

Nik Mohd Zuki Nik Mohamed Manufacturing Focus Group, Faculty ofMechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, Malaysia

M. M. Noor Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang,Pekan, Malaysia

Mohd Khairi Mohamed Nor Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, UniversitiTeknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

Nurbahirah Norddin Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti TeknikalMalaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

A. R. Othman Mechanical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi Petro-nas, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia

Muhammad Azri Othman Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, UniversitiTeknikal Malaysia, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

W. A. F. W. Othman School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, UniversitiSains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia

Dwi Pebrianti Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Pahang, Pekan, Malaysia; Magister of Computer Science, UniversitasBudi Luhur, Jakarta, Indonesia

Goh Ming Qian Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Pahang, Pekan, Malaysia

Contributors xxvii

N. A. Rafan Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal MalaysiaMelaka, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

Wan Rahiman School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti SainsMalaysia, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia

Raja Mohd Taufika Raja Ismail Instrumentation & Control EngineeringResearch Group (ICE), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti MalaysiaPahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

Nur Syafiqah Rayme Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti TeknikalMalaysia Melaka (UTeM), Durian Tunggal, Malaysia

Saifuddin Razali Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Pahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

I. Razemi Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang,Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

Z. M. Razlan Advanced Computing and Sustainable School of Mechatronic,Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia

Mohd Azraai Mohd Razman Innovative Manufacturing, Mechatronics andSports Laboratory, Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti MalaysiaPahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

Indra Riyanto Department of Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,Universitas Budi Luhur, Jakarta, Indonesia

Awanis Romli Faculty of Computer Systems and Software Engineering, Univer-siti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia

Mohd Mawardi Saari Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Pahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

M. Juhairi Aziz Safar School of Mechatronic Engineering, Universiti MalaysiaPerlis, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia

Seha Saffar Centre of Graduates Studies, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka,Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

M. F. Sallehudin Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia,Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

Rosdiyana Samad Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Pahang, Pekan, Malaysia

Mohd Ali Hanafiah Shaharudin Innovative Manufacturing, Mechatronics andSports Lab (iMAMS), Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti MalaysiaPahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

Syamimi Shamsuddin Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Tekni-kal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Durian Tunggal, Malaysia

xxviii Contributors

Shamsul Anuar Shamsudin Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, UniversitiTeknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

Nor Sakinah Abdul Shukor Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering(FKEE), Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

Er Hong Sing Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, University MalaysiaPahang (UMP), Pekan, Malaysia

Nur Aisyah Syafinaz Suarin Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, Malaysia

Nazatul Sharreena Suhaimi Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering,Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

Mohammad Syafrullah Magister of Computer Science, Universitas Budi Luhur,Jakarta, Indonesia

Zahari Taha Innovative Manufacturing, Mechatronics and Sports Laboratory,Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan,Pahang, Malaysia

K. Tawsif Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Multimedia University, AyerKeroh, Melaka, Malaysia

A. T. Termizi Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang,Pekan, Malaysia

Wan Hasrulnizzam Wan Mahmood Faculty of Engineering Technology,Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Durian Tunggal, Malaysia

Lim Kok Wee Innovative Manufacturing, Mechatronics and Sports Lab(iMAMS), Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang,Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

Nafrizuan Mat Yahya Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, UniversityMalaysia Pahang (UMP), Pekan, Malaysia

Khairul Shah Affendy Yakof Medical Engineering & Health Intervention Team(MedEHiT), Human Engineering Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, Malaysia

Kazutaka Yokota Research Division of Design and Engineering for Sustain-ability, Graduate School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya-shi,Japan

Ahmad Anas Yusof Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti TeknikalMalaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

Nor Fazlin Zabudin Medical Engineering & Health Intervention Team (MedE-HiT), Human Engineering Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Pahang, Pekan, Malaysia

Contributors xxix

A. A. M. Zahir School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti SainsMalaysia, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia

Najwa Wahida Zainal Abidin Manufacturing Focus Group, Faculty ofMechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, Malaysia

Nurul Afiqah Zainal Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti MalaysiaPahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

Muhammad Aizzat Zakaria Innovative Manufacturing, Mechatronics & SportsLaboratory (IMAMS), Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti MalaysiaPahang, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

Muhamad Izdhar Zaki Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, UniversitiMalaysia Pahang, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia

Muhammad Winal Zikril Zulkifli Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering,Universiti Teknikal Malaysia, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

I. Zunaidi Technopreneur at UniMAP Sdn. Bhd., Perlis, Malaysia

xxx Contributors