lecture 9: system fundamentals intro to it cosc1078 introduction to information technology lecture 9...
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Lecture 9: System Fundamentals Intro to IT
COSC1078 Introduction to Information Technology
Lecture 9
System FundamentalsJames Harland
Lecture 9: Computer Fundamentals
Intro to IT
Introduction to IT
1-4 Introduction, Images, Audio, Video
5 Computer Fundamentals Assignment 1, WebLearn Test 1
Tuesday March 30th, Wednesday March 31st
(no classes Thursday 1st April, Tuesday 6th April, Wednesday 7th April)
6 Computer Fundamentals
Tuesday April 13th, Wednesday April 14th
7 Computer Fundamentals /Review/Catch Up
8 Operating Systems WebLearn Test 1
9 Operating Systems Assignment 2
10 Internet
11 Internet Security WebLearn Test 3
12 Future of IT Assignment 3, Peer and Self Assessment
Lecture 9: Computer Fundamentals
Intro to IT
Overview
Questions?
WebLearn Test 1
Assignment 1
Computer Fundamentals
Questions?
Lecture 9: Computer Fundamentals Intro to IT
Web Test 1
Now Week 5 (this week)
Some quizzes (practice tests) available now
Rest & test available later this week
Content will be on weeks 2-4
Images
Audio
Video
Lecture 9: Computer Fundamentals Intro to IT
Assignment 1
Due date is 9.00am on Monday 12th April (1st day of Week 6)
Can submit now if you wish …
Do submit something soon
Only PDFs for report
Lecture 9: Computer Fundamentals Intro to IT
Introduction
Lecture 9: Computer Fundamentals Intro to IT
Overview
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Lecture 2: Computer Fundamentals Intro to IT
What do computers do? Compute!
Input/Output
Processing
Memory
Lecture 2: Computer Fundamentals Intro to IT
History
… Babbage’s Difference Engine (1849) Babbage’s Analytical Engine (1837-1871, never built) Turing’s Universal Machine (1936, mathematical
model) Turing digital Boolean-logic multiplier (1937) Colossus (1943, destroyed 1945) ENIAC (1946) Von Neumann architecture (c. 1945) EDVAC (1949)
Lecture 1: Introduction Intro to IT
Overview
“Thomas the Tank Engine”
Lecture 1: Introduction Intro to IT
Overview
Video
Audio
Text
Thumbnails
Lecture 9: Computer Fundamentals Intro to IT
Memory via `Flip flops’
or
and
not1
00
0 0 0
0
0
1
Lecture 9: Computer Fundamentals Intro to IT
Memory via `Flip flops’
or
and
not0
11
1 1 1
1
0
Lecture 9: Computer Fundamentals Intro to IT
Memory via `Flip flops’
Can design other versions of flip-flops
Shows how circuits can be designed using AND, OR, NOT (NAND, NOR, XOR, …) in combinations (gates)
Hierarchy and abstraction
Shows how electric circuits can store values
Lecture 9: Computer Fundamentals Intro to IT
Computer Memory
Cells of 8 bits each (one byte)
Most significant bit
Least significant bit
……
address
Lecture 9: Computer Fundamentals Intro to IT
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Random access means any cell can be accessed at any time (and in any order)
Volatile – contents cleared when machine is switched off
Very fast compared to other forms of memory
DRAM: dynamic RAM (replenishes charges constantly)
SDRAM: synchronous DRAM – faster still
Often have small very fast caches and registers
Lecture 9: Computer Fundamentals Intro to IT
Magnetic Disk
Thin spinning metal disk with magnetic coating
Each disk contains a number of circular tracks
Often several disks stacked on top of each other
Cylinders made up of tracks made up of sectors
Can have very large storage this way
Slow access time!
Lecture 9: Computer Fundamentals Intro to IT
Magnetic Disk (Hard Disk)
Seek time: move heads from one track to anotherLatency time: half time for complete disk rotationAccess time: seek time + latency timeTransfer rate: rate data can be read from disk
`Typical’ Hard disk
Seek time: 2ms to 15msLatency time: 8ms to 20msTransfer rate: 0.5 GB per second
Sounds fast, but is actually quite slow …
Lecture 9: Computer Fundamentals Intro to IT
Optical Disks (CDs, DVDs)
Laser readers rather than magnetic ones
Disks more error-tolerant than magnetic ones
Type Features Date Storage
CD “compact disk” 1984 800MB
DVD Multiple layers 1995 15GB
Blu-ray `blue laser’
(405 vs 650 nm)
2004 100GB
Lecture 9: Computer Fundamentals Intro to IT
Flash Drives
Disks of all sorts are slow compared to other circuits
Flash drives ‘write’ small electronic circuits
Eventually decay after many changes of data
Suitable for slow-changing data, not main memory
Portable and much more resilient than disks
Lecture 9: Computer Fundamentals Intro to IT
Older Storage Types
Magnetic tape
`Floppy’ disk (5.25’’ disk)
3.5’’ disk
Lecture 9: Computer Fundamentals Intro to IT
Assignment 1
Use GIMP (or a similar tool) to perform some manipulations on an image
Address two issues in relation to this
Lab classes 2 and 3 based around GIMP
Main emphasis is on process, not result!
Is in the Learning Hub
SUBMIT VIA WEBLEARN
SUBMIT IT!NOW!!
Lecture 9: Computer Fundamentals Intro to IT
Conclusion
Web Test this week (week 5)
Do online quizzes later this week
Keep reading! (book particularly)