lecture 7 handouts

7/17/2019 Lecture 7 Handouts

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Lecture 7: The American Civil Occupation (Part 2: 1913 – 1935)•Stewart A. Young, Ph.D.•History 166•Philippine History

overnor !ranci" #urton $arri"on (1913 – 1921)•Began his term in Sept. 2, 191•!ormer "ongressman #rom $ew Yor%& ser'e( as the "hairman o# )aysan( *eans "ommittee•He was (etermine( to help the !ilipinos prepare themsel'es #or+n(epen(ene

“Philippines for Filipinos”•During Harrison-s +naugural Speeh, he rea( a #rom message #rom the

S Presi(ent )oo(row )ilson /Demorat0

“We regard ourselves as trustees acting not for the advantage of theUnited States, but for the benet of the people of the Philippine Islands---- Every step we tae will be taen with a view to the ulti!ateindependence of the islands and as preparation for independence" #ndwe hope the per!anent interest of the islands will per!it" #fter eachstep taen e$perience will guide us to the ne$t"%

!ilipino %a&orit' in the Commi""ion

•Prior to 191 the Amerians ha'e (ominate( the Philippine"ommission•# the 9 seats, 3 seats o# the "ommission were oupie( 4yAmerians while only 5 were gi'en to !ilipinos•Presi(ent )ilson appointe( 3 !ilipinos to the Philippine "ommission/pper House07a#ael Palma, 8itorino *apa, 8iente +llustre, aime ". (e 8eyra an(8iente Singson :narnaion•;his unpree(ente( mo'e allows the !ilipinos to ha'e a lear ma<orityin 4oth the pper an( =ower Houses /Philippine Assem4ly0•;he Passage o# the ones =aw

•As early as 1912 S "ongressman )illiam At%inson ones /D0intro(ue( to "ongress the >rst o# the Philippine +n(epen(ene Bills•+t sought to grant #ull in(epen(ene to Philippines 4y 1921 howe'er,it (i( not pass•But a#ter se'eral re'isions an( muh heate( (e4ate the ones Bill wasappro'e( 4y the S "ongress on t. 15, 1915•Amerian Sentiments 'er the Philippines•Amerians were split o'er the progress o# the !ilipinos

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The Pa""ae o the *one" La+•*onths o# (e4ates ontinue( in Senate with o4<etion #rom the7epu4lians an( Demorati?"atholi Blo

•+ntense lo44ying #rom the Philippine 7esi(ent "ommissioners *anuel:arnshaw an( *anuel @ueon•+t passe( with the narrowest margin+t was tie( 51 to 51;he tie was 4ro%en 4y the Senate Present /S 8ie?Presi(ent ;homas7. *arshall0•Signe( into =aw 4y Presi(ent )ilson on August 29, 1916

*one" La+ an, overnance•;he ones =aw was a Amerian?ma(e "onstitution

•o'ernmental #untions are (i'i(e( into eCeuti'e, legislati'e an( <u(iiary #untionsE$ecutive•Hea(e( 4y an Amerian o'ernor eneral, appointe( 4y the SPresi(ent with onsent 4y the S Senate•Assiste( 4y a "a4inet o# 'arious (epartments /inlu(ing the Se. o#Pu4li +nstrution who also ser'es as the 8ie?o'ernor0

*one" La+ an, overnance&egislative

•:lete( 4iameral legislature•;he pper House Senate /replae( Philippine "ommission025 Senators /22 elete( an( 2 appointe( 4y the o'ernor eneral torepresent the non?"hristian !ilipinos•;he =ower House House o# 7epresentati'es9 7epresentati'es /5 elete( an( 9 appointe(0

*one" La+ an, overnance 'udicial•Supreme "ourt"hie# <ustie an( Assoiate usties

!ilipinos an( Amerians /appointe( 4y the Presi(ent with the onsento# the S Senate•"ourt o# !irst +nstane•;he ustie o# the Peae "ourts

*one" La+: -iht" an, -e"triction"•Bill o# 7ights

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De>nes !ilipino "itienship7esi(ent "ommissioners to the SSoun( Bu(getary Systemrante( reat Powers to the $ew o'ernment•"ontrol pu4li (omain

•+mpose tariEs

•7estritions8eto power o# the S Presi(ent an( o'. eneral o'er the Philippine=egislatureAppro'al o# hanges in oinage an( urreny laws"ongressional regulation o'er Phil?Amerian tra(eAppeal o# ertain ases o# Philippine Supreme "ourt to the SSupreme "ourt•o'?eneral !. B. Harrison "a4inet n(er the ones =aw•"a4inet was organie( on anuary 11, 191F

Se. o# +nterior 7a#ael PalmaSe. o# !inane Al4erto BarrettoSe. o# "ommere an( "ommuniations Dionsio a%osalemSe. o# Agriulture an( $atural 7esoures aliano Apai4le8ie?o'ernor an( eC?oGio Se. o# Pu4li +nstrution ? "harles Yeater•Harrison ontinue( to wor% well with the =egislature un(er thelea(ership o# Spea%er Sergio smea

The Council o .tate•"reate( 4y :Ceuti'e r(er $o. F, to4er 16, 191

•Bo(y was omprise( o#;he Seretaries o# the 'arious Departments;he Senate Presi(ent;he Spea%er o# the House o# 7epresentati'es•;heir role was to a('ise the go'ernor general on important matters,to prepare 4u(gets an( to (etermine poliies o# the (iEerent eCeuti'e(epartments•;his was to promote a lose wor%ing relationship 4etween theeCeuti'e an( the legislati'e towar(s national progress

/orl, /ar 1 an, the !ilipino Lo'alt' (1910 – 191)•;he Philippine =egislature rallie( 4ehin( the Amerians•;he Philippine =egislature authorie( an( supporte( the onstrutiono# a Destroyer an( a Su4marine #or the Amerian $a'y•!ilipinos ontri4ute( P1,III,III to the 7e( "ross•Su4sri4e to o'er P25,III,III in =i4erty =oans•'er 6,III !ilipinos enliste( in the S Army•;housan(s o# !ilipinos 'olunteere(



The !ilipiniation o the Civil .ervice•Harrison 'irtually transfor!ed “a govern!ent of #!ericans aided by(ilipinos to one of (ilipinos assisted by #!ericans%

•;his is e'i(ent with the num4er o# !ilipino wor%ing in "i'il Ser'ie+n 191 2,66 Amerians an( 6,6 !ilipinos in "i'il Ser'ieBy 1921 615 Amerians an( 1,25I !ilipinos in "i'il Ser'ie

overnment in #u"ine""•!or the purpose o# aelerating eonomi growth ? ma<ority sto%swere 4ought an( owne( 4y the go'ernment•Boar( o# "ontrol onsiste( o# the o'ernor eneral, the Presi(ent o#the Philippine Senate an( the Spea%er o# the House o# 7epresentati'es

overnment in #u"ine""•o'ernment AJuire( an( wne( "ompaniesPhilippine )ational *an /19160+anila ailroad o!pany.he +anila /otel were purhase( 4y the go'ernment$ational De'elopment "ompany$ational "oal "ompany$ational "ement "ompany$ational Petroleum "ompany an( $ational +ron "ompany /wereauthorie( 4y the =egislature 4ut were not organie(0

•Progress n(er Harrison•Harrison en<oye( the longest tenure among the Amerian o'ernoreneral;he Harrisonian :ra /191 19210•He was a politial li4eral an( interprete( the ones =aw li4erally•He was lo'e( 4y the !ilipinos•He was hate( 4y the Ameria :Cpatriate "ommunity in the Philippines

! # $arri"ion4" Leac' (1913 1921)•!. B. Harrison was on'ine( that the 4est metho( o# preparing

!ilipinos #or in(epen(ene was to gi'e them as many opportunities aspossi4le in running their internal aEairs•He ga'e the !ilipinos the #ullest measure o# autonomy in the spirit o#the ones =aw /to prepare itsel# #or e'entual in(epen(ene0•He emphasie( the ati'e plaement o# !ilipinos in i'il ser'iepositions /in eCpense o# the Amerians0•He un(ersores the han(s?on approah to go'ernment an(inter(epartmental olla4oration

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•;his ulminate( in the Passage o# the ones At in 1916, whihannoune( the .S. intention o# granting Philippine in(epen(ene.•;he :n( o# ;he Harrisionian :ra /D0•;he resignation o# !. B. Harrison(ue to )arren . Har(ing 0epublican1 elete( as Presi(ent o# the S

/192I0•+nterim Ating o'ernor Yeater until /t. 13, 19210•HarrisionKs )ill in(iate( that he woul( li%e to 4e interre( in thePhilippines upon his (eath•HarrisionKs tom4 in *anilaKs $orth "emetery

•A #at >n(ing mission sent 4y the newly elete( The /oo,!or6e"%i""ion (1921)S Presi(ent )arren . Har(ing /70 to >n( out the status o# thePhilippines

•;he 7epu4lians were not on'ine( that the Philippine weresuGiently prepare( #or +n(epen(ene espeially a#ter the !. B.Harrison Years•;hey ommissione( en. =eonar( )oo( an( ). "ameron !or4es

overnor Leonar, /oo, (1921 – 1927)•)oo(Ks statement o# purpose at his +nauguration•“It is !y purpose, as far as I a! able, to establish a condition ofgovern!ent characteri2ed by econo!y, e3ciency, !orality, anddevotion on part of all o3cials to the best interest of the govern!ent

--- a govern!ent of the people by their representatives to the e$tent provided by the 'ones &aw"%

The Per"onalit' o ov /oo,•o'. =eonar( )oo( was an a4le, honest, priniple( an( highlyeGient a(ministrator•Howe'er, he was not 'ery (iplomati, tat#ul an( la%s personalharm•He too% a 'ery onser'ati'e stan( towar(s the implementation o# the ones =aw

•He 4eame 'ery highly unpopular among the !ilipino politiians)oo( was 'iewe( as an antithesis o# Harrison•He 'etoe( 16 Bills that were passe( 4y the Philippine =egislature(uring his >rst year in oGe•+n ontrast Harrison only 'etoe( 3 (uring his year tenure aso'ernor

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ov /oo,4" .ho+,o+n +ith the !ilipino Lea,er"•L;he "onley AEairM•Deteti'e 7ay "onley in the *anila polie #ore who was suspen(e(4y Dr. ose P. =aurel, Se. o# +nterior•o'. )oo( inter'ene( an( or(ere( =aurel to reinstate "onley

•=aurel o4eye( an( resigne(•*any !ilipino mem4ers o# the "a4inet an( the "ounil o# Stateresigne( on uly 1F, 192•;he L"a4inet "risis o# 192M

ov /oo, .ho+,o+n +ith the !ilipino Lea,er"•o'. )oo( aepte( their resignation an( ontinue( to run stateaEairs•He >lle( their 'aant position with his military a('isors /!ilipinosre#erre( to as the “alvary or 4hai abinet% 0

•!ilipinos appeale( to )ashington #or )oo(Ks remo'al #rom Ge•Presi(ent "al'in "ooli(ge supporte( )oo( an( re4u%e( the !ilipino=ea(ers #or their non?ooperation•o'. )oo(Ks ther +nititati'es•o'. )oo( A4olishe( the "ounil o# StateHe (elare( that it was unonstitutional sine this powers waseClusi'ely inten(e( #or the "hie# :Ceuti'e•Against the o'ernment in Business +nitiati'e

ov /oo,4" Leacie"

•7emo'e( ra#t an( $epotism•+nstitute( Pu4li Health=eper "olony•7eha4ilitate( the !inane•+mpro'ement in the u(iiary•:(uational Progress•Pu4li r(er During "alamities an( Disasters

eath o ov /oo,•)hile 'aationing in the nite( States, )oo( (ies on August F, 192F.

•His (eath was ause( 4y a 4rain hemorrhage (ue to a tumor

ov $enr' .tim"on (192 – 1929)•;he short a(ministration o# o'. Stimson was %nown as the “Era ofooperation%•He suee(e( where o'. )oo( !aile(

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•During his inaugural he stresse( eonomi (e'elopment 4ut the nee(#or “sy!pathetic and cordial cooperation with the Philippine&egislators and the (ilipino People% •Yet, he (i( not 4elie'e that the Philippines was >t #or +n(epen(ene

ov $enr' .tim"on (192 – 1929)•He “hobnobbed and taled freely with the local leaders% •He selete( the pratie o# appointing a4inet mem4ers a#ter heonsulte( with the loal lea(ers•He 7eesta4lishe( the "ounil o# the State /4anne( 4y )oo(0•He amen(e( the rules o# the =egislati'e proe(ure4y whih a4inet mem4ers were gi'en rights to spea% on the Noor o#any two ham4ers on su4<ets relating to their (epartments

ov $enr' .tim"on (192 – 1929)•+mpro'ement in the u(iiary =aw reJuiring the =aw to 4e in :nglish"leanup the orruption among the ran%s on pu4li ser'ie;he appointment o# <u(ges to settle lan( laims•:onomi =egislationr(ere( an in(epen(ent eonomi sur'ey o# the Philippines/=ammon( P. Hammon(, $ew Yor% eonomist0.;his allows his go'ernment to 4etter plan an( alloate the use o# lan(more eEeti'ely•Stimson 7esigne( /!e4. 26, 19290 when he 4eame the Seretary o#State #or Presi(ent Her4ert Hoo'er

+iht ! avi" (1929 – 1932) (-)•He was "al'in "ooli(geKs )ar SeretaryA Blue?4loo( in Ameria /!ather was a #ormer *ayor o# St. =ouis0A'i( ;ennis player /:sta4lishe( the Da'is "up with a sum o# money heontri4ute(0•He sought to ooperate with the !ilipino lea(ership /@ueon, smeaan( 7oCas0

ov avi"4 8Point Proram1.A o'ernmental system in whih the !ilipinos will 4e in harge o# thea(ministrati'e an( legislati'e #untions an( Amerian oGials atingonly as eCperts or a('isors2.De'elopment o# !ilipino :Cperts in agriultural, in(ustrial, an(sienti> stu(ies.Di'ersi>ation o# agriulture an( in(ustry in the Philippines

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5."lose ooperation 4etween Amerian an( !ilipino apital in the(e'elopment o# the resoures o# the ountry3."lose ooperation 4etween the eCeuti'e an( the insular legislature6.+mpro'ements o# the on(itions o# the masses through e(uation

+iht ! avi" (1929 – 1932) (-)•:onomi De'elopment was Da'isK Priority /Politial De'elopment upto the "ongress0He personally 'isite( 5 out the 59He sur'eye( the eonomi on(itions*a(e reommen(ations to the =egislatures what nee(e( to 4e (one•A ra#t BusterA(ministrati'e in'estigations were un(erta%en in the "i'il Ser'ieBureau an( in the Bureau o# Prisons, resulting in the (ismissal o# anum4er o# erring employees

•u(iiary 7e#orm

+iht ! avi" (1929 – 1932) (-)•oo(will ;rips to $eigh4oring "ountriesAlong with the !ilipino =egislature they went to se'eral neigh4oringountries 0Indo-hina, Sia!, +alaya, )etherlands 5utch Indies, 'ava1;he Philippines was 4ehin( in terms o# eonomi (e'elopmentYet the employees were 4etter pai( an( 4etter are( #or an( thepolitial autonomy were muh more esta4lishe(•"ongressional 8isitO L=i4erty Para(esM

;he 'isit o# 2 S senators Henry B. Hawes an( ey Pittman ame tostu(y !ilipino attitu(es in regar(s to in(epen(ene*ore than 2II,III hel( a =i4erty Para(e in #ront o# the =egislati'eBuil(ing•o'. Da'is 7esigne( to ta%e are o# his si% wi#e in :urope

Theo,ore -oo"evelt *r (1932 – 1935) (-)•Son o# ;heo(ore 7oose'elt•His “Si!ple and Practical Woring Plan% •His :mphasis

:onomi growthSoial wel#are$ational goo( healthA soun( system o# law•“ad!inistration without fear or favor% •to 4e applie( to 4oth the poor an( the rih ali%e an( e(uation #or allan( not <ust a #ew.



Au"terit' %ea"ure"•:Ceuti'e :onomy•"alle( a meeting o# the "ounil o# State an( instrute( them to7e(ue( all appropriations an( 4u(gets 4y 1IQ

"ut salaries o# all go'ernment employees #rom 3Q to 1IQSur'eye( /au(it0 e'ery 4ranh o# go'ernment:n(e( the year with almost 2 million pesos net surplus•=egislati'e 7eorganiation towar( :Gieny an( ;ranspareny•Stimulating the :onomy•Ai( #or Small !armers=a% or non?pro(uti'ely will not 4e an eCuse #or non?payment o#taCes:nourage( rop (i'ersi>ation:nat laws to oEer loans an( >nanial assistane to #armers•"ommunity Assem4lies

+n#ormation ampaignsOletures are on(ute( on ommunity le'el*ostly on(ute( 4y teahers un(er the Bureau o# :(uationo'. 7oose'elt also on(ute( these personally in 5 out o# 59Pro'ines

.timulatin the conom'•Ai(ing the +n(ustrial )or%ers /*anila an( other +n(ustrial ities0•;he passage o# the “.he Seven &abor *ills% 1.*e(ial treatment2.7egulating employment agenies

.uarantee payment o# la4or5.+nsol'eny =aws pre#erential treatment o# employees3.Stan(ar(iing the !ees o# money len(ers6.Amen(ment o# ;o%ens /gratuities0 BillsF.Authoriation o# the *uniipal Boar( o# *anila to (istri4ute #reeme(iines to the poor

Theo,ore -oo"evelt *r (1932 – 1935)•;ariE *easures7aise re'enues

;he Anti?Dumping =awto protet home in(ustries #rom heap la4or an( pro(uts #rom "hina, apan an( other neigh4oring ountries•)omenKs 7ights

overnor !ran %urph' (1933 – 1935) ()•Appointe( 4y !ran%lin D. 7oose'elt was elete( in *arh, 19

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He was a =awyer, a =aw Pro#essor, u(ge in the 7eor(erKs Ge,o'ernor o# DetroitHe was an +(ealist•;he =ast o'ernor eneral o# the Philippine +slan(s /P. +.0 an( !irst o#the "ommonwealth

•;he !irst High "ommissioner /196 1951& 1953 ? 19560 un(er thePhilippine "ommonwealth•=ater 4eame S Attorney eneral an( Assoiate ustie in the SSupreme "ourt

overnor !ran %urph' (1933 – 1935)•Sol'e( the Shooling "risis'er 2,III shools lose( (ue to la% o# #un(sHe sought #un(ing #rom the pri'ate setor as well as #rom thego'ernment

He pleas with the statement•“a govern!ent is banrupt indeed if it cannot nd !oney to educatethe youth% •Soial )el#are to help the Poor an( $ee(y•Pu4li De#en(erKs Ge•)omanKs 7ight to 8ote Passe( /190

overnor !ran %urph' (1933 – 1935)•;he Sadalista prising in 193+n =aguna, Bulaan an( "a'ite

!oun(e( 4y Benigno 7amos•$ew *uslim Poliy•7a(ial group trie( to o'erthrow the go'ernment•"ongressional *ission to the Philippine+nitiate( 4y the Philippine =egislature

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