lecture 6 handouts

7/17/2019 Lecture 6 Handouts

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Lecture 6: The American Civil Occupation (Part 1: 1903 - 1913)•Stewart A. Young, Ph.D.•History 166•Philippine History

The Transition to Civil Governance•The Civil Governent in the Philippines was inaugurate! on "uly #,1$%1 with the inauguration o& "u!ge Howar! H. Ta&t, the Presi!ent o&the Se'on! Philippine Coission•As Chie& ()e'utive, Ta&t reaine! as the Presi!ent o& the *Ta&t+Coission•or transitional purposes, the -ilitary Governent 'ontinue! tooperate in 'ertain “un-pacifed Christian regions” until 1$% an! in the-oro lan! until 1$1/•The A!inistration o& Civil Governor Howar! H. Ta&t 02

The Ta&t (ra 01$%1 3 1$%/2

Challenges of the Taft Era•Continuing esistan'e 4 Guerilla 5ar&are•an!its 0tulisanes in 7u8on an! pulajanes in the 9isayas2 whoplun!ere! the provin'ial areas•('onoi' Distress 'ause! :y the war•Calaities;whi'h 'ae with the war 0sall po), 'holera, plague et'.2;<atural 'alaities ; !rought o& 1$%/ an! lo'ust plague in 1$%/

The Spooner Amendment 1901•Sen. "oseph Spooner =le! a :ill 0-ar. , 1$%12 giving unpre'e!ente!powers to the e)e'utive :ran'h in the !evelopent o& 'olonial poli'y inthe Philippines.•>t passe! in 1$%1 as part o& the Ary Appropriation ill“... all military, civil, and judicial powers necessary to govern thePhilippine Islands ... shall until otherwise provided by Congress bevested in such person and persons, and shall be eercised in suchmanner, as the President o! the "nited #tates shall direct, !or the

establishment o! civil government, and !or maintaining and protectingthe inhabitants o! said Islands in the !ree enjoyment o! their liberty, property, and religion.”

The Organic Act or The Philippine Bill of 1902•The ?S Congress passe! the @rgani' A't or the Philippine ill 0or theCooper ill2

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•>t was authore! :y Henry A. Cooper, A epu:li'an Congressan &ro5is'onsin•>t stipulates that a Philippine 7egislature is to :e 'reate! provi!e! that/ 'on!itions are et1.$he restoration o! peace in the Philippine Islands

.$he completion and publication o! a census/.$he lapse o! two years o! continued peace and recognition o! theauthority o! the "nited #tates

Some e! Provisions of The Philippine Bill of 1902•>t rati=es the previous a'ts o& the Presi!ent o& the ?nite! States withregar!s to the anageent o& the Philippine ABairs•De=nes the e)er'ise o& e)e'utive power :y the 'ivil governor whowoul! have several e)e'utive !epartents•>t e)ten!s the ill o& ights to the ilipino e)'ept &or the right o& trail

:y ury

Some e! Provisions of The Philippine Bill of 1902•The appointent o& two ilipino non3voting esi!ent Coissionersto 5ashington as Philippine epresentatives to the ?S Congress 0the=rst were sent in 1$% 3 Pablo %campo and &enito 'egarda2•Aong the ost iportant was -anuel Eue8on 01$%$ ; 1$162

"eligio#s Policies $nder the Americans

•Guarantees eligious ree!o•Separation o& Chur'h an! State Poli'y•>portant eligious Developents;The Settleent o& the riar 7an!s;The oration o& the Aglipayan Chur'h;The ise o& Protestantis in the Philippines

The %riar &ands Settlement•The ?nite! States governent, in an eBort to resolve the status o& the&riars, negotiate! with the 9ati'an.

•The Chur'h agree! to sell the &riarsF estates an! proise! gra!ualsu:stitution o& ilipino an! other non3Spanish priests &or the &riars.•The Chur'h re&use!, however, to with!raw the religious or!ers &rothe islan!s ie!iately.

The Settlement of %riar &ands



•>n 1$%# the a!inistration :ought &or ?S. illion the aor part o& the &riarsF hol!ings, aounting to soe 166,%%% he'tares, o& whi'hone3hal& was in the vi'inity o& -anila.•The lan! was eventually resol! to ilipinos, soe o& the to tenants:ut the aority to estate owners.

The Philippine 'ndependent Ch#rch of (e los "e!es and BishopAglipa!•Philippine >n!epen!ent Chur'h was =rst pro'laie! in 1$% :y >sa:elo!e los eyes•Delos eyes noinate! ishop Gregorio Aglipay as Supree ishop o& this new &aith•Aglipay was a Catholi' priest a revolutionary an! one o& the signer o&the -alolos Constitution•>n turn, Aglipay noinate! De los eyes as an honorary ishop &or his

&oun!ing o& the 'hur'h•Aglipay was appointe! as the -ilitary 9i'ar General un!er Aguinal!oIsepu:li'•Aglipay 'ele:rate! his =rst ass in Ton!o where any !e&e'te! &rooan Catholi'is•>n tie, the 'hur'h ha! :e'oe popularly Jnown as the *AglipayanChur'h+

Characteristics of the Philippine 'ndependent Ch#rch•De los eyes !i! not only sought to :e in!epen!ent &ro Spanish

politi'al rule•He also repu!iate! the oan Catholi' &aith an! sought to :ein!epen!ent &ro it. Key !istin'tions;>t ree'ts Papal Authority an! the e)'lusivities o& Petrine su''ession;>t ree'ts transu:stantiation;>t ree'ts 'eli:a'y as reLuireent &or priesthoo!;>t tolerates &ree asonry;>t tolerates the or!ination o& woen;The 'hur'h is einently “dedicated to re!orm purposes, its missionhas been to wor( incessantly !or the political emancipation o! the people and the !or the complete liberation o! conscience.”

The "ise of Protestantism in the Philippines•The Protestant &aith ie!iately &ollowe! the arrival o& the Aeri'ans•e&ore 1$%% the -etho!ists an! the Pres:yterians have alrea!y:egan their worJ in the Philippines•@ther !enoinations arrive!;aptists 01$%%2

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;?nite! rethren 01$%12;Congregationalists 01$%2;Seventh Day A!ventist 01$%M2;-etho!ist (pis'opalians 01$%N2

The )or* of the Protestants•The growth o& the Protestants !uring the early Aeri'an Perio!;1$%/ ; #M Chur'hes;1$1N ; M$# Chur'hes;1$N ; $M1 Chur'hes•Asi!e &ro spiritual worJ the Protestants 'ontri:ute! to theenri'hent o& e!u'ation, 'ulture an! so'ial wel&are;They &oun!e! any s'hools an! hospitals )e.g., #illiman "niversity,&rent #chool, #t. 'u(e*s +ospital, C/0C1

The Arrival of +The Thomisites,•The Arrival o& Aeri'an Tea'hers on ?SS Thoas “$he $homasites”0August /, 1$%12

The Cens#s of 1902•Pea'e was !e'lare! :y Theo!ore oosevelt in the Philippine on "uly #,1$%.•The Dire'tor o& Census ". P. Sanger assiste! :y two Aeri'an e)perts&ro the ?S ureau o& Census to 'on!u't the Philippine Census ;

:egan -ar'h , 1$%/•Cost nearly 1 -illion Dollars 0 -illion Pesos2 in whi'h 1O/ was &roAeri'an un!s while O/ were &ro the Philippine un!•,6 persons to 'on!u't it 0,M% ilipinos, 11N Aeri'ans, 6Chinese, 1 "apanese•Total Population o& the Philippines in 1$%/ was ,6/M,#6 people0,%%%,%%% were *Christians+ while the rest were non3Christians ;-uslis, Tri:al, Chinese et'.2

S!stem of Governance )as Set $p

•The e)e'utive power is veste! in the Civil Governor, who reains asthe 'hairan o& the Philippine Coissions•The Philippine Coission serves as the ?pper House•The Philippine Asse:ly 'opose! o& all ilipinos ele'te! :y thepeople serve as the 7ower House•oth Houses e)er'ise legislative powers e)'ept &or the PhilippineCoission whi'h serves as the sole right to 'ontrol legislation overthe *non3Christian+ people o& the Philippines.

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•The "u!i'ial power was veste! over the Supree Court, the Courts o&irst >nstan'e an! the "usti'e o& Pea'e Courts

The Administration of Governor General &#*e E- )right .(/

.190 190/•The *eorgani8ation A't+ towar!s ore e'ien'y in Governent;Creation o& ()e'utive ureaus•The Civil Servi'e ureau•Departent o& >nterior•Departent o& (!u'ation•Departent o& Coer'e an! Poli'e•Departent o& inan'e an! "usti'e•Changes in 7o'al Governent;The Consoli!ation o& Sall Provin'es into 7arger @nes•A:ra 4 >llo'os Sur

•-arin!uLue 4 Taya:as•-as:ate 4 Sorsogon•AntiLue 4 >loilo

The Administration of Governor General &#*e E- )right .(/.190 190/•Pu:li' 5orJs an! >n&rastru'tural >proveents•Having serve! un!er Ta&t as the Se'retary o& Coer'e an! Poli'e,he saw =rst han! iportan'e o& transport an! 'ouni'ation•5right sought to >prove the ailroa! <etworJ an! uil! oa!s

•The A!inistration o& Governor General 7uJe (. 5right 0D2 01$%# ;1$%M2•-anila >prove!;Sanitation;Drainage syste;5ater syste;<ew piers 'onstru'te!,;e'laation o& -anila ay;Transition to ele'tri' 'a:le 'ars;5i!ening o& roa!s;>ntro!u'tion o& telephones

;Coprehensive 'ity planning un!er the urnha Plan

The Administration of Governor General &#*e E- )right .(/.190 190/•Aug. 6, 1$%/ ; the Philippine Coission passe! A't. <o. NM# ThePensionados ct ;ilipino Pensianados sent to stu!y in the ?S

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•1$%# ; 1%%•1$%M ; 1#1•1$%6 ; 1M•1$% ; 1N/•1$%N ;

•1$%$ ; #•1$1% ; M•1$11 ; 16

The Administration of Governor General &#*e E- )right .(/.190 190/•The St. 7ouis 5orl!Is air in 1$%#•0The Philippine ()hi:it2

The Philippine E3hi4ition at the St. 7ouis 5orl!Is air in 1$%#•The A!inistration o& Governor Henry Clay >!e 0 01$%M ; 1$%62•The ise o& @ther Philippine Politi'al Parties•eoval o& previously :anne! Pro3in!epen!en'e Parties•ilipino Parti'ipation in 7o'al Governent;7o'al ele'tions &or -uni'ipal @'ials an! Provin'ial Governors werehel!;These positions were ostly o''upie! :y ilipinos

The Administration of Governor 5enr! Cla! 'de .190 1906/•Postal Syste an! the Postal Savings anJ @rgani8e!

The Administration of Governor 5enr! Cla! 'de .190 1906/•Stan!ar!i8ation o& 5eights an! -easures

The Administration of Governor 7ames %rancis Smith .1906 1909/•Convention o& Provin'ial Governors Calle! 0@'t. 1$%62

;Sergio @seQa was 'hosen as the Presi!ent o& the Convention;They et to !is'uss a:out the Provin'ial oar!s an! the 'olle'tion o&7an! Ta)es•The *lag 7aw+ 01$%2 ; prohi:its the !isplay o& Philippine lag

The Administration of Governor 7ames %rancis Smith .1906 1909/

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•Growth an! oun!ing o& Pu:li' (!u'ation•The oun!ing o& the ?niversity o& the Philippines in 1$%N;A't <o. 1N% o& the irst Philippine 7egislature, Jnown as theR?niversity A'tR :y authority o& the ?nite! States

The 'na#g#ration of the %irst Philippine Assem4l!•>naugurate! on @'to:er 16, 1$% at the Gran! @pera House, -anila•orer Governor Ta&t 0the ?S Se'retary o& 5ar2 a!e a spe'ial trip tothe Philippines an! !elivere! the inaugural a!!ress•Gov.3Gen. Sith also a!!resse! the :o!y•$ yr. ol! Sergio @seQa o& Ce:u was ele'te! SpeaJer an! -anuelEue8on &or Taya:as was ele'te! as the aority oor lea!er

8em4ers of the Philippine Assem4l!

•The ele'tion &or the e:ers o& the irst Philippine Asse:ly washel! on "uly /%, 1$%•The e:ers represents various politi'al parties•/ 2ationalistas, % Independientes, 16 Progresistas, Immediatistas, # Independistas, 1 Catholi'•(le'te! :y 1%%,#$/ ilipino voters out o& 1%#,$66 eligi:le registere!voters

The %irst Philippine Assem4l!•The Payne3 Al!ri'h TariB 7aw 01$%$2

•The ?S Congress (na'ts this TariB 7aw 0April $, 1$%$2;The ?S was prohi:ite! to ena't any TariB 7aws &or 1% years &ollowingthe Treaty o& Paris to prevent :ias towar!s Spanish Coer'ial>nterests in the Philippines•This law reove! all :arriers &ro Luotas an! liitations in tra!e•The ?S now sought to ensure &ree tra!e :etween the ?S an! thePhilippines•The Philippine Asse:ly o:e'te! to this sin'e it proote !epen!en'yon the ?S arJet

The Administration of Governor )illiam Cameron %or4es .1909 191/•>n&rastru'tural Developents esp. oa! uil!ing an! Pu:li' 5orJs

The 8anila Carnival .190: /•@riginally starte! :y the Aeri'ans•>t was hel! in 5alla'e iel! annually



•There were =ve para!es !uring the 'arnival season;The opening !ay para!e;The ilitary para!e;the 'ivi' e!u'ational para!e;The :usiness an! in!ustrial para!e

;The oral para!e•The highlight o& the para!e &eature! the 'opetition &or the CarnivalEueen•The tra!ition 'ontinue! &ro 1$%N ; 1$/$•The A!inistration o& Governor 5illia Caeron or:es 01$%$ ;1$1/2•Coping with <atural Disasters;Typhoons;(ruption o& Taal 9ol'ano in 1$11

The 2nd

Philippine Assem4l! .1909 1911/ Se'on! Philippine Asse:ly Clashe! with the Philippine Coission onvarious legislative proposals;The a:olition o& the Capital Punishent;The a:olition o& the “&andolerismo” A't;The a:olition o& the !isplay o& the Philippine lag, the Coission!isagree•7e! to a !ea!lo'J an! no :u!gets were prepare! &or 1$11 an! 1$1

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