lecture 5 (prof. a. kok, 30-1- 2001) n topics: n prefrontal anatomy and (dys)functions n perception...
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Lecture 5 (Prof. A. Kok, 30-1-2001)
Topics:
Prefrontal anatomy and (dys)functions Perception and consciousness (with: neglect,
blindsight, agnosia) Split brain research
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Methoden in de Neuropsychologie Basisdoel: Effecten van corticale lesies functioneel (gedragsmatig) in
kaart brengen Instrumenten: Psychologische tests Cognitieve taken (belangrijk voor onafhankelijke manipulatie
van relevante cognitieve componenten) Event-related potentials (ERPs: hoge temporele resolutie) Neuro-imaging technieken (MRI, fMRI, PET, SPECT) (hoge spatiële resolutie)
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Methoden
Subtractie (vooral bij neuro-imaging: activatie taak B - activatie taak A). Taak B bevat relevante component plus niet relevante component. Taak A bevat alleen niet-relevante component)
Dubbele dissociatie (vooral bij onderzoek naar lesies: bewijs van specifieke locatie van functie)
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Frontale schors
Anatomie en functie
Gevolgen (pre) frontale lesies
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Dorsolaterale en orbito prefrontale schors
Lateraal aanzicht
Mediaal aanzicht
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Dorslolaterale prefrontale schors: posterieure connecties
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Ventrololaterale prefrontale schors
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Ventrolaterale prefrontale schors: posterieure connecties
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Twee circuits van het werkgeheugen
-Dorsolaterale-PPC pad (spatieel werkgeheugen)
Ventrolateraal-IT pad (niet-spatieel werkgeheugen)
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Frontale gebieden: Neurospychologische Tests:
-Wisconsin Card Sorting (Perseveratie fouten) Aandacht ‘switchen Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC)
-‘Sequencing’ taken. Tower of London (Hanoi Linker frontaal gebieden.
-‘Verbal fluency’ (woord genereer taken: woorden beginnend met…Links frontaal en bilateraal fontaal
-Geheugen voor spatio-temporele context (waar/wanneer)
-Go/nogo taken (motor inhibitie: false alarms)
-Diversen: self ordening tasks, conditioneel associatief leren, Stroop taak, Delayed Response taken
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Frontale theorieën:
-Abstract denken -Fouten detectie/correctie -Planning -Inhibitie -SAS -Working memory
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Verlies van Inhibitie
Residu activaties duren langer bij een serie van stimuli
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Bron geheugen
Episodisch geheugen bepaald door::
Context of bron van informatie (details van tijd en plaats)
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Sensory gating (P30)
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Waarneming en bewustzijn(residu kennis)
Neglect Blindsight Agnosie
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Hemi-neglect
Is een aandacht stoornis
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Balint syndroom
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Drie stadia model van visueel spatiele aandacht (Posner)
Losmaken
Bewegen
vasthechten
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Typen Neglect (Mesulam)
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Typen neglect (Mesulam)
Perceptueel
Motorisch
Motivationeel
Arousal gerelateerd
PPC
Perceptie (pulvinar, visuele schors)
Motivatie (limbisch systeem)
Activatie (RAS)
Actie coll.superior, FEF)
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Blindsight: dissociatie tussen perceptie en bewustzijn (bij lesie primaire visuele schors, V1)
Twee verklaringen:
1. Residu functie primaire visuele schors (V1)
2. Alternatieve visuele banen naar secundaire visuele schors (tecto-pulvinaire pad
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Typen neglect (Mesulam)
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Twee routes naar visuele schors
PULVINAIR
CORPUS GEN.LATERALE
COLLICULISUPERIOR
THALAMUS
CORTEX
TECTUMRETINA
AREA 7
AREA 17 18
DORSAAL
VENTRAALAREA 20,21
AREA 8
FRONTALE OOG VELDEN
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Split brain onderzoek
Linker en rechter hemisfeer specialisatie
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Visuele halfveld techniek
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Drie stadia van woord herkenning na operatie CC
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Sodium amytal test
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