lecture 5 information system and databases

8/3/2019 Lecture 5 Information System and Databases

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Lecture 5:Databases & Information

System


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Chapter Topic

Databases and their uses

Database components

Types of databases

Database management systems

Relational databases

Data warehouses

Information systems in Organization

System Development Life Cycle


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Databases

Collections of related data

Easily stored, sorted, organized, and queried

Turn data into information

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Database Terminology

Field: Category of information, displayed in

columns

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Data type: Type of data that can be storedin a field



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Record: A group of related fields

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Record

Table: A group of related records


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Primary key: A field value unique to a record

Primary Key


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Database Types

Relational databases Organize data in tables

Link tables to each other through their primary keys

Object-oriented databases Store data in objects

Also store methods for processing data

Handle unstructured data

Multidimensional databases Store data in multiple dimensions

Organize data in a cube format

Can easily be customized

Process data much faster


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Database Management Systems

(DBMS)

Application software designed to capture

and analyze data

Four main operations of a DBMS:1. Creating databases and entering data

2. Viewing and sorting data

3. Extracting data4. Outputting data


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Creating Databases and Entering Data

Create field

names

Identify

each type

of data

Data

dictionary



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Creating Databases and Entering Data

(cont.)

Create

individual

records

Key in

Import

Input form



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Data Validation

Validation

Process of ensuring that data entered into thedatabase is correct(or at least reasonable) and

complete Validation rules

Range checks

Completeness checks

Consistency checks

Alphabetic/numeric checks



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Extracting or Querying Data

Query

A question or

inquiry

Provides

records based

on criteria

StructuredQuery

Language (SQL)



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Outputting Data

Reports

Printed

Summary data reports

Export data

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Education, Inc. Publishing as

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Relational Database Operations

Organize datainto tables

Relationshipsare links

between tableswith relateddata

Common fields

need to existbetween fields



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Types of Relationships One-to-one

For each record in a table, only one correspondingrecord in a related table

One-to-many

Only one instance of a record in one table; manyinstances in a related table

Many-to-many

Records in one table related to many records inanother

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Relational Database Operations

Normalization of data (recording data once)

reduces data redundancy.

Foreign key: The primary key of one table is

included in another to establish relationships

with that other table.



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Data Storage

Data warehouse Large-scale

repository of data

Organizes all thedata related to an

organization

Data organized by

subject



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M i D t


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Managing Data:

Information Systems in Organizations

Chapter 10: Information Systems Analysisand Design

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An information system collects, stores, and processes data to

provide useful, accurate, and timely information

An organization is a group of people working together toaccomplish a goal

Business

Nonprofit organization

Mission

Mission statement

Figure 1


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Organizational charts depict the hierarchy of employees in an

organization


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Information systems can:

Automate routine tasks

Make decisions in

response to problems

Structured problem

Semi-structured

problem

Unstructuredproblem

Collect and store internal

or external information

Fourtypes of Information

system:

- Transaction Processing

System (TPS)- Management

Information system (MIS)

- Decision support system

(DSS)- Expert system and Neural

network


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INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY

Hardware

Software

Databases

Networks

Other related

components

are used to

buildINFORMATION

SYSTEMS

Payroll

System

Inventory

System

Marketing

System

Customer

Service

System

IS Vs IT


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System Development Life Cycle

Waterfall SDLC

Modified Waterfall SDLC

Iterative SDLC

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Problem/Opportunity Identification

The existing system is evaluated.

Problems are defined.

New proposals are reviewed.

Decisions are made to proceed with the projects.

The process is documented.

Relevant problems/opportunities are defined.



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Analysis

A program specification (goals and objectives

of the project) is developed.

A feasibility assessment is performed.

User requirements are defined.

Analysts recommend a plan of action.



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Design

A detailed plan for programmers is developed.

Flowcharts and data-flow diagrams are used for the

current and proposed system.

Data-flow diagram Flowchart



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Testing and Installation Program is tested for proper operation.

Application testing is performed in three ways: Unit testing

Integration testing

Test area

System testing Program is installed for use.

Testing and results are documented. System documentation

Describes a systems features, hardware architecture, and

programming User documentation

Describes how to interact with the system to accomplish specific tasks

Procedure handbook

Contains step-by-step instructions for performing specific tasks



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Maintenance and Evaluation

Performance of the system is monitored.

Corrections and modifications to the program

are made.

Maintenance procedures and results are

documented.



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CHAPTER COMPLETED


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SCL QUESTIONS1. Some individuals and small organizations prefer using spreadsheets instead

of database to maintain data because of the features are might similar and itis easier to install and maintain spreadsheet than database software. After

you learn this chapter, stated the reasons why it is not advisable to storelarge amounts of data in spreadsheet and justify why databases are a moreappropriate solution?

2. How do relational databases organize and manipulate data?

3. List the advantages of using system analysis and design techniques inapproaching computerized information systems for business.

4. Perfect Pizza wants to install a system to record orders for pizza and chickenwings. When regular customers call Perfect Pizza on the phone, they areasked their phone number. When the number is typed into a computer, thename, address, and last order date is automatically brought up on the screen.Once the order is taken, the total, including tax and delivery, is calculated.Then the order is given to the cook. A receipt is printed. Occasionally, special

offers (coupons) are printed so the customer can get a discount. Drivers whomake deliveries give customers a copy of the receipt and a coupon (if any).Weekly totals are kept for comparison with last years performance. Write asummary of business activities for taking an order at Perfect Pizza. Draw a

flowchart, ERD and DFD context diagram for Perfect Pizza.

(2xA4, Times New Roman, size 12, 1 or 2 spacing, justify, hand in by next lab)

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