lecture 5 final term

Lecture 5 Final Termconverted to PDF by salman javed lol

Solid Waste, Types & their Characteristics

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Lecture Outline

• Define Solid Waste

• Introduction

• Sources of Solid Waste

• Types of waste

• Impact of waste

• 4 R’s concept

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Solid Waste

Solid waste comprise all the wastes from human and animal activities that are discarded as useless or

unwanted. It may arise from urban communities, agricultural and industrial activities

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Sources / Types of Solid Waste

• Residential

• Commercial

• Institutional

• Industrial

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Residential waste

Appliances, Newspapers, Clothing, Disposable tableware, Food packaging, Cans, Bottles, Food scraps and kitchen waste Yard trimming / green waste,

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Commercial waste

All types of solid waste generated by stores, offices, restaurants, warehouses, and other non manufacturing activities for the purposes of a trade or business or sports, recreation, education or entertainment

• Boxes,• Food wastes, • Office paper, • Disposable tableware,• Debris of broken buildings materials• Plastics pipes,• Broken electrical goods, • Insulating materials, etc.

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Institutional Waste

• Office paper,

• Cafeteria and restroom waste

• Classroom wastes

• Yard trimmings

• Iron, steel, tin and metal canes

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Industrial Waste

Industrial waste is a type of wasteproduced by factories, mills and mines.

Industrial solid waste is defined aswaste that is generated by businessesfrom an industrial or manufacturingprocess.

Businesses that utilize manufacturingor industrial processes, or that areservice or commercial establishments,producing industrial solid waste.

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Construction/demolition waste

Demolition waste comes from raisedbuildings, broken out streets, sidewalks, bridges and otherstructures.

Waste from construction, remodelingand repair of individual residences,commercial buildings and otherstructures are classified asconstruction waste.

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Locations where Construction/ Demolition wastes are generated

New construction

sites

Road repair

Renovation sites

Raisings of buildings

Broken pavements

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Agricultural Waste

Agricultural waste is waste produced as a result of various

agricultural operations.

Natural waste

Non-natural waste

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Natural waste

Natural wastes include organic waste (e.g. spoiled food, manure and other wastes from farms).

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Locations where agricultural waste is generated

FieldsCrops

Orchards

DairiesFeedlots

Farms

Vineyards

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Hospital Waste

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Medical/Clinical waste

Medical waste also known as clinical waste refers to any waste generated in the diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of human beings or animals, in research environment, or in the production or biological testing.

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Sources

Hospitals

Medical Research

Laboratories

Nursing Homes

Physicians’ Offices

Blood Transfusion

Centers

Dental Surgeries

Health ClinicsCommon Producers

of Biomedical

Waste

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Types

Hospital waste can be hazardous, infectious or radioactive

• Hazardous waste causes injury without infection, such as needle pokes.

• Infectious waste might contain pathogens, like blood stained gloves or used needles.

• Radioactive waste usually comes from containers of radioactive isotopes used in nuclear medicine for cancer treatments

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They can affect humans in three

principal ways:

• biologically (exposure to pathogenic micro-organisms)

• physically (contaminated sharps penetrating the skin)

• chemically (exposure to liquids, gases, etc.)

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Waste management is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal

and monitoring of waste materials.

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HIERARCHY OF WASTE MINIMIZATION

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Next Lecture

SWM &

Characterization of Waste

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lecture 5 final term

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