lecture 3 handout

7/17/2019 Lecture 3 Handout

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Lecture 3: The Malolos RepublicStewart A. Young, Ph.D.History 166Philippine History

From Revolution to Republic The Consolidation of Power under Aguinaldo following the TejerosAsse!ly The Pro"isional #o"ernent fored at $ia%na!atoAguinaldo&s e'ile to Hong (ong and returnAssues di)tatorial powersDe)laration of Philippine *ndependen)e fro Spain$etrayed !y the Aeri)ans

The Philippine Flag The Philippine +ational HynAnthePhilippine +ational Anthe -Lupang Hinirang” Chosen /and0Aguinaldo )oissioned uan 2elipe to write the usi) on une 3, 1454 The SoldierPoet ose Pala&s Filipinas was used for the lyri)s of the+ational AntheCopleted une 11, 1454

Reorganization of Local Governmentpon the ad"i)e of 7a!ini, Aguinaldo issues De)rees of une 14 and 89,

1454:eorgani;ing the 7uni)ipal and Pro"in)ial #o"ernents of thePhilippines<"ery town of the ar)hipelago was to !e )oposed of 10 a )hief 80 a headan for ea)h !arrio=0 Three delegatesone for justi)e and )i"il registryone for poli)e and internal orderone for ta'es and property

Revolutionary GovernmentChanged 2ro Di)tatorial to :e"olutionary #o"ernent as ad"ised !y7a!ini une 8=, 145402ro Di)tator to President The ai > “to struggle for the independence of the Philippines, until allnations, including Spain, shall recognie it, and also to prepare thecountr! for the establish"ent of a real republic”



Aguinaldo Appoints His First Cabinet in alolos$aldoero Aguinaldo > Sec# of $ar % Public $or&s/eandro *!arra > Sec# of 'nterior no pi)ture0

7ariano Trias > Secretar! of FinanceCayatano Arellano > Sec# of Foreign ()airs did not ser"e0 Trinidad Pardo de Ta"era > *irector of *iplo"ac!

The alolos Congress*naugural Session at the $arasoian Chur)h, 7alolos Sept. 13, 14540

Composition of the Revolutionary CongressAll together 43 later !e)ae 119 > ele)ted and appointed

The <du)ated, Professionals and Pro"in)ial /eaders/awyersPhysi)iansPhara)ist$usinessenAgri)ulturists<du)ators<ngineersArtistsPriest#enerals7ilitary

!"cers and CommitteesPedro Paterno > President$enito /egarda > ?i)e PresidentPa!lo @)apo #regorio Araneta > Se)retaries1.Coittee on Congratulations8.Coittee on 7essage=.Coittee on *nternal :egulationsB.Coittee on :e)eption3.Coittee on Appropriations

6.Coittee on 2esti"ities.Coittee on Style4.Coittee to the Draft of the Constitution

#ndependence Rati$ed:atied on Septe!er 85, 1454



+ational /oan 7ade > P89,999,999 to !e redeeed o"er a B9 yearperiod at the rate of P399,999 per year2raing of the Constitution $eginsA Constitutional Asse!ly was organi;ed under Pedro Paterno

The alolos Constitution= Drafts were Su!ittedApolinario 7a!iniPedro Paterno2elipe Calderon +as selected-7a!ini&s @!je)tions 2a"ored Strong <'e)uti"e0:eje)tion !y the CongressProulgation of the 7alolos Constitution an. 81, 14550

The Constitution The Constitution esta!lished free and independent Philippines*t pro"ided a -popular, representati"e, alternati"e and responsi!leEgo"ernent*t is !ased on the separation of powers > <'e)uti"e President0,/egislati"e Asse!ly of :epresentati"es0 and udi)ial Supree Court0*t re)ogni;es the freedo of religion and the separation of )hur)h andstate

Preamble of the alolos Constitution“$e, the Representati.es of the Filipino people, lafull! con.ened inorder to establish /ustice, pro.ide for co""on defense, pro"ote thegeneral elfare, and insure the bene0ts of libert!, i"ploring the aid ofthe So.ereign Legislator of the 1ni.erse for the attain"ent of theseends, ha.e .oted, decreed, and sanctioned the folloing: 222”

Characteristics of the alolos Constitution According to T% %&ala'-The prin)ipal )hara)teristi)s of the 7alolos Constitution areF

Ministerial responsibilities to parlia"entThe unica"eral s!ste"So.ereignt! resting in the hole nationThe subordination of the President of the Republic to the 4ationalLegislature5 ( length! enu"eration of the rights in liberties of indi.iduals ( per"anent legislati.e co""ittee to act in the na"e of 6ongressduring the period of recess



Characteristics of the alolos Constitution According to T% %&ala'Parlia"entar! unit!

The penal responsibilit! of high ran&ing o7cials for cri"es co""ittedagainst the safet! of the stateThe council of state co"posed of the President and his secretaries ( local and depart"ental autono"! (nd the designation of e8traordinar! representati.es ho, togetherith the regular "e"bers, ould for" the constituent asse"bl!#”

Cabinet Announced ()an% *+ ,-../<ilio Aguinaldo > PresidentApolinario 7a!ini > President of the Coun)il of 7inisters and Se). of

2oreign AGairs Theodoro Sandi%o > Se). of *nterior7ariano Trias > Se). of 2inan)e$aldoero Aguinaldo > Se). of ar#ra)ia #on;aga > Se). of For"ento Pu!li) *nstru)tion, Pu!li) or%s,Agri)ulture, *ndustry and Coer)e0

Festivities Around the #nauguration*nauguration of the 2irst :epu!li)$arasoain Chur)h, 7alolos an. 8=, 14550

Proje)ts of the 7alolos :epu!li)@I)ial +ewspapersPu!li)ations Sept. 84, 1454 > 14550Ser"ed as Propaganda for the State9l Heraldo de la Re.olution The Herald of the :e"olution0Heraldo Filipino 2ilipino Herald0'ndice 0cial @I)ial *nde'0;aceta de Filipinas #a;ette of the Philippines02ilipino Clergy ser"ed as outhpie)es for the :e"olutionary Cause2iestas and Holidays in)lude Patrioti) Progras

Pro0ects of the alolos RepublicPri"ately @wn +ewspaper 2ounded or <dited !y 7e!ers of the7alolos :epu!li) /egislatureAntonio /una > La 'ndependenciaPedro Paterno > La Republica ose Cleente Julueta K La LibertadSergio @seLa, :afael Pala and aie de ?eyra +in 6ebu- 2 9l 4ue.o*ia



?i)ente Sotto in Ce!u0 < La =ustica % 9l PuebloProje)ts of the 7alolos :epu!li)

Literature

*nspire Patriotis through thees onFdeo)rati) idealshuan rights)ele!ration of heroi) e'ploitspatrioti) deeds(ey 2igures ose Pala +9l >undi"an, Filipinas-2ernando 7a. #uerrero +Mi Patria, 'llang2'llang-Ce)ilio Apostal +( la ?andera Filipina, Mi Raa-

Pro0ects of the alolos Republic<du)ationPassed laws regulating edu)ationCopulsory and 2ree <leentary <du)ation<sta!lished the 1ni.ersidad Literaria de Filipinas<sta!lished (cade"ia Militar 7ilitary A)adey0

Pro0ects of the alolos Republic2inan)es To 2und the #o"ernent:egulate Ta'ation

ar Ta' Age 14 > 69M :epla)ed the 6edula0Dire)t Ta'es:eal <state Ta'*ndustrial Ta' *port <'port0Chinese Ta' Custos0*ndire)t Ta'esSpe)ial :e"enues/oansDonations !y :i)h 2ailiesCons)ated <ney Properties+ational $udgeting

7onetary Syste Print Curren)y0

Pro0ects of the alolos Republic2ilipino Ary and +a"y $uilding and Supplying0

Pro0ects of the alolos Republic



Diploa)y Diploati) A)ti"ities Diploati) Agents stationed inany )ountries aside fro the Hong (ong unta0-Diploati) AgentsE were sent to Proote the *nterests of the +ew:epu!li)F2elipe Agon)illo Si'to /ope; > 1nited States

7ariano Pon)e 2austino /i)hau)o > =apanAntonio :egidor > 9nglandPedro P. :o'as uan /una > France<ri!erto Jar)al > (ustralia

Pro0ects of the alolos Republic The 7alolos :epu!li) and apanese SoldiersSe"eral ?eteran 7e!ers of the apanese Ary @I)ers SinoKapanesear 145B > 14530 "olunteered to assisted the :e"olution against theAeri)ans

They arri"ed se)retly uly, 1455 !ut infored Aguinaldo a wee% !eforeCaptain Tei Hara/ieutenant Yoshitaro +aganoSu!K/ieutenant 7agane +ishiu)hiSergeant 7ajor (eiK*tsu 7iyai

Controversial Areas The 7e!ers of the 7alolos :epu!li) were People of Their TiesF+o @I)ial /anguage was Adopted+o @I)ial :eligion was Adopted <phasis was on the Separation of

Chur)h and State0 The <')lusion of the 7usli and *ndigenous Counity

Aguinaldo1s 2peech“$e are no longer insurgents, e are no longer re.olutionists, that isto sa! ar"ed "en desirous of destro!ing and annihilating the ene"!#$e are fro" no on Republicans, that is to sa!, "en of la, able tofraternie ith all other nations, ith "utual respect and a)ection#” /ega)y of the 7alolos :epu!li)

lecture 3 handout

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