lecture 3-chemical safetyrevision

04/28/23Industrial Safety Lecture Three1

Chemical SafetyChemical SafetyJoe Nail


Introduction Introduction

What is a Chemical Hazard?What is a Chemical Hazard?

– Answer: Any chemical that can cause illness, injury, or an emergency.

Chemical HazardsChemical Hazards– PhysicalPhysical– HealthHealth


Chemical HazardsChemical Hazards


Chemical HazardsChemical Hazards PyrophoricPyrophoric Flammable ChemicalsFlammable Chemicals Combustible ChemicalsCombustible Chemicals OxidizersOxidizers

OHSA’s Haz-Com StandardOHSA’s Haz-Com Standard


OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard is designed to OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard is designed to protect employees from hazardous chemicals used or stored in protect employees from hazardous chemicals used or stored in the work setting.the work setting.Also referred to as the "Right-To-Know Law" Law, the Hazard Also referred to as the "Right-To-Know Law" Law, the Hazard Communication Standard requires that information and Communication Standard requires that information and training (i.e., hazcom training) be provided to any employees training (i.e., hazcom training) be provided to any employees who have the potential of being exposed to a hazardous chemical who have the potential of being exposed to a hazardous chemical “under normal condition of use or in a foreseeable emergency.”“under normal condition of use or in a foreseeable emergency.”Such hazcom training requires the presence of hazardous Such hazcom training requires the presence of hazardous chemicals be communicated to employees in a variety of ways, chemicals be communicated to employees in a variety of ways, including:including:

PurposePurposeThe purpose of the

standard is to make sure that the hazards of chemicals are evaluated

That information concerning their hazards is communicated to employers and employees

Who is coveredWho is coveredOSHA’s Hazard Communication (HazCom)

standard applies to general industry, shipyard, marine terminals, longshoring, and construction employment and covers chemical manufacturers, importers, employers, and employees exposed to chemical hazards.

Horizontal

HazCom RequirementsHazCom Requirements The hazardous chemical inventoryThe hazardous chemical inventory Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) Labels, tags or signsLabels, tags or signs The written Hazard Communication The written Hazard Communication

programprogram


BackgroundBackgroundThe Hazard Communication Standard (HCS)

is based on a simple concept--that employees have both a need and a right to know the hazards and identities of the chemicals they are exposed to when working

BackgroundBackgroundThey also need to know what protective

measures are available to prevent adverse effects from occurring

The HCS is designed to provide employees with the information they need

MSDS

EmployersEmployersEmployers are required to provide information

to their employees about the hazardous chemicals to which they are exposed using:– A hazard communication program– labels and other forms of warnings– material safety data sheets (MSDS)– information and training

Warehouse and Retail OperationsWarehouse and Retail Operations In work operations where employees only handle

chemicals in sealed containers, which are not opened under normal conditions

Employers must only do the following:– Ensure labels on incoming chemicals are not

defaced or removed

– Maintain copies of any material safety data sheets that are received with incoming shipments

– Obtain MSDS a.s.a.p. for shipments received w/out MSDS

Warehouse and Retail OperationsWarehouse and Retail OperationsProvide employees with information and

training (no written program required) to the extent necessary to protect them in the event of a spill or leak of a hazardous chemical from a sealed container

Labeling ExemptionsLabeling ExemptionsOther federal agencies control the labeling

requirements for the following substances:– Pesticides

– Chemicals covered under the Toxic Substance Control Act

– Foods or food additives

– Distilled Spirits, tobacco

– Consumer products, lumber, cosmetics

– Hazardous wastes

Employer Requirements-Employer Requirements-Written ProgramWritten Program

Employers must develop a written program that covers at least:– Labels and other forms of warnings

– Material Safety Data Sheets

– Employee Information and Training

Employer Requirements-Employer Requirements-Written ProgramWritten Program

Employers must develop a written program that covers at least:– A list of the hazardous chemicals known to be present at the

facility along with MSDS’s for each chemical

– The methods the employer will use to inform employees of the hazards non-routine tasks

– The hazards of chemicals in unlabeled pipes

Multi-Employer WorkplacesMulti-Employer Workplaces If employees of other employers could be

exposed to hazardous chemicals the program must include: – Methods to provide contractor employees with on-

site access to MSDS for each chemical those workers may be exposed to

– The methods used to inform other employers of any precautionary measures to be taken for normal and emergency situations

– The employers chemical labeling system

Consumer Products ExemptionConsumer Products ExemptionAny consumer product as defined in the

Consumer Product Safety Act where the employer can show that: – It is used in the workplace for the purpose intended – The use results in a duration and frequency of

exposure which is not greater than the range of exposures that could reasonably be experienced by consumers when used for the purpose intended

Written Program AvailabilityWritten Program AvailabilityThe employer must make the written program

available, upon request, to: – Employees and their designated representatives

Where work is carried out at more than one location, the program may be kept at the main location

Labels, Tags and MarkingsLabels, Tags and MarkingsThe employer must ensure that each container of

hazardous chemicals in the workplace is labeled, tagged or marked with the following:– Identity of the hazardous chemical – Appropriate hazard warnings

This above labeling information is required of the manufacturer so the employer must ensure that the original labels from the manufacturer are on all containers and remain legible

Container Labeling Exemption for Container Labeling Exemption for Portable ContainersPortable Containers

The employer is not required to label portable containers into which hazardous chemicals are transferred from labeled containers, and which are intended only for the immediate use by the employee who performs the transfer

The employer need not affix new labels to comply

with the standard ifexisting labels already covey

the required information

New Hazard InformationNew Hazard InformationManufacturers, importers,

distributors and employers who become newly aware of significant information regarding chemical hazards shall:– Revise the labels for the

chemical within three months– Revise the MSDS for the

chemical within three months

MSDS kept in other formsMSDS kept in other formsMSDS may be kept in any form including

operating procedures It may be more appropriate to address the

hazards of a process rather than individual hazardous chemicals

Employee Information and Employee Information and TrainingTraining

Employers must provide employees information and training on hazardous chemicals in their work area:– At the time of their initial assignment

– Whenever a new physical or health hazard the employees have not previously been trained about is introduced into their work area

Training may cover categories of hazards

Employee InformationEmployee InformationEmployers must inform employees:

– Of the training requirements of this section (1910.1200 (h) Employee information and training.);

– Any operations in their work area where hazardous chemicals are present;

– The location and availability of the written hazard communication program

Employee TrainingEmployee TrainingEmployee training shall include at least:

– The means to detect the presence or release of a hazardous chemical in the work area

– The physical and health hazards of chemicals in the work area

– Measures employees can take to protect themselves

– Details of the employers specific program


Health HazardsHealth Hazards Category A-Biological AgentsCategory A-Biological Agents Category B-Physical AgentsCategory B-Physical Agents Category C-Chemical Agents Category C-Chemical Agents

Chemical Agents-This DiscussionChemical Agents-This Discussion


Chemical Health EffectsChemical Health Effects

Irritants: Inflame skin tissue on contact.Irritants: Inflame skin tissue on contact. Corrosives: Corrosives: Destroy skin tissue at point of Destroy skin tissue at point of

contact.contact. Sensitizers: Sensitizers: Cause allergic reactions.Cause allergic reactions. Target-Organ Chemicals: Target-Organ Chemicals: Damage specific Damage specific

body organs and systems.body organs and systems. Reproductive Hazards: Reproductive Hazards: Change genetic Change genetic

information in egg or sperm cells and/or information in egg or sperm cells and/or damage fetus after conception.damage fetus after conception.

Carcinogens: Carcinogens: Cause cancer.Cause cancer.


Health HazardsHealth Hazards SensitizersSensitizers Target-Organ ChemicalsTarget-Organ Chemicals Reproductive HazardsReproductive Hazards CarcinogensCarcinogens


Health HazardsHealth Hazards IrritantsIrritants CorrosivesCorrosives

CorrosiveCorrosiveVisible destruction, or irreversible damage to

body tissueAcidsCaustics (or bases)

pH Scale

1 147Acids

Caustics (or bases)

HepatotoxinsHepatotoxinsChemicals which produce liver damageSigns and Symptoms: Jaundice, liver enlargementChemicals: Carbon Tetrachloride, nitrosamines

NephrotoxinsNephrotoxins

Chemicals which produce

kidney damage

Signs and Symptoms:

Edema

Chemicals: Halogenated

Hydrocarbons, uranium

Neurotoxins Neurotoxins Chemicals which produce

their primary toxic effects on the nervous system

Signs and Symptoms: Narcosis, behavioral changes, decreased motor function

Chemicals: Mercury, carbon disulfide, lead

Agents which act on the bloodAgents which act on the blood

Decrease hemoglobin function, deprive the body tissues of oxygen

Signs and Symptoms: Cyanosis, loss of consciousness

Chemicals: Carbon monoxide, cyanides

Agents which damage the lungsAgents which damage the lungs

Chemicals which damage pulmonary tissue

Signs and Symptoms: Cough, tightness in the chest, loss of breath

Chemicals: Asbestos, silica

Reproductive toxins Reproductive toxins Chemicals which damage

reproductive capabilities Includes chromosomal

damage (mutations) and damage to fetuses (teratogenesis)

Signs and Symptoms: Birth defects, sterility

Chemicals: Lead

Cutaneous hazardsCutaneous hazards Chemicals which effect the

dermal layer of the body Signs and Symptoms:

Defatting of the skin, rashes, irritation

Chemicals: Ketones, chlorinated compounds

Eye hazardsEye hazardsChemicals which affect the eye or visual

capacitySigns and symptoms: Conjunctivitis, corneal

damage, blurred vision, burning or irritationChemicals: Solvents, corrosives

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)are one of the most important tools

available to employers for providing information, and protectionto workers from hazardous chemicals

which are used in the workplace.

1910.1200 (g)(2) MSDS, 1910.1200 (g)(2) MSDS, required informationrequired information

Identity of the chemical Physical and chemical

characteristics Physical hazards Chemical hazards Primary routes of entry PEL’s or other exposure limits Control measures Emergency procedures

Whether the hazardous chemical is listed in the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Annual Report on Carcinogens

precautions for safe handling and use

Date of preparation Name, address and telephone

of the manufacturer

Material Safety Data Sheet U.S. Department of Labor

May be used to comply with Occupational Safety and Health Administration

OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard, (Non-Mandatory Form)

29 CFR 1910.1200. Standard must be consulted for specific requirements.

Form Approved

OMB No. 1218-0072

IDENTITY (As Used on Label and List) Note: Blank spaces are not permitted. If any item is not applicable, or no information is available, the space must be marked to indicate that.

Section I

Manufacturer's Name Emergency Telephone Number

Address (Number, Street, City, State, and ZIP Code) Telephone Number for Information

Date PreparedSignature of Preparer (optional)

Section II - Hazard Ingredients/Identity Information

Hazardous Components (Specific Chemical Identity;

Common Name(s)) OSHA PEL ACGIH TLV Other

Limits

Recommended %(optional)

Section III - Physical/Chemical Characteristics

Boiling Point Specific Gravity (H2O = 1)

Vapor Pressure (mm Hg.) Melting Point

Vapor Density (AIR = 1) Evaporation Rate(Butyl Acetate = 1)

Solubility in Water

Appearance and Odor

Section IV - Fire and Explosion Hazard Data

Flash Point (Method Used) Flammable Limits LELUEL

Extinguishing Media

Special Fire Fighting Procedures

Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards

Section V - Reactivity Data

Stability Unstable Conditions to Avoid

Stable

Incompatibility (Materials to Avoid)

Hazardous Decomposition or Byproducts

HazardousPolymerization May Occur Conditions to Avoid

Will Not Occur

Section VI - Health Hazard Data

Route(s) of Entry: Inhalation? Skin? Ingestion?

Health Hazards (Acute and Chronic)

Carcinogenicity: NTP? IARC Monographs? OSHA Regulated?

Signs and Symptoms of Exposure

Medical ConditionsGenerally Aggravated by Exposure

Emergency and First Aid Procedures

Section VII - Precautions for Safe Handling and Use

Steps to Be Taken in Case Material is Released or Spilled

Waste Disposal Method

Precautions to Be taken in Handling and Storing

Other Precautions

Section VIII - Control Measures

Respiratory Protection (Specify Type)

Ventilation Local Exhaust Special

Mechanical (General) Other

Protective Gloves Eye Protection

Other Protective Clothing or Equipment

Work/Hygienic Practices

Setting up a programSetting up a programThe HCS covers both:

– Physical hazards (such as flammability), and

– Health hazards (such as irritation, lung damage, and cancer)

Most chemicals used in the workplace have some hazard potential, and thus will be covered by the rule

Setting up a programSetting up a programOne difference between this rule and many

others adopted by OSHA is that this one is performance-oriented

That means that you have the flexibility to adapt the rule to the needs of your workplace, rather than having to follow specific, rigid requirements

Make a list of all chemicals in the workplace that are potentially hazardous

The best way to prepare a comprehensive list is to survey the workplace

Identify chemicals in containers, including pipes

Establish purchasing procedures so that MSDSs are being received before a material is used in the workplace

Setting up a programSetting up a program

Identify hazardous Identify hazardous chemicals in the workplace.chemicals in the workplace.

Compile a complete list of the potentially hazardous chemicals in the workplace

Determine if you have received material safety data sheets for all of them

If any are missing, contact your supplier and request one

You should not allow employees to use any chemicals for which you have not received an MSDS

Preparing and implementing a hazard Preparing and implementing a hazard communication programcommunication program

All workplaces where employees are exposed to

hazardous chemicals must have a written plan

The plan does not have to be lengthy or

complicated

Employee trainingEmployee training If there are only a few chemicals in the workplace,

then you may want to discuss each one individually

Where there are large numbers of chemicals, or the chemicals change frequently, you will probably want to train generally based on the hazard categories (e.g., flammable liquids, corrosive materials, carcinogens)

DocumentationDocumentationThe rule does not require

employers to maintain records of employee training, but many employers choose to do so

This may help you monitor your own program to ensure that all employees are appropriately trained

Hazard Communication


Recognizing Chemical Health Recognizing Chemical Health Effects-What to Look for.Effects-What to Look for. Symptoms appear while you are at Symptoms appear while you are at

work.work. Symptoms get worse during the work Symptoms get worse during the work

week but go away when you are off.week but go away when you are off. Fellow employees have reported similar Fellow employees have reported similar

symptoms.symptoms.


Forms of Chemical HazardsForms of Chemical Hazards Solids, Liquids, Gases, Vapors, Mists, Solids, Liquids, Gases, Vapors, Mists,

Dusts, and Fumes.Dusts, and Fumes. Exposure RoutesExposure Routes


Control of Chemical Hazards Control of Chemical Hazards and Exposuresand Exposures Engineering and Mechanical ControlsEngineering and Mechanical Controls Personal Protective EquipmentPersonal Protective Equipment Administrative and Procedural ControlsAdministrative and Procedural Controls


Chemical Spill ResponseChemical Spill Response Requires Special TrainingRequires Special Training

What can I do?What can I do?


Chemical Spill ResponseChemical Spill ResponseCFR 1910.120 Hazardous Waste Operations and Response Standard CFR 1910.120 Hazardous Waste Operations and Response Standard

(HAZWOPER)(HAZWOPER)

Option #1-Evacuate employees and call Option #1-Evacuate employees and call in professional emergency response in professional emergency response personnel. (EAP) 29 CFR1010.38(a)personnel. (EAP) 29 CFR1010.38(a)

Option #2-Respond internally. (EAP) 29 CFR Option #2-Respond internally. (EAP) 29 CFR 1010.1201010.120

Emergency Action Plan (EAP)Emergency Action Plan (EAP)


Emergency Response Plan Emergency Response Plan (ERP)(ERP)



First Aid for Chemical ExposureFirst Aid for Chemical Exposure IngestionIngestion InhalationInhalation Skin ContactSkin Contact Eye ContactEye Contact BurnsBurns


ReviewReview 1. Give the names of the two chemical hazards. 2. What name is given to a chemical which will burst into flame when

contacted by air? 3. What term is given to chemicals which can cause and /or support fire in

other materials? 4. What is a health hazard? 5. Which kind of health hazard destroys skin on contact? 6. Chemicals that cause sterility, fetal death, and birth defects are called

____________. 7. What is a carcinogen? 8. Give the three states in which a chemical can exist. 9. Give the three ways employees can be exposed to health hazards. 10.What are the most common skin contact hazards? 11.What is an MSDS? 12.What kind of information is found on the MSDS?

lecture 3-chemical safetyrevision

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