lecture 2.ppt 0

8/13/2019 Lecture 2.Ppt 0

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EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROCESS

Definition:

ensemble of events (biological, environmental,socioeconomic! "#ic# contrib$te to t#e

a%%earance an& s%rea&ing of &isease (#ealt#%roblem! in a %o%$lation


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E%i&emiological %rocess ' biosocial com%le:

biological element ) &isease (infectio$s%rocess, comm$nicable &isease, noninfectio$s

&isease*noncomm$nicable &isease, #ealt#&isor&er!

social element %o%$lation at ris+


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Infectio$s %rocess ) local an& generalconse$ences of micromacroorganisminteraction

Infectio$s &isease ) &isease ca$se& b- t#e%at#ogen agent, a %at#ogenic microorganismor toins, transmitte& from a %erson or ananimal, to ot#er s$sce%tible %erson


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Infectio$s &isease occ$rs if:

microorganism ) %at#ogenic factors

DMI

#$man organism ) &efense mec#anisms(s$sce%tibilit-*resistence!


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Infection:

anatomic sit$s of infection

center of contagion

so$rce of %at#ogenic agents (#$man, animal!

area (con&itions for transmission!

%o%$lation (s$sce%tibilit-!

nat$ral center of contagion

etra#$man so$rse, %at#ogenic agent, vector insect


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Str$ct$re:

Determining factors

.avo$ring factors


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Str$ct$re :

determining(%rinci%al! factors

so$rce of %at#ogenic agents or ris+ factors

ro$te*"a- of transmision

s$sce%tible*rece%tive %o%$lation

favouring(secon&ar-! factors

nat$ral factors (geogra%#ical, cosmic, climatological) climate, "eat#er con&itions!

social an& economic factors (living, "or+ingcon&itions!


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Ca$se (et#iolog-!:

Infectio$s*comm$nicable &isease (ID*CD!

%at#ogenic agent MID

/oninfectio$s*noncomm$nicable (/ID*/CD!

ris+ factors

c$m$lative &ose

aggressive mit$res


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So$rce:

ID*CD ) so$rce for %at#ogenic agents

#$man

etra#$man

/ID*/CD so$rce for ris+ factors

environment (nat$ral environment, "or+ing %lace!

life st-le


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0ransmission

ID*CD

"a- of transmission

ro$te of transmission (air, "ater, soil, #an&s,etc1!

/ID*/CD

ro$te of transmission

eogene (air, "ater, soil, foo&, #an&s, etc1!

en&ogene (met#abolic, #ormonal &isor&ers, etc1!


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ID*CD

Rece%tive*s$sce%tible %o%$lation

/ID*/CD

2$lnerable*s$sce%tible %o%$lation


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Am%lif-ing factors for e%i&emiological %rocess

ID*CD an& /ID*/CD:

nat$ral (environmental! factors

economic factors

social factors


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C#aracteristics (EP for ID*CD an& /ID*/CD!:

Screening

Prevention

ID*CD ) general, s%ecial, s%ecific /ID*/CD ) %rimor&ial, %rimar-, secon&ar-, tertiar-


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C#aracteristics (EP for ID*CD an& /ID*/CD!:

Screening

Prevention

ID*CD ) general, s%ecial, s%ecific

/ID*/CD ) %rimor&ial, %rimar-, secon&ar-, tertiar-

lecture 2.ppt 0

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