By: Mr Hashem AlaidarosMIS 101

Main Topics• Computer software types• 32 bit vs. 64 bit• Malware

Software TypesSoftware: It is a group of programs that tells the computer

hardware what to do.Programs: is a group of commands written in a specific

programming language to solve a specific problem.Programming Language: is a group of instructions and rules

that perform operations on data processingSince computer doesn’t understand human language,

programming language is inventedHigh level language (understandable by human): Java, C++Low level language (understandably by computer

hardware): Assembly language

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Example of Java Language

04/21/23 © Mr Hashem Alaidaros 4

Software TermsOpen Source Software: It is software that its

programming language is able to be read and customized.More flexible

Freeware Software: It is a copywrited software, available to use for free forever.Close Source

Types of SoftwareThere are three main types of

software:1. System software (Operating System)2. Utility software 3. Application software

1. System SoftwareSystem Software: It is software that controls and

manages the operations that deal directly to the computer hardwareOperating System (OS)

Operating System (OS) functions: 1. Allow users to run application software2. Manages the computer processes3. Functioning as interface that connects the user, the

application and the hardware. How?

System Software Examples Basic Input / Output System (BIOS) Disk Operating System (DOS) Windows (Microsoft product) Most targeted by hackers and Malwares iOS (Apple product) More suitable for graphics design Linux: (Unix family) Open source Android (Google product) Designed for smart phones

MultitaskingThe execution of two

or more programs by one user concurrently on the same computer with one central processor

2. Utility SoftwareUtility Programs allow the user to perform maintenance-type

tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs

• Types of utility softwareo Disk imageo Disk optimization o Encrypt datao File and data recovery o Text protecto Preventative security o Spywareo Uninstaller

-Msconfig -Restore -Page file

-Task Manager -System log

-Control Panel -Remote Acces

3. Application Software• Application software are programs that perform specific

tasks for users (It is the reason that one wants to buy a computer).

• Types of application softwareo Bowsero Communicationo Data managemento E-mailo Presentation graphicso Programmingo Spreadsheeto Word processing

Application SoftwareIncludes many executable files and data files:

Installer program (eg: setup.exe)Uninstaller program (why important?)Main executable file (eg: winword.exe)Support modules (eg: .dll files)

Called by the PROGRAM, not by the userData modules (eg: MS Word

dictionary)

Application SoftwareTwo types of Application software:

1. Prewritten application software2. Custom application software

1. Pre-written• Pre-written application: It is ready application that is designed and

developed for public use.

• For this type of application: Users only need to install (with a little modification if need) the software on their hardware

• Available on the hand

• Examples of pre-written software may include:• MS Word• Skype• Second Live

2. CustomCustom Software: It is software that is designed for specific purpose

and to meet organization’s needs.

In these cases, the business may have its own programmers to create a software to meet their needs

Programmer: Someone who develops application or system software

Examples of custom application software may include: Payroll Accounting Project Management

What are the differences between pro-written and custom software?

32 bit vs. 64 bitCPU, OS, and Software can be 32 bit or 64 bitCPU-32 bit

CPU processes 32 bit of data per one cycleCPU-64 bit

CPU processes 64 bits of data per one cycleWhich one has better speed? Why?OS- 32 bit

Support up to 4 GB of RAMOS-64 bits

Support more than 4 GB of RAM With CPU-32 bit, only OS-32 bit with Software-32 bit is supported In CPU-64 bit, OS-32 bit with Software-32 can be supported OS-32 bit only supports Software-32 bit

MalwareMalware or MALicious softWARE: is a program that is written

to attack or harm systems and files.

Malware can:• Delete files• Slow down computer and network• Send emails automatically• Control the computer remotely or open backdoor on the

victim computer

Malware main types: Virus Worms Trojan horse

Malware• Virus: is a program that repeat itself into files and systems.

• It has to attach itself to a program or a file (exe files)• It has to be clicked to activate the virus

• Worm: is type of virus that spread itself into other computers via networks.• It doesn’t attach itself to a program or a file• It activate itself with human intervention

Trojan horse: is type of malware that attach itself to a program or a file and open backdoor on the victim computer Used for spying and controlling the victim computer

Spyware• Spyware is a small computer program that

monitors what you are doing with your computer resources.

• Mostly come from advertisement pop-up

• Auntispyware software: adware, microsoft antispyware

Software Updates• Operating system and application software must

be always up to date (update)

• How often should be updated?

• Benefits of updates:• Security• Efficiency