Lecture 2

Forming TeamsApril 3, 2008

Some suggested guidelines

• Decide on your Team• Decide on your project• Choose a leader

– The leader can be rotated

• Choose roles– who does what on team

• Choose means of communication– e.g. e-mail, phone, web-site, face-to-face– frequency of meetings (when and where)

• Decide on ground rules– What to do when a team member is not pulling weight?– What to do if the goals are seen as not reachable?– What to do if you can’t agree

Rules

• Write down these rules. Give your team a name. Everybody signs. Submit to Rahul next Tuesday

Guidelines (cont.)For meetings• Show up• Show up on time • Assign and rotate roles

– Time keeper, scribe, leader– Have agenda, capture action items (who what when)– Take process breaks periodically, ask yourself

• Are you sticking to an agenda or are you wandering off the subject?• Do you have an agenda?• Is everybody contributing or are some dominating?• Are you reaching your expectations for the meeting?

• Write down agreements and disagreements• Write down actions and plans for resolution • Write down all “action items” (what, who, when)• Review action items beginning each meeting• Try and invent new ways of interacting- the object is effectiveness

Test of team effectiveness

•After third and fifth week – Ask yourselves

•Is your Team functioning well? •If not do you have a plan to improve?•How well is this plan working?•Do you require any intervention?

Emphasis on improvement. Avoid “blame”Rahul and I are available for counseling if issues can not be resolved

What types of class teams have been successful at

Caltech (n=30)• Best teams- commitment respect

and integrity (most important!)

• A product that people believe in(helps but less important)

• Similar backgrounds(least important)

Introduce Yourselves

• Who are you?• Class, concentration, graduate

department• One unusual thing about yourself

To begin. . .

• Need to form a Team by end of today– 2-4 people with 3 optimum– Graded students on teams, P/Fs on

Teams, Auditors on Teams. – Look for compatibility– Don’t have to be friends coming in. – Choose name for your Team

• Form Teams • Submit team name and members

by the end of the day to Rahul • Discuss Candidate Topics• Read First Case and Present sol’n

on Tuesday• Volunteer Team to present first

case

Date Task

April 1

April 3

This is an early and important (but not irrevocable) decision in this Class. Some thoughts: 2-4 students, but 3 is optimum. Common Goals. Common commitment.

Name of team, Signed Team statement “Rules of the Road” due

April 8 Topic Proposal due. This is a 2 page Plan of Action, What you will do, Schedule of events and Responsibility assignment.

April 17 Submit Progress, Schedule, Milestones. Team evaluation exercise

April 21

May 3 First draft. This is a 5 page Outline of Results to date with a schedule of what needs to be done..

June 2 Final Report due. The Final report should be maximum 15-20 pages double-spaced.

June 2 Final Presentation to class. These should take approximately 30 minutes (~15 ppt slides)

Date Task (Tentative!)

April 3

April 8

Form a team This is an early and important (but not irrevocable) decision in this Class. Common Goals. Common commitment. Name of team, Signed Team statement “Rules of the Road” due

Topic Proposal due. This is a 2 page Plan of Action, What you will do, Schedule of events and Responsibility assignment.

April 17 Submit Progress, Schedule, Milestones. Team evaluation exercise

April 21

May 1 First draft. This is a 5 page Outline of Results to date with a schedule of what needs to be done..

June 2 Final Report due. The Final report should be maximum 15-20 pages double-spaced.

June 2 Final Presentation to class. These should take approximately 30 minutes (~15 ppt slides)

Consider business ecosystems

• loose networks—of suppliers, distributors, outsourcing firms, makers of related products or services, technology providers, and a host of other organizations—affect, and are affected by, the creation and delivery of a company's own offerings.

• Like an individual species in a biological ecosystem, each member of a business ecosystem ultimately shares the fate of the network as a whole, regardless of that member's apparent strength. From their earliest days, Wal-Mart and Microsoft—unlike companies that focus primarily on their internal capabilities—have realized this and pursued strategies that not only aggressively further their own interests but also promote their ecosystems' overall health.

-Marco Iansiti, Roy Levien

Walmart

• Shipping connections• Supplier connections• Global market• Interface with local govt• Inventory mgmt• Customers

Business Ecosystems•Give some examples of companies and industries which use the ecosystem model well

•What has changed in the ecosystem model in these industries in recent years?

Examples of business ecosystems

• Defense Industry DOD, Primes, subcontractors, sub-subs etc., Congress, Allies

• Wall Street analysts, brokers, traders, members, SEC, investors, IT, etc.

• What is changing here?

What’s changing in these areas?

• Health Care– Population is getting older– Insurance comp have lot of control

• Globalization China and India– Middle class developing rapidly – Harder to find qualified employees

• Energy– Fossil fuel prices dramatically rising– Green energy bubble

• Global Warming– Govt involvement in emission regulation

• Wireless connectivity• War on Terror

What can happen to disturb the ecosystem?

Some Major Drivers of Change

•War•Technology•Economic/Political

War as a Driver of Change

• WW1– Aviation

• WW2– Jet aircraft– Radar– Nuclear energy

• Cold War– Semiconductors and Computers– Missiles, Communication Satellites– Internet

• War on Terrorism– ?

Technology as a driver of change

Fundamental Law

Technology change opportunity

Always opportunities but there are times when opportunity abounds

Economic/Political Issues Drive Change

• Globalization• Modernization and Rise

– China – India– SE Asia– Eastern Europe

• Oil and Energy • European Unification• What else?

Relationship between subject matter knowledge and process knowledge

• Do you have to be a Technology expert in

the area you are studying? – Ignorance is not bliss– However technical knowledge does not

guarantee good strategy• What are the pitfalls

– of knowing too little?– of knowing “too much”?

Definition of Technology

• Main Entry: tech·nol·o·gy• Pronunciation: -jE• Function: noun• Inflected Form(s): plural -gies• Etymology: Greek technologia systematic treatment of an art, from technE

art, skill + -o- + -logia -logy• Date: 1859• 1 a : the practical application of knowledge especially in a particular area :

ENGINEERING 2 <medical technology> b : a• capability given by the practical application of knowledge <a car's fuel-

saving technology>• 2 : a manner of accomplishing a task especially using technical processes,

methods, or knowledge <new technologies for information storage>• 3 : the specialized aspects of a particular field of endeavor <educational

technology>• - tech·nol·o·gist /-jist/ noun • Source Merriam-Webster web dictionary

Technology as a growth agent

•How does Technology drive these industries?– Semiconductors and Electronics – Communications and Information– Consumer– Health care– Automotive– Aerospace

Why is it hard to predict technology change?

• Technologies evolve and rates can be difficult to predict. – Effect of long product cycles (such as military- except in War)

• Transition from science to engineering is easy to get wrong• The problem is confounded by numerous coupled factors

(Technology by itself is never the only issue)– Market– Financial– What else?

• It is difficult to get objective judgement– Bias is built in by those who “know too much” as well as those who know too

little– Bias is built into the group (university, government or corporation)– Bias is built into the society– No one person knows enough

• Often “Winner takes all”

Technologies that didn’t happen the way people

predicted

Name some technologies that didn’t pan out the way they were

supposed to

• Fuel cells• Clear pepsi• Laser discs• Mini discs• Electric car• Nanotechnology• Laser technology, STAR Wars

Some recent infamous misses in Technology

• Iridium- Motorola satellite communication system– Launched on Nov 1, 1998: Chapter 11

Bankruptcy on August 13, 1999. Failure due to:

– Competition from cellular – Insufficient demand – The cost of service prohibitive for many

users– Mismanagement – Company raised $5B. Bought for $25

million. (Wikipedia)

Some recent infamous misses in Technology

• Accurate translation software– English: Hi, My name is Ken. I'm

giving a talk at the Caltech Management Association.

Some recent infamous misses in Technology

• Accurate translation software– English: Hi, My name is Ken. I'm

giving a talk at the Caltech Management Association.

– Google Spanish: Hi, mi nombre es Ken. Estoy dando una charla en la asociación de la gerencia de Caltech.

Some recent infamous misses in Technology

• Accurate translation software– English: Hi, My name is Ken. I'm giving a

talk at the Caltech Management Association.

– Google Spanish: Hi, mi nombre es Ken. Estoy dando una charla en la asociación de la gerencia de Caltech.

– Google English: Hi, my name is Ken. I am giving to char it in the association of the management of Caltech.

Some recent infamous misses in Technology

• X-Ray lithography– Predicted for the 70s. What

happened?– “The introduction of chemically

amplified resists to enable DUV lithography in the mid-1990s was the most radical change in the past decade.” Peter Silverman, Intel Corporation” Future Fab Intl. Volume 21, 2006

Some recent infamous misses in Technology

• Holographic memory– “Although holographic memory was

first suggested in 1963, it has failed to find commercial success so far. However, Hans Coufal, an expert in the technology at IBM's Almaden Laboratory in California, says the holographic memory could challenge formats such as Blu-ray and HD-DVD.”Will Knight, 8:23 NewScientist.com 24 November 2005

Some recent infamous misses in Technology

• Artificial Heart• Many examples from The Drug Delivery Process• Genomics• Maglev• Nuclear power• Fusion power• Cold fusion • SST• High temperature superconductors• Virtual reality• Knowledge Management• Laser Disc• Betamax

Some recent infamous misses in Technology

• Flying Car• Electric car• Fuel Cell Car• Flywheel Energy Storage• E books• Tablet PCs• LA Metro System• Many others, for example?Later, we will discuss some tools that help you make

an assessment that avoids some of the obvious mistakes

What drives Technology?

Moore’s Law

Technological Capability

Year

Capability

Technological Capability

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One year ago at Frys.com 500 GB @ $159.00 or $0.32/GBNow 750 GB @ $149.99 or $0.20/GB

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