lecture 2 components of a computer system

7/30/2019 Lecture 2 Components of a Computer System

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Living in a Digital World

Discovering

Computers 2010


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Objectives Overview

Differentiate among variousstyles of system units on

desktop computers,

notebook computers, andmobile devices

Identify chips, adaptercards, and othercomponents of a

motherboard

Describe the control unitand arithmetic logic unit

components of a processor,

and explain the four steps ina machine cycle

Identify characteristics ofvarious personal computer

processors on the markettoday, and describe the

ways processors are cooled

Define a bit and describe

how a series of bitsrepresents data

Explain how program

instructions transfer in andout of memory

Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World

Chapter 42See Page 209

for Detailed Objectives


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Objectives Overview

Differentiate among the varioustypes of memory

Describe the purpose and typesof expansion slots and adaptercards, and differentiate among

slots for various removable flashmemory devices

Differentiate between a port anda connector, and explain the

differences among a USB port,FireWire port, Bluetooth port,

SCSI port, eSATA port, IrDA port,serial port, and MIDI port

Describe the types of buses in acomputer

Explain the purpose of a power

supply and describe how it keepscool

Understand how to clean a

system unit on a computer ormobile device


Chapter 43See Page 209

for Detailed Objectives


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The System Unit

The system unitis a case that contains the electronic

components of the computer used to process data


Chapter 44Page 210

Figure 4-1


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The System Unit

The inside of the system unit on a desktop

personal computer includes:


Chapter 45Page 211

Figure 4-2

Drive bay(s)

Power supply

Sound card

Video card

Processor

Memory


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The System Unit

The motherboard is the main circuit board of the

system unit

A computer chip contains integrated circuits


Chapter 46Page 212

Figure 4-3


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Processor

The processor, also called the central processing

unit (CPU), interprets and carries out the basic

instructions that operate a computer

Contain a control unit and an arithmetic logic unit

(ALU)


Chapter 47Page 213

Multi-coreprocessor

Dual-coreprocessor

Quad-coreprocessor


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Processor


Chapter 48Page 213

Figure 4-4


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Processor

The control unitis the component of the

processor that directs and coordinates most of

the operations in the computer

The arithmetic logic unit(ALU) performs

arithmetic, comparison, and other operations


Chapter 49Page 214

Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 4, Click WebLink from left navigation,then click Control Unitbelow Chapter 4
http://www.scsite.com/dc2010cp/ch4/weblink/


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Processor

For every instruction, a processor repeats a set of

four basic operations, which comprise a machine

cycle


Chapter 410Page 215

Figure 4-5


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Processor

The processor contains registers, thattemporarily hold data and instructions

The system clockcontrols the timing

of all computer operations The pace of the system clock is called the clock

speed, and is measured in gigahertz (GHz)


Chapter 411Page 216


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Processor

The leading

manufacturers of

personal computer

processor chips are Inteland AMD


Chapter 412Pages 216 217

Figure 4-7

Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 4, Click WebLink from left navigation,then click Multi-CoreProcessors below Chapter 4


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Processor

Parallel processing uses multiple processors

simultaneously to execute a single program or task

Massively parallel processing involves hundreds or thousands of

processors


Chapter 413Page 220

Figure 4-11


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Data Representation

A computer circuit representsthe 0 or the 1 electronically by

the presence or absence of an

electrical charge

Eight bits grouped together as aunit are called a byte. A byte

represents a single character in

the computer


Chapter 414Page 221

Figures 4-12 4-13


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Data Representation

ASCII (American

Standard Code for

Information

Interchange) is the mostwidely used coding

scheme to represent

data


Chapter 415Page 221

Figure 4-14


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Memory

Memory consists of electronic components that

store instructions waiting to be executed by the

processor, data needed by those instructions, and

the results of processing the data

Stores three basic categories of items:


Chapter 416Page 223

The operatingsystem and othersystem software

Applicationprograms

Data beingprocessed and theresulting

information


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Memory

Each location in memory has an address

Memory size is measured in kilobytes (KB or K),

megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), orterabytes

(TB)


Chapter 417Page 223

Figure 4-17


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Memory

The system unit contains two types of memory:


Chapter 418Pages 223 - 224

Volatile memory

Loses its contents whenpower is turned off

Example includes RAM

Nonvolatile memory

Does not lose contentswhen power is removed

Examples include ROM,flash memory, and

CMOS


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Memory

Three basic types of RAM chips exist:


Chapter 419Page 225

Figure 4-19

Dynamic RAM(DRAM)

Static RAM (SRAM)Magnetoresistive

RAM (MRAM)


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Memory

Memory cache speeds the processes of the computer

because it stores frequently used instructions and data


Chapter 420Page 227

Figure 4-22

Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 4, Click WebLink from left navigation,then click WindowsReadyBoost below Chapter 4


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Memory

Read-only memory (ROM) refers to memory chipsstoring permanent data and instructions

Firmware

A PROM (programmable read-only memory) chip is ablank ROM chip that can be written to permanently

EEPROM can be erased


Chapter 421Page 228

Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 4, Click WebLink from left navigation,then click ROMbelow Chapter 4


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Memory

Flash memorycan be erased electronically and

rewritten

CMOStechnology provides high speeds and consumes

little power


Chapter 422Pages 228 229

Figure 4-23


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Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards

Removable flash memory includes:

Memory cards, USB flash drives, and PC

Cards/ExpressCard modules

Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 23Page 231

lecture 2 components of a computer system

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