lecture 10 soil vapor extraction, air sparging, and soil ... · air sparging concept vadose...
TRANSCRIPT
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Lecture 10
Soil vapor extraction, air sparging,and soil flushing
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Air stripper in Acton, MA. It is installed on an Acton public supply well affected by the W.R. Grace Superfund Site. Image courtesy of Peter Shanahan.
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1,1-DCE Plume in Palo Alto, California
>10,000 ppb
>1000 ppb
>100 ppb
>10 ppb
CONCENTRATIONOF 1,1-DCE
Monitoring well
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Capture Zone ModelLimit ofCaptureZone
WellWellW6
W3
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Plume after Pump and Treat Starts
>1000 ppb
>100 ppb
>10 ppb
>1 ppb
CONCENTRATIONOF 1,1-DCE
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Concentrations in Withdrawal Wells
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
12/15/1987 12/14/1988 12/15/1989 12/15/1990
Con
cent
ratio
n (u
g/L)
1,1-DCE in W31,1,1-TCA in W31,1-DCE in W61,1,1-TCA in W6
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Concentrations in Withdrawal Wells
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
12/15/1987 12/14/1988 12/15/1989 12/15/1990
Con
cent
ratio
n (u
g/L)
1,1-DCE in W3 1,1,1-TCA in W31,1-DCE in W6 1,1,1-TCA in W6MCL for 1,1-DCE MCL for 1,1,1-TCA
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6/1/93 1/1/94 6/1/94 1/1/95 6/1/95
0
4000
8000
12000
16000
20000
Con
cent
ratio
n of
TC
E (u
g/L)
6/1/93 1/1/94 6/1/94 1/1/95 6/1/95
0
400
800
1200
Con
cent
ratio
n of
TC
E (u
g/L)
LegendRecovery Well 1Recovery Well 2MCL for TCE - 5 ug/L
Concentrations in Pump and Treat Recovery Wellsat manufacturing facility, Hutchinson, Kansas
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Historical Recognition of Limitations of Pump & Treat
1989 – Articles in Ground Water and ES&T question pump and treat remediation
1989 – EPA review finds only 1 out of 19 systems reached cleanup goals
1991 – EPA holds seminars on DNAPLs1992 – EPA issues “Estimating Potential for DNAPLs
at Superfund Sites”1993 – EPA issues “Technical Impracticability”
guidance1994 – National Research Council study finds 69 out
of 77 systems did not reach cleanup
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Source: U.S. EPA, 2002. Groundwater Remedies Selected at Superfund Sites. Report No. EPA-542-R-01-022. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. January 2002.
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Source: U.S. EPA, 2002. Groundwater Remedies Selected at Superfund Sites. Report No. EPA-542-R-01-022. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. January 2002.
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Soil Vapor Extraction (SVE)
Adapted from: Hansen Web Design, February 23, 2003. Environews. U.S. Army at Badger Army Ammunition Plant. Baraboo, WI. http://www.badgeraap.org/environews/envmarapr99g.htm. Accessed February 27, 2003.
Air/Water Separator
VaporTreatment
Unit
Contaminated Soil
Vapor Flow Vapor Flow
Vapor Extraction Well
Valve
Vacuum Gauge
Vacuum Pump
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SVE System
See image at the Web site of Wayne Perry, Inc., Soil Vapor Extraction Systems, http://www.wpinc.com/remedy/remedy30.html Accessed May 11, 2004.
Source: Wayne Perry, Inc., undated. Soil Vapor Extraction Systems. Wayne Perry, Inc., Buena Park, CA. http://www.wpinc.com/remedy/remedy30.html. Accessed November 17, 2002.
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SVE Vapor Treatment
See image at the Web site of Environmental Support Technologies, Inc., Vapor Extraction Vent Testing and Treatment Systems, http://www.est-inc.com/vapext.htmAccessed May 11, 2004.
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SVE Instrumentation and Controls
See image at the Web site of Applied Hydrology Associates, Inc., Soil Vapor Extraction, Air Sparging, and Bioventing. http://www.appliedhydrology.com/soil.htmAccessed May 11, 2004.
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Paulsboro, NJ Oil Terminal
See image at the Web site of Environmental Satellite, Paulsboro, New Jersey. http://www.paulsboroterminal.com/agrave.asp?get=/Paulsboro_Pipeline/Fall_1999/gis_diagramAccessed May 11, 2004.
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Paulsboro SVE System
See image at the Web site of Environmental Satellite, Paulsboro, New Jersey. http://www.paulsboroterminal.com/agrave.asp?get=/Paulsboro_Pipeline/Fall_2000/Treating_the_VaporsAccessed May 11, 2004.
BP Amoco, 2000. A Closer Look at Soil Vapor Extraction. Paulsboro Pipeline - Fall 2000. http://www.paulsboroterminal.com/agrave.asp?get=/Paulsboro_Pipeline/Fall_2000/Treating_the_Vapors
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SVE System - Paulsboro
See image at the Web site of Environmental Satellite, Paulsboro, New Jersey. http://www.paulsboroterminal.com/agrave.asp?get=/Paulsboro_Pipeline/Fall_2000/The_SVE_System_at_the_Paulsboro_TerminalAccessed May 11, 2004.
BP Amoco, 2000. A Closer Look at Soil Vapor Extraction. Paulsboro Pipeline - Fall 2000. http://www.paulsboroterminal.com/agrave.asp?get=/Paulsboro_Pipeline/Fall_2000/The_SVE_System_at_the_Paulsboro_Terminal
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Air Sparging & SVE
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, undated. A Citizen’s Guide to Soil Vapor Extraction and Air Sparging. Technology Innovation Office, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington D.C. http://www.epa.gov/swertio1/download/citizens/citsve.pdf. Accessed May 12, 2004.
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Air Sparging Concept
Vadose (Unsaturated) Zone
Air Sparging Concept
Air
Air Injection Well
Saturated Zone
Radius of Influence (ROI)
Adapted from: Sprague, Nicolle and Arnaud Delahay. Air Sparging. Groundwater Pollution Primer, CE 4594: Groundwater and Soil Pollution. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Virginia
Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 1998. www.ce.vt.edu/.../tech/gwprimer/airsparg2/airsparg.html
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Moderate Air Injection
See Figure 7 in: Ji, W., A. Dahmani, D. P. Ahlfeld, J. D. Lin and E. Hill, 1993. "Laboratory study of air sparging: air flow visualization." Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, Vol. 13, No. 4, Pp. 115-126.
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High Air Injection – Uniform Medium
See Figure 8 in: Ji, W., A. Dahmani, D. P. Ahlfeld, J. D. Lin and E. Hill, 1993. "Laboratory study of air sparging: air flow visualization." Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, Vol. 13, No. 4, Pp. 115-126.
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High Air Injection – Mixed Medium
See Figure 11 in: Ji, W., A. Dahmani, D. P. Ahlfeld, J. D. Lin and E. Hill, 1993. "Laboratory study of air sparging: air flow visualization." Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, Vol. 13, No. 4, Pp. 115-126.
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Stratified Medium Setup
See Figure 13 in: Ji, W., A. Dahmani, D. P. Ahlfeld, J. D. Lin and E. Hill, 1993. "Laboratory study of air sparging: air flow visualization." Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, Vol. 13, No. 4, Pp. 115-126.
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Moderate Air Injection – Stratified Medium
See Figure 16 in: Ji, W., A. Dahmani, D. P. Ahlfeld, J. D. Lin and E. Hill, 1993. "Laboratory study of air sparging: air flow visualization." Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, Vol. 13, No. 4, Pp. 115-126.
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Air Sparging Microview
Low pressure →discontinuous air passage
High pressure →continuous air passage
See Figure 7a in: Elder, C. R. and C. H. Benson, 1999. "Air Channel Formation, Size, Spacing, and Tortuosity During Air Sparging." Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, Vol. 19, No. 3, Pp. 171.
See Figure 7b in: Elder, C. R. and C. H. Benson, 1999. "Air Channel Formation, Size, Spacing, and Tortuosity During Air Sparging." Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, Vol. 19, No. 3, Pp. 171.
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Air Sparging – Bubble Movement
See Figure 5 in: Roosevelt, S. E. and M. Y. Corapcioglu, 1998. "Air bubble migration in a granular porous medium: Experimental studies." Water Resources Research, Vol. 34, No. 5, Pp. 1131-1142.
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Air Sparging Conceptual Models
See Figure 12 in: Clayton, W. S., 1998. "A Field and Laboratory Investigation of Air Fingering During Air Sparging." Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, Vol. 18, No. 3, Pp. 134-145.
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Woburn Wells G&H
Superfund Site, Massachusetts
Source: Environmental Protection Agency, Region 1, Waste Site Cleanup & Reuse in New England, http://www.epa.gov/ne/superfund/sites/wellsgh/42364_TOC_Text.pdf. Accessed May 11, 2004.
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Bedrock or Compacted Till
TopsoilCollected Vapors
Sparging Air Backfilled Trench
Air SpargingWell
Groundwater Extraction Well
Groundwater Capture Zone
Aerated Zone
Treatment System
750 50 100 150
50
25
0
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0 0
20
40
60
80
100
7-1-94 21-1-94 4-2-94 18-2-94
Date
Vacuum Step Test
Pid Concentrations-Vapor Probes Inside Pilot Cell (Screened 0'-2')
Comprehensive SamplingDeep Sparging
Pid
Con
cent
ratio
n (to
tal V
OC
s ppm
-v)
Air
Flow
Rat
e (c
fm)
4-3-94 18-3-94 1-4-94 15-4-94
10
20
30
40
Shallow Sparging Test
Recovery Period
PID mean Sparging flow rate Vacuum flow rate
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20-10-930
0
500
1000
1500
50
100
150
200
250
300
17-1-94 21-1-94 07-2-94
TCE
(ug/
L)TC
E (u
g/L)
15-2-94 21-2-94 09-3-94
20-10-93 17-1-94 21-1-94 07-2-94 15-2-94 21-2-94 09-3-94
NP-1D, Groundwater-TCE
NP-2S, Groundwater-TCE
Baseline
Shallow Sparging Test
Comprehensive Sampling
Recovery Period
Date
Date