lecture 10 egypt in the first millennium bc (2)
TRANSCRIPT
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Egypt in the first millennium BC (2) The ‘Late Period’, c. 700 BC onwards
Tony Leahy
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The battle over Egypt, c 730-664 BC
Nubian/Kushite king Rassam Cylinder (cuneiform)
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Main features • Reunification by Twenty-sixth Dynasty, 664-525 BC
• Greeks in Egypt and renewed contacts with Aegean c. 650 BC onwards
• Persian Conquest, 525 BC
• Renewed but fragile independence, 404-332 BC
• ‘Liberation’ by Alexander the Great, 332 BC led to 300 years of rule by the Ptolemies
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The Twenty-sixth Dynasty (664-525 BC) Psammetichus I of Sais, unifier and saviour
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An example of archaism: scribal statues c. 2500 BC c. 650 BC
Revival of a distinctive pose to embody the respect accorded to literacy
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Herodotus of Halicarnassus Book II of his ‘Histories’ on Egypt (c. 450 BC)
‘Father of history’ or ‘Father of lies’ ?
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Faience inlay, shrine of Necho II, Ialysos, Rhodes
• Necho II, after a victorious siege of a town in Syria sent the clothes he wore on that occasion ‘as an offering to Apollo at Branchidae in Milesia’. (Herodotus II, 159)
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Greek soldiers in Egypt
Wahibremakhet
Pedon
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The Egyptian striding statue as inspiration for the Greek kouros
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The Persian Conquest 526 BC
• Cambyses seized Egypt and had the body of the recently deceased king Amasis dig up, mutilated and burnt (Herodotus III)
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Persians in Egypt An ‘Egyptian’ statue of Darius from Susa
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Udjahorresne of Sais – a lengthy self-justification
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‘Hybrid’ stelae from Saqqara for a Carian and a Persian (6th/5th centuries BC)
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The Serapeum and the cult of the Apis bull
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‘Sacred’ animals Ibis galleries
5 million mummies?
A feature of late Egyptian religion
Saqqara
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Saqqara as a religious centre
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Saqqara temple platforms
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Thirtieth Dynasty revival: Nectanebo I and II look back to 26th Dynasty
Naucratis stela testimony to
economic/political aspects
Extensive building activity across
whole country
High quality sculpture and relief
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Alexander the Great and Egypt
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The two faces of the Ptolemies
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The last temples: Edfu
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Edfu pylon and solar court
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Bastions of Egyptian culture
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The Rosetta stone: key to deciphering ancient Egyptian language and relations between Egyptians and
Ptolemies
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Philae, the last outpost –latest dated hieroglyphic inscription 394 AD
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The end • Egypt became Roman
province after death of Cleopatra VII
• Coptic script appears 2nd century AD
• Constantine I first Christian emperor 305 AD
• Theodosius I closed temples 391 AD
• Defacement of temples and occupation of tombs
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Enjoy the Christmas break!
• Assessment for this module is by 1.5 hour exam in May/June. See Canvas for recent paper and further guidance.
• Feel free to email with any queries
• Friday 3 pm slot will be filled next term by the wonders of ancient Western Asia