PRINCIPLES OF

TRANSLATION

Rida Wahyuningrum

English DepartmentFaculty of Language an Science

Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya

By the end of this lecture, you will be able to answer questions about:

1. The definition of translation2. Theories of translation3. Types of translation

Rida Wahyuningrum English Department

Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya

What is Translation?

Translation is defined as substituting a text in a source language (SL) with that in a target one (TL)

Rida Wahyuningrum English Department

Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya

Translation is the expression in another language (or target language) of what has been expressed in another, source

language, preserving semantic and stylistic equivalences.

Rida Wahyuningrum English Department

Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya

Translation involves the transposition of thoughts expressed in one language by one social group into the appropriate expression of another group, entails a process of cultural de-coding, re-coding and en-coding

Rida Wahyuningrum English Department

Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya

What is the Result of

Translation?

Similar semanticand pragmatic aspects

Rida Wahyuningrum English Department

Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya

Theories of

Translation

Why similar?

Rida Wahyuningrum English Department

Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya

Theories of translation fall into two categories in term of their purposes:

1. To express as exactly as possible the full force and meaning of every word and of phrase in the SL

2. To produce a result that does not read like a translation at all, but that moves in its new dress with the same ease as in its native rendering

Rida Wahyuningrum English Department

Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya

To consider which should come first and which second, it depends on whats in the translators mind; and when the two are in conflict and it is therefore necessary to choose between them, the question is which side is to be sacrificed.

Rida Wahyuningrum English Department

Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya

Rida Wahyuningrum English Department

Adi Buana PGRI University, Surabaya

In general, theories of translation can be simply described as follows :

What are Types of Translation?

1. Language Discourse2. Language Hierarchy3. Level of Content

(interlanguage transformation)

Rida Wahyuningrum English Department

Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya

Translation Based on Language Discourse

1. Literature2. Journalism3. Newspaper4. Science5. Documents

Rida Wahyuningrum English Department

Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya

Translating Literary Texts

Rida Wahyuningrum English Department

Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya

Translating Texts of Journalism and Newspaper

Rida Wahyuningrum English Department

Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya

Translating Texts of Science

Rida Wahyuningrum English Department

Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya

Translating Texts of Documents

Rida Wahyuningrum English Department

Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya

Translation Based on Language Hierarchy

1. Phonemic Level2. Morphemic Level3. Word Level4. Phrase Level5. Sentence Level6. Text Level

Rida Wahyuningrum English Department

Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya

PHONEMIC LEVEL

This kind of translation is used restrictedly on proper and geographical names.

For example: Diana [daiaen] in Bahasa Indonesia it is pronounced [diana].

Hi! My name is[daiaen]

Rida Wahyuningrum English Department

Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya

MORPHEMIC LEVEL

Translation of this level makes effort at finding some synonyms in TL for those of SL.

one-sided searah, sepihakauto swapre prabi dwi

Two-sided road

Rida Wahyuningrum English Department

Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya

WORD LEVEL

Kemarin dia datang kemari.

Yesterday he came here.

Rida Wahyuningrum English Department

Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya

PHRASE LEVEL

-A fly in the ointment rintangan kecil

-A drop in the bucket setetes air di lautan

-The salt of the earth putra terbaik

Rida Wahyuningrum English Department

Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya

SENTENCE LEVEL

Every dark cloud has a silver lining

senang susah permainan hidup

Birds of a feather flock together

seperti minyak di dalam air

Rida Wahyuningrum English Department

Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya

TEXT LEVEL

Translation of text level sees a text as a whole point of translation unit, mainly the group of independent sentences. A good example for this kind of translation is translating poems.

Bunga lembayung biru warnanyaKesemuanya untuklah sayaBukan untuk andaBila berkesempatanAnda menggantikanHati-hatilah dengan tinjukuAkan mendarat di wajahmu

Rida Wahyuningrum English Department

Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya

Translation Based on

Level of Content

This type refers to the manner of the content of an SL text presentation into that of TL for the sake of an adequate translation.

Rida Wahyuningrum English Department

Faculty of Language an ScienceWijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya

See you again in the

discussion

of

ADEQUATE

TRANSLATION

Rida Wahyuningrum

English DepartmentFaculty of Language an Science

Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya