lecture # 1 overview of interior...

Lecture # 1Overview of

Interior Plantscaping

They promote health and They promote health and extended keeping quality of extended keeping quality of

ornamental plants under interior ornamental plants under interior conditions.conditions.

What Do Interiorscapers Do?What Do Interiorscapers Do?

The Need For PlantsThe Need For Plants

!! Interior plantscaping started as partInterior plantscaping started as partof the backof the back--toto--earth, backearth, back--toto--nature,nature,backback--toto--senses movement of the 1970’s.senses movement of the 1970’s.

!! Interior plants are an integral part ofInterior plants are an integral part ofcontemporary design in our homes,contemporary design in our homes,

offices, and other buildings.offices, and other buildings.

The Green RevolutionThe Green Revolution

!! Plants fill a psychological need.Plants fill a psychological need.

!! Plants enhance our environment.Plants enhance our environment.

!! Plants are a satisfying hobby.Plants are a satisfying hobby.

The Purpose of the Indoor PlantThe Purpose of the Indoor PlantUse FunctionUse Function

Emotional and symbolic

Sensual

"" Maintain a person’s contact with Maintain a person’s contact with nature.nature.

"" Mentally and emotionally carry aMentally and emotionally carry aperson to an naturalistic person to an naturalistic environment.environment.

"" Mood delineators.Mood delineators."" Sounds, odors, feelings stimulated,Sounds, odors, feelings stimulated,

enhanced, gratified. enhanced, gratified.

Use FunctionUse Function

Architectural "" Provide privacy.Provide privacy."" Screening of unpleasant views.Screening of unpleasant views."" Provide new vistas.Provide new vistas."" Define space.Define space.

Use FunctionUse Function

EngineeringEngineering

AestheticAesthetic

"" Control traffic.Control traffic."" Glare reduction.Glare reduction."" Acoustical control.Acoustical control.

"" Background.Background."" Sculpture.Sculpture."" Line calligraphy.Line calligraphy."" Softening architecture.Softening architecture."" Frame views.Frame views.

Plants in a shopping mall create a restful area, divide space, and enhance the vista.

Properly placed plants eliminate the long, tunnel effect of the main corridor of the mall.

A planter in a A planter in a corner adds corner adds elegance and a elegance and a restful feeling to restful feeling to the office. Plant the office. Plant color and form color and form harmonize with harmonize with office décor. office décor.

Plantings appear differently Plantings appear differently depending on the viewpoint.depending on the viewpoint.

Simple designs and Simple designs and simple solutions to simple solutions to problems are usually problems are usually best. One plant in a best. One plant in a simple container simple container conveys many moods conveys many moods in this office in this office building.building.

A better and more A better and more pleasing interior pleasing interior environment environment because plants are because plants are tastefully and tastefully and simply used.simply used.

Architectural Uses of PlantsArchitectural Uses of Plants

Divide Divide spacespace

PrivacyPrivacy

Architectural Uses of PlantsArchitectural Uses of Plants

Screening Screening unwanted viewsunwanted views

Partial screeningPartial screening

Engineering Uses of PlantsEngineering Uses of Plants

Control Control glareglare

Engineering Uses of PlantsEngineering Uses of Plants

Control Control traffictraffic

Aesthetic Uses of PlantsAesthetic Uses of Plants

SculptureSculpture

LineLine--calligraphycalligraphy

Soften Soften architectural architectural

elementselements

Decorative Decorative wallwall

Aesthetic Uses of PlantsAesthetic Uses of Plants

Control Control view view --

gradual gradual revealing of revealing of

vistavista

Pattern, Pattern, silhouettesilhouette

BackgroundBackground

Types of designTypes of design

FormalFormal•• Straight linesStraight lines•• Square or rectangularSquare or rectangular

formsforms•• A formal plant shapeA formal plant shape•• Same elements onSame elements on

both sides of the axisboth sides of the axis•• Balance due to sameBalance due to same

elements on each sideelements on each sideof axisof axis

•• Philosophy: peoplePhilosophy: peopledominate nature.dominate nature.

Types of designTypes of designInformal or Informal or naturalisticnaturalistic•• Curved linesCurved lines•• Soft, round formsSoft, round forms•• Natural plant shapeNatural plant shape•• Different elements onDifferent elements on

each side of the axiseach side of the axis•• Balance due to sum ofBalance due to sum of

attraction on each sideattraction on each sideof axisof axis

•• Philosophy: people arePhilosophy: people arepart of nature.part of nature.

Organizing Space With PlantsOrganizing Space With Plants

1. Potted plants 1. Potted plants in close array in close array against a wall against a wall create a living create a living picture.picture.

2. Massed foliage gives an 2. Massed foliage gives an empty fireplace an elegant empty fireplace an elegant look.look.

3. Small plants on shelves 3. Small plants on shelves under fluorescent lights.under fluorescent lights.

4. Planter boxes 4. Planter boxes on casters on casters arranged to arranged to divide a long divide a long room or create room or create an entrance.an entrance.

5. In a room short of wall 5. In a room short of wall space, a central island space, a central island garden provides a garden provides a background for furnishings.background for furnishings.

6. A long, narrow room 6. A long, narrow room will look shorter with a will look shorter with a low floor planter across low floor planter across one end.one end.

7. A large 7. A large single plant in a single plant in a corner becomes corner becomes a focal point.a focal point.

8. A hanging plant above a 8. A hanging plant above a standing plant extends the line standing plant extends the line of greenery.of greenery.

9. A three9. A three--tiered tiered structure supports a structure supports a multilevel garden of large multilevel garden of large and small plants.and small plants.

10. A glass10. A glass--topped topped table makes a table makes a living piece of living piece of furniture.furniture.

11. A bottle garden can be 11. A bottle garden can be displayed as a sculpture.displayed as a sculpture.

12. Uplighting from floor 12. Uplighting from floor floodlights emphasizes floodlights emphasizes foliage patterns and foliage patterns and creates dramatic shadows.creates dramatic shadows.

Examples of Organizing Space With PlantsExamples of Organizing Space With Plants

Multiple effects with the same

planter -different plants

Emotionally Emotionally involved w/ plants, involved w/ plants, believes plants believes plants have personalities.have personalities.

Loves to take care of Loves to take care of plantsplants-- has many plants has many plants -- sizes and states of sizes and states of health. Would rather health. Would rather propagate plants and propagate plants and nurture back to health nurture back to health than buy large than buy large specimens. Purchases specimens. Purchases many plants, often on many plants, often on impulse with little impulse with little regard to price. regard to price.

Behavioral CharacteristicsBehavioral CharacteristicsPlant InvolvementPlant Involvement

Emotionally Emotionally involved w/ plants, involved w/ plants, uses and keeps uses and keeps them for their them for their decorative effect. decorative effect. Plants used to Plants used to project image of project image of being in vogue. being in vogue.

Invests in many Invests in many plants,buys large plants,buys large specimens specimens -- very very conscious of quality. conscious of quality. Swayed by the unique Swayed by the unique --seldom buys on impulse; seldom buys on impulse; very much price very much price conscious. conscious.


Not emotionally Not emotionally involved w/ involved w/ plants, but plants, but considers plants considers plants as living as living individuals with individuals with personalities.personalities.

Has a few plants, Has a few plants, usually gifts. Wants to usually gifts. Wants to keep plants healthy. keep plants healthy. Seldom buys plants, Seldom buys plants, but when purchases but when purchases small sizes. small sizes.


Not emotionally Not emotionally involved w/ involved w/ plants, has them plants, has them only as only as decoration. decoration.

Purchases a few Purchases a few large plants, often large plants, often at a low price, but at a low price, but plants must have plants must have high quality. high quality. Considers care for Considers care for plants definitely a plants definitely a chore.chore.


!! The boom in foliage plants began in the early The boom in foliage plants began in the early 1970s.1970s.!! Between 1971 and 1994 a nearly 1300% increase Between 1971 and 1994 a nearly 1300% increase in the wholesale value of foliage plants has in the wholesale value of foliage plants has occurred.occurred.!! Since 1992 the wholesale value of foliage plants Since 1992 the wholesale value of foliage plants has steadied at 15has steadied at 15--16% of the total value of all 16% of the total value of all floricultural crops. floricultural crops. !! Florida is #1 Florida is #1 -- foliage plant production.foliage plant production.

The Value of Foliage PlantsThe Value of Foliage Plants

!! Growers, shippers, wholesalers, retailers, Growers, shippers, wholesalers, retailers, consumers make choices and decisions every day that consumers make choices and decisions every day that affect keeping quality of foliage plants.affect keeping quality of foliage plants.

!! Each category must use/follow the best techniques Each category must use/follow the best techniques to produce and maintain high quality plants.to produce and maintain high quality plants.

!! The success of an indoor planting depends on good The success of an indoor planting depends on good selection, production techniques sensitive to interior selection, production techniques sensitive to interior needs and delivery of undamaged material.needs and delivery of undamaged material.

Choices. Decisions. Quality. Choices. Decisions. Quality. Communication.Communication.

The Four Phases of a Foliage PlantThe Four Phases of a Foliage Plant

!! Production PhaseProduction Phase.. Growers, includes tissue Growers, includes tissue culture laboratories, plant propagators and plant culture laboratories, plant propagators and plant finishers.finishers.

!! Postproduction PhasePostproduction Phase. Shippers and wholesalers.. Shippers and wholesalers.

!! Retail Handling PhaseRetail Handling Phase. Interior plantscapers, . Interior plantscapers, florists, garden centers and mass market florists, garden centers and mass market distributors.distributors.

!! Consumer Care PhaseConsumer Care Phase. Consumer or a plant . Consumer or a plant maintenance company.maintenance company.

Production PhaseProduction Phase

!! Goal: Propagation and growth of the plant to aGoal: Propagation and growth of the plant to afinished, salable condition.finished, salable condition.

!! Factors:Factors:⌦⌦ LightLight⌦⌦ TemperatureTemperature⌦⌦ NutritionNutrition⌦⌦ WaterWater⌦⌦ MediaMedia⌦⌦ Disease or pest problemsDisease or pest problems⌦⌦ Cultural disordersCultural disorders

!! Goal: Deliver plants with minimum qualityGoal: Deliver plants with minimum qualitydeterioration.deterioration.

!! Factors:Factors:⌦⌦ Storage lightStorage light⌦⌦ Storage temperatureStorage temperature⌦⌦ Exposure to gasesExposure to gases⌦⌦ Care and groomingCare and grooming

Postproduction PhasePostproduction Phase

Retail Handling PhaseRetail Handling Phase

!! Goal: Preservation of quality until sale toGoal: Preservation of quality until sale toconsumer or installation into a permanentconsumer or installation into a permanentlocation.location.

!! Factors:Factors:⌦⌦ LightLight⌦⌦ TemperatureTemperature⌦⌦ WaterWater⌦⌦ DisordersDisorders

Consumer Care PhaseConsumer Care Phase

!! Goal: Successful matching of plant requirementsGoal: Successful matching of plant requirementswith the environmental conditions of a space.with the environmental conditions of a space.

!! Factors:Factors:⌦⌦ TemperatureTemperature⌦⌦ LocationsLocations⌦⌦ WaterWater⌦⌦ GroomingGrooming⌦⌦ DisordersDisorders⌦⌦ CultivarsCultivars

To create a To create a harmonious and harmonious and aesthetically pleasing aesthetically pleasing interiorscape which interiorscape which will perform will perform satisfactorily with satisfactorily with respect to plant respect to plant longevity, plant quality, longevity, plant quality, and plant care.and plant care.

The GoalThe Goal

The Outdoor Look The Outdoor Look -- IndoorsIndoors

An “Upscale” EateryAn “Upscale” Eatery

The FutureThe Future

!! Quality is essential:Quality is essential:plants that tolerate less water, plants that tolerate less water, low light, and lower temperatures of buildinglow light, and lower temperatures of buildinginteriors, and resist pests.interiors, and resist pests.

!! The industry is dominated by several largeThe industry is dominated by several largeenterprises:enterprises:

Rentokil, Inc.Rentokil, Inc.Tropical Plant ServicesTropical Plant ServicesPlantscaping by OrkinPlantscaping by OrkinTruGreen TruGreen -- ChemlawnChemlawnService Service -- MasterMasterFoliage Design SystemsFoliage Design Systems

!! Small firms continue to have an importantSmall firms continue to have an importantplace in the interior landscape industry.place in the interior landscape industry.

!! Government regulations will become moreGovernment regulations will become morerestrictive.restrictive.

!! The foliage plant industry promotes theThe foliage plant industry promotes theproduct on an industryproduct on an industry--wide basis and educateswide basis and educatesthe public on the importance of plants to dailythe public on the importance of plants to dailylife.life.

The FutureThe Future

Same Principles Apply to Use Same Principles Apply to Use of Large or Small of Large or Small Plants/PlantingsPlants/Plantings

PlacementPlacementArchitectural Architectural ElementsElementsVista Vista EnhancementEnhancement

Focal pointFocal point

Texture and Texture and FramingFraming

Shape and Shape and SizeSize

Shape, Size, Shape, Size, Texture and ColorTexture and Color

Multiple Multiple ColorColor

Form and ColorForm and Color

Silhouettes and Silhouettes and PatternsPatterns

Multiple ViewsMultiple Views

Linear ElementsLinear Elements

The Indoor Plant BoomThe Indoor Plant Boom

“ “ Having lived through eons with nature, Having lived through eons with nature, organisms including man are geneticallyorganisms including man are geneticallyprogrammed to biological rhythms pacedprogrammed to biological rhythms paced

by sun, moon, and seasons.by sun, moon, and seasons.

E. Stainbrook,University of Southern CaliforniaE. Stainbrook,University of Southern CaliforniaSchool of MedicineSchool of Medicine


“Hence, we are often out of phase with“Hence, we are often out of phase withmodern situations modern situations -- with artificial lighting,with artificial lighting,central heating and air conditioning, with workcentral heating and air conditioning, with work

organizations and other social institutionsorganizations and other social institutionsstructuring wakeful activity around the clock,structuring wakeful activity around the clock,with distressingly high and insistent daily inputwith distressingly high and insistent daily inputof complex information demanding sleepof complex information demanding sleep--disturbing attempts at mastery, with rapid disturbing attempts at mastery, with rapid travel through time zones.travel through time zones.



““Fatigue and inefficiency Fatigue and inefficiency -- and perhaps moreand perhaps moresubtle impairments of adaptation and subtle impairments of adaptation and biological responsiveness biological responsiveness -- may be the pricemay be the pricewe pay for the disharmony between the body’swe pay for the disharmony between the body’sinnate rhythms and the artificial surroundingsinnate rhythms and the artificial surroundingsand demands that press upon us.”and demands that press upon us.”


lecture # 1 overview of interior...

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