lecture 1 - learning about organizational behavior
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Learning about Organizational Behavior
Organizational Behavior
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What is Organizational Behavior?A field of study that investigates the impactthat individuals, groups, and structure have on
behavior within organizations, for the purpose of
applying such knowledge toward improving anorganizations effectiveness.
Provides a set of tools that allow people tounderstand, analyze, describe, predict, andcontrol behaviors.
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Framework for Studying Organizational Behavior The three levels of study in Organizational Behavior are:
1 - Individual Level2 - Groups & In
terpersonal Relations Levelrganizational Systems & Global Environment Level
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Framework for Studying Organizational Behavior
Individual differences
Learning, perception and attribution
Attitudes, values and ethics
Creativity
Motivation
1 - Individual Level
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Framework for Studying Organizational Behavior
Communication
Group dynamics
Teams
Leadership
Conflict, stress and well-being
Power, politics and influence
2 - Groups & InterpersonalRelations Level
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Framework for Studying Organizational Behavior
Structure and design
Culture
Change and knowledge management
Cultural diversity
3 - Organizational Systems &Global Environment Level
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Objectives for Learning about OrganizationalBehavior OB Competencies Effective leaders need to develop and support employees
organizational competencies throughout theorganization, individual, and groups.
A competency is an interrelated set of
abilities, behaviors, attitudes, and knowledge
needed by an individual to be effective in
professional and managerial positions.
A number of competencies of Ob is identified as follows:
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Objectives for Learning about OrganizationalBehavior OB Competencies
1Managing Self2Managing Communication3Managing Diversity 4Managing Ethics5Managing Acros6Managing Teams
7Managing Change
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Objectives for Learning about OrganizationalBehavior OB Competencies
The overall ability to:
Assess your own strengths and weaknesses.
Set and pursue professional and personal goals.
Balance work and personal life.
Engage in new learningincluding new or modified
skills, behaviors, and attitudes.
1Managing Self
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Objectives for Learning about OrganizationalBehavior OB CompetenciesCore Abilities in Managing Self Competency
1. Understanding personality and attitudes.
2. Perceiving, appraising, and interpreting accurately.
3. Understanding work-related motivations and emotions.
4. Assessing and establishing developmental, life-related, and
work-related goals.
5. Taking responsibility for managing your career.
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Objectives for Learning about OrganizationalBehavior OB Competencies
The overall ability to use all the modes of transmitting,
understanding, and receiving ideas, thoughts, and
feelingsverbal, listening, nonverbal, written, electronic,
and the likefor accurately transferring and exchanging
information and emotions.
2Managing Communication
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Objectives for Learning about OrganizationalBehavior OB CompetenciesCore Abilities in Managing Communication
1. Conveying information, ideas, and emotions to others.
2. Providing constructive feedback to others.
3. Engaging in active listening.
4. Using and interpreting nonverbal communication.
5. Engaging in verbal communication.
6. Engaging in written communication.
7. Using a variety of computer-based information
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Objectives for Learning about OrganizationalBehavior OB Competencies
The overall ability to value unique individual and group
characteristics, embrace such characteristics as potential
sources of organizational strength, and appreciate the
uniqueness of each individual.
Ability to help people work effectively together eventhough their interests and backgrounds may be quite
diverse.
3Managing Diversity Competency
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Objectives for Learning about OrganizationalBehavior OB Competencies
1. Fostering an environment of inclusion.
2. Learning from others differences.
3. Supporting diversity.
4. Working with others because of their talents and
contributions.
5. Providing leadership in addressing diversity.
6. Applying diversity laws, regulations, and policies.
Core Abilities in Managing Diversity
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Objectives for Learning about OrganizationalBehavior OB CompetenciesSelected Categories of Diversity
Primary Categories
AgeRace
Ethnicity
Gender
Physical Abilities
Sexual Orientation
SecondaryCategories
Education
Work Experience
Income
Marital Status
Religious Beliefs
Geographic Location
Parental Status
Behavioral StyleOther
Effectson
Organizational
Behavior
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Objectives for Learning about OrganizationalBehavior OB Competencies4Managing Ethics
The overall ability to incorporate values and principles
that distinguish right from wrong in making decisions
and choosing behaviors.
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Objectives for Learning about OrganizationalBehavior OB Competencies
1. Identify and describe the principles of ethical decision
making and behavior.
2. Assess the importance of ethical issues in actions.
3. Apply laws, regulations, and organizational rules inmaking decisions and taking action.
4. Demonstrate dignity and respect for others.
5. Demonstrate honest and open communication limited
only by legal, privacy, and competitive considerations.
Core Abilities in Managing Ethics
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Objectives for Learning about OrganizationalBehavior OB Competencies
1. A customer asked for a product from us today. After telling him ourprice, he said he couldnt afford it. I know he could get it cheaper
from a competitor. Should I tell him about the competitoror lethim go without getting what he needs? What should I do?
2. My boss told me that one of my employee is among several to belaid off soon and that Im not to tell my employee yet or he might
tell the whole organization, which would soon be in an uproar.Meanwhile, I heard from my employee that he plans to buy bracesfor his daughter and new carpet for his house. What should I do?
Ethical Dilemmas
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Objectives for Learning about OrganizationalBehavior OB Competencies5Managing Across Cultures
Involves the ability to recognize and embrace similarities
and differences among nations and cultures and then
approach key organizational and strategic issues with an
open and curious mind.
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Objectives for Learning about OrganizationalBehavior OB Competencies5Managing Across Cultures
Understand, appreciate, and use cultural factors that can affectbehavior.
Appreciate the influence of work-related values on decisions,preferences, and practices.
Understand and motivate employees with different values andattitudes.
Communicate in the local language.
Deal effectively with extreme conditions in foreign countries.
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Objectives for Learning about OrganizationalBehavior OB CompetenciesWork related Values Pertaining to Managing
Across Cultures
Long-Term or Short-Term Orientation
Gender Role Orientation
Uncertainty Avoidance
Individualism or Collectivism
Power Distance
There are a number ofclassifications of cultural
values which are given.
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Objectives for Learning about OrganizationalBehavior OB CompetenciesWork related Values Pertaining to Managing
Across Cultures
1 - Power Distance
It is the extent to which people in a society
accept status and power inequalities as anormal and functional aspect of life.
low distance: employees are expected to bypass
a manager if necessary in order to get their
work done. Relatively equal distribution.
high distance:employee behave submissively to
managers and avoid disagreements with them.
Extremely unequal distribution.
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Objectives for Learning about OrganizationalBehavior OB CompetenciesWork related Values Pertaining to Managing
Across Cultures
2 Individualism or
Collectivism
Individualism is the degree to which peopleprefer to act as individuals rather than a
member of groups.People learn to say I.
A tight social framework in which peopleexpect others in groups of which they are apart to look after them and protect them.
People learn to say WE
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Objectives for Learning about OrganizationalBehavior OB CompetenciesWork related Values Pertaining to Managing
Across Cultures
3 Uncertainty
Avoidance
It is the extent to which people rely on social
norms, procedures, and organizations(including government) to avoid ambiguity.
High uncertainty avoidance:individuals seekorderliness, consistency, structure, formalized
procedures, and laws to cover situations.Low high distance:employee have low tendencytowards orderliness and consistency, structureslifestyles, and clear specification of socialexpectations.
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Objectives for Learning about OrganizationalBehavior OB CompetenciesWork related Values Pertaining to Managing
Across Cultures
4 Gender Role
Orientation
It refers to the extent to which a societyreinforces, or does not reinforce, traditional
notions of masculinity versus femininity.
Men:they are supposed to be assertive, tough, and
focused on material success.
Women:they are supposed to be modest, tender,and concerned with quality of life.
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Objectives for Learning about OrganizationalBehavior OB CompetenciesWork related Values Pertaining to Managing
Across Cultures
5 Long-Term
Orientation
It refers to the degree to which the society
embraces, or does not embrace, the fosteringof virtues oriented to ward future rewards.
Long-Term Orientation:A national cultureattribute that emphasizes the future, thrift, and
persistence.Short-Term Orientation:A national cultureattribute that emphasizes the past and present,respect for tradition, and fulfilling socialobligations
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Objectives for Learning about OrganizationalBehavior OB Competencies6Managing Team Competency
Involves the ability to develop, support, facilitate, and
lead groups to achieve organizational goals.
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Objectives for Learning about OrganizationalBehavior OB Competencies6Managing Team Competency
Determining use and fit of teams.
Setting clear performance goals.
Defining responsibilities and tasks.
Demonstrating accountability for goal achievement.
Applying appropriate decision-making methods.
Resolving conflicts.
Assessing performance and taking corrective action
as needed.
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Objectives for Learning about OrganizationalBehavior OB Competencies
The overall ability to recognize and implement needed
adaptations or entirely new transformations in thepeople, tasks, strategies, structures, or technologies inthe persons area of responsibility.
7Managing Change
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Objectives for Learning about OrganizationalBehavior OB Competencies
Applying the other six competencies in pursuit of needed
changes. Providing leadership of planned change.
Diagnosing pressures for and resistance to change.
Applying the systems model and other processes tofacilitate change.
Dealing with new knowledge to facilitate change.
Core Abilities in Managing Change
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Objectives for Learning about OrganizationalBehavior OB Competencies1. Responding to Globalization.
2. Managing Workforce Diversity.
3. Improving Quality and Productivity.
4. Responding to the Labor Shortage.
5. Improving Customer Service.
6. Improving People Skills.
7. Empowering People.
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Objectives for Learning about OrganizationalBehavior OB Competencies8. Responding to Globalization.
9. Coping with Temporariness.
10. Stimulation Innovation and Change.
11. Helping Employees Balance Work/Life Conflicts.
12. Improving Ethical Behavior.