lecture 1 - introduction to sc comm

8/3/2019 Lecture 1 - Introduction to Sc Comm

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SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION

HCD 22202

By:

Khairul Nizam Mohd Isa

MCHSc (Environmental Health)

UniKL MESTECH

L1: Introduction to

Scientific Communication



Objectives

Objectives

At the end of this session, you should be able to:

Understand the definition of research

Understand the concepts needed in order to do research



What is Research?

What is Research?

The word research is composed of two syllables, re and search.

re is a pref ix meani ng agai n, anew or over agai n

search is a verb meani ng to e x ami ne closel y and

carefull y , to test and tr y , or to probe.

Together they form a noun descr i bi ng a careful,sy stemat i c, pat i ent stud y and i nvest i gat i on i n some f i eld of

knowledge, undertaken to establ ish fact s or pr i nc i ples.



What is Research?

What is Research?

Research is a systematic approach to the discovery andvalidation of knowledge.

Research includes the complete spectrum of scholarly and

creative activities.



What is Research?

What is Research?

A careful systematic study and investigation in some fieldof knowledge, undertaken to establish facts or principles

A structure inquired that utilizes acceptable scientificmethodology to solve problems and creates newknowledge that is generally applicable

A systematic investigation to find answers to a problem

A systematic process of inquiry in order to discover,interpret or revise facts, events, behaviours or theories or to make practical applications with the help of such facts,laws or theories

The term ³research´ is also used to describe the collectionof information about a particular subject and is usuallyassociated with the output of science and the scientificmethod



As a professional you might be interested in findinganswers to theoretical questions

What is the most effective intervention for a particular

problems?

What cause X or what are the effects of Y? What is the relationship between two phenomena?

How do I measure the self-esteem of my clients?

What is the pattern of programme adoption in the

community? What is the best way to find out the effectiveness of a

particular treatment?

How can I select an unbiased sample?



Why do research?Why do research?

Enhances and enriches the quality of the educational(teaching-learning) experience

An enhanced understanding of how knowledge develops

within a field

Expression of intellectual creativity

Administrative advantages



Benefits of ResearchBenefits of Research

Enhances and enriches the quality of the educational(teaching-learning) experience.

Complement the more traditional lecture format

Provides a stimulating intellectual atmosphere and

excellent opportunities for good public relation

Expression of intellectual creativity

Administrative advantages



Benefits of ResearchBenefits of Research

Enhances understanding of how knowledge developswithin a field

Experience the dynamic nature of the process of

knowledge development

Active contribution to the knowledge base, rather thanpassive consumers

Data become real-not something sterile to be memorized

from a textbook

Experience first-hand how knowledge evolves

Understand that what is true for today may no longer be

true for tomorrow

Knowledge is continuously scrutinized and modified by

new development



Application of Research Application of Research

Pure Research

Concerned with the

development, examination,

verification and refinement of research methods, procedures,

techniques and tools that form

the body of research

methodology.

Example:

developing a samplingtechnique that can be applied

to a particular situation.

Developing a methodology to

assess the validity of a

procedures

Applied Research

Most of the research in social

sciences is applied.

The research techniques,procedures and methods that

form the body of research

methodology are applied to the

collection of information about

various aspects of a situation,

issue, problem and phenomenonso that information gathered can

be used in other ways- policy

formulation, administration and

enhancement of understanding

of a phenomenon.



Characteristics of ResearchCharacteristics of Research

Controlled Assist in establishing causality

Rigorous

Need to follow procedures

Methods and procedures used are relevant, appropriate and

justified

Systematic

Valid and verifiable

Result are correct and repeatable

Empirical Conclusion drawn are evidence based

Critical scrutiny

Methods, procedures, results need to withstand scrutiny byothers



What is Good ResearchWhat is Good Research

Based on the work of others Can be replicated (duplicated)

Generalizable to other settings

Based on some logical rationale and tied to theory

Possible to carried out

Generate new questions or is cyclical in nature

It is incremental

Apolitical activity that could be undertaken

For the betterment of society



Type of Research ActivitiesType of Research Activities

Pure Basic Research

Strategic Basic Research

Applied Research

Experimental Development




Pure Basic

Research

Experimental or theoretical

To acquire newknowledge

W

ithout looking for longterm benefits

Just for advancement of knowledge

Strategic Basic

Research

Experimental or theoretical

To acquire newknowledge in specifiedareas

Useful discoveries

For the solution of recognized problems




Applied Research

To acquire new

knowledge with specific

application

To determine the possible

uses for findings of thebasic research to achieve

some specific and

predetermined objectives

Experimental

Development

Systematic work using

existing knowledge gained

directed to produce new

products



Basic Areas Of Health ResearchBasic Areas Of Health Research

1. Biomedical sciences Include studies on how human body works at molecular, cellular

and general systemic architecture

2. Public health

Prevention of diseases

Promoting of health and well being for the community

Health service

Policy development

3. Behavioral sciences How people behave

How it affects the quality of life

This are is becoming more popular



Thank You

³Research is to see what everybody else has seen, and to

think what nobody else has thought´

Albert Szent-Gy org y i



ReferencesReferences

Ebal, H.F., Bliefert, C. & Russey, W.E. 2004. T he art of sc i ent i f i c wr i t i ng . Wiley VCH

Ran jit Kumar. 2005. Research methodology: A step-by-

step guide for beginners. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.

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