lecture 1 - introduction to mech 405

8/13/2019 Lecture 1 - Introduction to MECH 405

1/28

Review of Syllabus

Introduction to Microcontrollers


2/28

See Handout


3/28


4/28

1952

ten feet long

two feet wide

eight and one-half feet high 2800 Vacuum Tubes

One tube could hold one bit of memory

Weight: 5 Tons

Less Computing Power than your cell phone


5/28


6/28

In 1971 Intel introduced the 4004, the world's firstsingle-chip microprocessor. It contained 2300*transistors creating all the basic computingelements of a computer on a piece of silicon 3 x 4millimeters.

This was the beginning of the current age of

computers!

* Todays microprocessors contain millions.


7/28

Early personal computers were mostly of interestonly to hobbyists and, interestingly, Radio Shackwas the early leader in personal computers with itsTRS-80 series


8/28

In 1981, IBM introduced their first PC:

4.77 MHz Intel 8088 microprocessor

16 kilobytes of memory, expandable to 256k. One or two160k floppy disk drives

An optional color monitor.

It sold for $1500, about $4000 in today's dollars.


9/28

What are RAM, ROM, FLASH?


10/28

Random Access Memory Properties

Compact

Contents can be easily changed

Looses data when power turned off Types

Dynamic

Least expanse, most memory, requires refresy

Static Faster, less compact, does not require refresh

Used for cache memory


11/28

Read-Only Memory Fabricated with contents

Maintains value when power off

Low manufacturing cost in large quantities

Expensive to change contents


12/28

Programmable ROM

Programmed with special hardware


13/28

Contents created with a special program Keeps contents when power off

Appropriate for low-volume applications or

applications where value may be changed My blu-ray player uses flash allowing updates


14/28

A microcontroller is a single integrated circuit thatcontains a basic microprocessor plus specializedhardware to control an electromechanical system.

Microcontrollers could be used in a vast array ofspecialized applications.

What can you think of that uses a microcontroller?


15/28

A basic microprocessor Several general-purpose input/output ports

Several timers

Two multi-input A/D converters Several PWM Generators for motor control

Built-in RAM and FLASH memory


16/28


17/28

Computers use the binary number system. Abinary number consists of a sequence of 0s and

1s.

In the decimal number system: 2134 = 2 * 103 + 1 * 102+ 3 * 101+ 4 * 100

In the binary number system: 1101 = 1 * 23 + 1 * 22+ 0 * 21+ 1 * 20

= 8 + 4 + 0 +1 = 13 decimal 10112 = ?10

01112= ?10


18/28

Numbers Instructions

ASCII Characters


19/28

In a computer, a single one or zero is called a bit. A group of 4 bits is called a nibble

A group of 8 bits is called a byte.

A group of bits of the maximum size a particularprocessor can handle in a single operation iscalled a word.

Bits are generally numbered from right to left with

the right-most bit being bit 0.


20/28


21/28


22/28

The physical microcontroller and memoryelements are considered hardware

Code that is loaded into RAM is consideredsoftware

Code stored in ROM or FLASH is consideredfirmware


23/28

The ASCII character set


24/28


25/28


26/28

What is MECH 405 in ASCII?

What is 97 decimal as an ASCII Sequence?


27/28


28/28

History of microcomputers & microcontrollers

Microprocessors RAM, ROM, PROM, FLASH

Binary Numbers

Bits, Nibbles, Bytes & Words

Using binary numbers in computers Binary numbers in hardware

Hexadecimal Numbers

The elements of a microcomputer

The elements of a microcontroller

The ASCII code

Put it all together

lecture 1 - introduction to mech 405

Documents