lecture 1 (intro ict and programming)

8/9/2019 Lecture 1 (Intro ICT and Programming)

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Introduction to ICT and

Programming

Lecture # 1 : Introduction

s Name: Engr.Richard A. Sobrepea, MIM

s E-mail: [email protected]


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Course Objectives

s

Discuss Fundamental Concepts of InformationTechnology (IT)

s Show how Computers are Used as Practical Tools for

Solving Personal, Business, and Academic Problems

s Learn Basic Computer Skills that Enables the Students

Explore IT World

s Enabling students to work with various office software's

s Learn Basics of how to do programming


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What are ICT?

s

Informations Communications Technologies

ICTare the hardware and software that enablesociety to create, collect, consolidate andcommunicate information in multimedia formats

and for various purposes.

The technology used to handle information and aid

communication


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Impact of ICT on society

s Developments in ICT have brought about themerger of

the computing,

information,

communications,

entertainment,

mass media industries

thereby providing a means of exchanginginformation in the digital format used by

computers.


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ICT

ICT - i.e. computer linked to

all facets of society


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What is the impact of ICT on information centers?

s ICT made information creation in digital formatpossible.

s ICT made online access and file transfer

possible

s ICT made networking and sharing of information

resources possible


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Transition

s ICT has made the transfer of digital information

from remote sites possible

Shift from Print to Digital Internet


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What are the effects of these developments on the user

community?

s Increases level of technology literacy

s Increases demand for better and faster access

to information

s Aggravates discrepancies between the

information rich and information poor.


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Few Basics

s Computers

A computer is an electronic machine that has the

capability to perform certain types of

processing/computation on the supplied data. It can

also store the data as well as generated results.

Storage

Processing/

Computation

Data & Instructions Information/Results


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Few Basics

s

Computers Device that accepts input, process and stores data,

and gives output

Device that can execute specific set of instructions

in a well-defined manner


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Few Basics.

Computer

Hardware Software

Application

Software

System

SoftwareCPU Memory I/O Etc.


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s Computer Hardware Electric, electronic, and mechanical devices

s

Computer Software Programs and data in electronic form on a storagemedium

Program- Sequence of Instructions

Few Basics


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Few Basics: Hardware


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Few Basics

s

Input devicess Processor & Memory

s Storage devices

s Output devices


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Few Basics: Input Devices

s

Mouses Keyboard

s Joystick

s Light pen

s Tablets Camera

s Microphone


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Few Basics : Output Devices

s

Peripheral Devices: Printer - laser, inkjet, dotmatrix

Plotter - flatbed, drum

Speakers

Monitor - CRT, LCD, projector


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Few Basics : Processor/CPU

s Pentium

s 8086

s Celeron

s SPARC

s

Alphaetc What are Control Unit and ALU?

The arithmetic/logic unit (ALU) contains the electronic circuitry that

executes all arithmetic and logical operations.

The control unit (CU) of the CPU contains circuitry that uses

electrical signals to direct the entire computer system to carry out,

or execute, stored program instructions.


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Few Basics : Secondary Storage

s Hard disk

s Floppy

s CD

s DVD


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Few Basics: Primary Storage

s RAM

s ROM

s etc.

Virtual Memory?


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Few Basics: Bits & Bytes

s Bit - a binary digit e.g. 1 or 0

s Byte - a binary word consisting of 8 bits

s Kilo Byte - 1024 bytes

s Mega Byte - 1024 KB

s

Giga Byte - 1024 MBs Tera Byte - 1024 GB


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Few Basics: Ports

s Parallel

s Serial

etc.


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Few Basics: Figure


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Keyboard Mouse

PrinterRAM/ROM

HD

MemBus

System Bus

Monitor

CD

Processor

Floating PointUnit

IntegerUnit

Cache

ControlUnit

Few Basics: BUS Figure


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Licensed and Free Software

s Single user license

s Multiple user license

s

Concurrent use licenses Site license

s Public domain software

s Shareware

Few Basics: Computer Software

F B i C S f


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s System Software:

Controls the computer

Performs the basic operating tasks

s Application Software:

Help user to accomplish a specific task

Few Basics: Computer Software


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ApplicationSoftware

System Software

Hardware

Few Basics: Figure


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Operating systemss Works as coordinator between hardware and user

software Example: Opening a word document, screen

display, print, and save.

s Allocates system resources (CPU, peripherals)

Examples: use of key board, mouse, playing music,

displaying on monitor

Few Basics: System Software

i S S f


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Utility Software

s Software that augment the system software

s Example: preparing disks to store data


F B i S S f


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Device Drivers

s The system software that helps computer control a

peripheral device. Usually supplied by the vendor of the

computer device

s Example: DD for mouse, DD for Laser printer


F B i S S f


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Programming Languages

s Tools to create the Application Software


F B i A li i S f


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Business software

s Help organization to efficiently do routine tasks Horizontal Market business software

Vertical Market business software

Productivity softwares Software which enhance the productivity

Entertainment software

Educational software

Few Basics: Application Software

F B i C N k


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Few Basics:Computer Networks

Network:

A collection of computers and other devices that

communicate with each other to share data, hardware and

software

F b i C N k


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Few basics: Computer Networks

s

Local Area Networks (LAN): Network that islocated within a relatively limited area (a building or

campus)

s

Wide Area Networks (WAN): Network that covers alarge geographical area


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A Computer Network

Local workstation

Workstation

Workstation

NetworkServer

NetworkPrinter

F B i


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Few Basics.

s

Workgroup computing Gather remote resources in such a way that they would

better utilize each others power.

s Computer Network

Linking computers together in such a way that they canshare the resources with each other.

s Internet

Network of networks; largest network available in theform of global village

F B i I t t


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Few Basics: Internet

s Is a collection of local, regional, and national computer

networks that are linked together to exchange data anddistribute computing tasks

s World Wide Web (WWW) and Electronic Mails (E-mail)

are among the Internet Services

F B i


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Few Basics

s Information

Data that have been collected and processed into ameaningful form

s Information System

A computer-based system that provides both dataprocessing capability and information for managerialdecision making

s Information Society

A society in which the generation and dissemination of

information becomes the central focus of commerce.s Information Technology

A collective reference to the integration of computingtechnology and information processing

F B i


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Few Basics

s Telecommuting

Computing via a communications link between home andoffice

s Communication Channel The facility by which data are transmitted between

locations in a computer networks Communication Protocols

Rules established to govern the way data in a computernetwork are transmitted


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s

THANKYOU

lecture 1 (intro ict and programming)

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