lecture 1 - highway engineering by dr. abdul sami
TRANSCRIPT
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Highway and Traffic Engineering
Prof.-DR ABDULSAMI QURESHI
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S. # TOPICSLecture
Required
01 Transportation system: Introduction 1
02 Evolution of Transportation 1
03 Highway planning 1
04 Geometric design: Introduction/ Design controls 1
05 Design vehicle 1
06 Functional classification of roads and Design speed 1
07 Design Driver 1
08 Design Volume 1
09 Sight Distances 3
10Cross section elements (with of travel lane, shoulders, medians ……)
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MEHRAN UNIUVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY RM-001/00QSP-004 Dec.01.2001
TENTATIVE TEACHING PLAN DEPARTMENT/INSTITUTE/DIRECTORATE: CIVIL ENGINEERINGName of Teacher: Prof. Dr. Abdul Sami QureshiSubject: Highway & Traffic Engineering Batch: 09CE- Year: Final Term: 1st Term Starting Date: 02-01-2012 Term Suspension Date: 22-04-2012
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09 Cross slopes 110 Horizontal Alignments: Introduction 111 Horizontal curves 212 Transition, curves 213 Super-elevation 214 Curve widening 115 Vertical Alignments: Introduction 116 Grades 117 Vertical curves 218 Pavement Design: Introduction 119 Early road construction methods 120 Design of flexible design 421. Design of rigid pavement 422. Maintenance of pavement 223. Traffic Engineering: Introduction 224. Intersection Design 125. Traffic control devices 226. Traffic signals 327. Highway capacity 328. Highway safety 1
TOTAL 52
REFERENCES1. HIGHWAY ENGINEERINGPAUL
H. WRIGHT/ KAREN K. DIXON2. TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
C. JOTIN KHISTY-B. KENT LALL3. HIGHWAY ENGINEERING
J. KHANNA4. THE HAND BOOK OF HIGHWAY ENGINEERING
T. F. FWA5. http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/6. http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/web/home/home/index.htm7. HIGHWAY CAPACITY MANUAL
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Overview of Transportation Engineering
What is TRANSPORTATIO
N?
Transportation System
Definition of Transportation Modes• A transportation system is an infrastructure that
serves to move people and goods efficiently. • Efficient = safe, rapid, comfortable, convenient,
economical, environmentally compatible.
Transportation System
Major transportation subsystems• Land transportation: highway, rail• Air transportation: domestic, international• Water transportation: inland, coastal, ocean• Pipelines: oil, gas, other
Transportation
Movement of persons and goods over space
A B
Transportation
InfrastructureVehicle / Service
Users / Substance
Users / Content
• People Passenger Transportation• Goods Freight Transportation
Shar
e of
tota
l pas
seng
ers
or to
ns-k
m
Distance
Passengers
CommutingShoppingRecreation
BusinessTourism
Migration
Waste disposalLocal distribution
TradeEnergy & Raw Materials
Freight
Source: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Economics & Geography, Hofstra University.
Users / substance
Passengers FreightBoard, get off and transfer without
assistance
Must be loaded, unloaded and
transferred
Process information and act on it without
assistance
The information must be processed through
logistics managers
Make choices between means of transport
often irrationally
Logistics managers make choices between
means of transport rationally
Source: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Economics & Geography, Hofstra University.
Vehicles / Services
Vehicles / Services
Vehicles / Services
Vehicles / Services
Vehicles / Services
Vehicles / Services
Vehicles / Services
Vehicles / Services
Vehicles / Services
Infrastructure
Infrastructure
Infrastructure
Ingram Publishing Royalty Free Photograph
Infrastructure
Infrastructure
Infrastructure
Infrastructure
Evolution of Transportation
2000
Maritime Road Rail Air
1800
1900
1950
Docks
LocksRailsOmnibus
Steam engine
Electric motorBalloons
DirigiblesIronhulls
Internal combustion engineMetro
TramwayAutomobileLiners
Bicycles
PlanesTrucks
Buses
Electriccar
Hydrogencar
Airfoils
Supertankers
TGV
Maglev
Jet engine
Jet Plane
Containerships
Helicopters
Bulk ships
Highways
Jumbo Jet
Evolution of Transportation• The TGV (French: Train à Grande Vitesse, meaning high-speed train) is France's
high-speed rail service• A TGV the fastest rail journey with a start to stop average speed of 279.4 km/h (173.6 mph),
[2][3] • surpassed by the Chinese CRH service Harmony express on the
Wuhan–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway in 2009.
• Maglev (magnetic levitation), is a system of transportation that suspends, guides and propels trains, using magnetic levitation from a very large number of magnets for lift and propulsion.
• A hydrogen vehicle is an alternative fuel vehicle that uses hydrogen as its onboard fuel for power
• The current land speed record for a hydrogen-powered vehicle is 286.476 mph (461.038 km/h)
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• Now a days Supertankers has a length overall of 380.0 metres (1,246.7 ft) and a cargo capacity of 3,166,353 barrels (503,409,900 l).
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Jet aircraft propelled by jet engines generally fly much faster than propeller-powered aircraft and at higher altitudes – as high as 33,000 to 49,000 ft.
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•A jumbo jet is a large aircraft, most commonly the Boeing 747.
•The 747-400, is the fastest airliners in service with a high-subsonic cruise speed of 570 mph, 920 km/h.
•It can accommodate more than 500 passengers.
Evolution of Transportation
1500-1840 Average speed of wagon and sail ships: 16 km/hr
1850-1930 Average speed of trains: 100 km/hr.Average speed of steamships: 25 km/hr
1950 Average speed of airplanes: 480-640 km/hr
1970 Average speed of jet planes: 800-1120 km/hr
1990 Numeric transmission: instantaneous
Source: Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Economics & Geography, Hofstra University.
Evolution of Transportation
100
500
1000
1800 1900 20001850 1950
50
250
750
Stage CoachRail
Automobile
HSTPropeller Plane
Jet Plane
LinerClipper Ship Containership
Road
Maritime
Rail
Air
existing Challenges
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5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1950
1952
1954
1956
1958
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
Germany
Japan
United States
World
Transportation
• Multi-User• Multi-Scale• Multi-Modal• Multi-Impacts
What is TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
?
Transportation Engineering
• One of the specialty areas of civil engineering – Development of facilities (roads , railways,
airports, Bus stops,..) for the movement of goods and people
– Planning, design, operation and maintenance • Multidisciplinary study
Transportation Engineering
Transportation Engineering
• An interesting / exciting area !• Employers
– 50% government – 40% consultants – 5% research, teaching – 5% other rail, trucking firms, etc.
Highway Engineering
• The application of technology and scientific principles to the planning, functional design, operation, and management of roads, streets and highways, their networks, terminals, abutting lands, and relationships with other modes of transportation.
• Areas of highway engineering:– Planning of streets and highways– Geometric design of road facilities– Traffic operations and control– Traffic safety– Maintenance of road facilities and controls