lecture 1. english language; civic state (civil society); common law based legal framework; free...
TRANSCRIPT
Angloshpere Commonalities:
English Language;
Civic state (civil society);
Common Law based legal
framework;
Free market economy;
Parliamentary political system;
Private property;
Equality before courts;
Democracy...
What is Culture?
“Culture is the collective programming of the human mind that distinguishes the members of one human group from those of another. Culture in this sense is a system of collectively held values.”
Geert Hofstede
“Culture is the deeper level of basic assumptions and beliefs that are shared by members of an organization, that operate unconsciously and define in a basic ‘taken for granted’ fashion an organization's view of its self and its environment.”
Edgar Schein
Culture is "that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society."
Edward B. Tylor
Culture is the characteristics of a particular group of people, defined by everything from language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts
Characteristics of Culture
Culture is an adaptive
mechanism.
Culture is
cumulative.
Culture is learned and
accepted. Culture is non-instinctive.
Cultural ValuesThe commonly held standards of what is acceptable or unacceptable, important or unimportant, right or wrong, workable or unworkable, etc., in a community or society.
These patterns, traits, and products considered as the expression of a particular community, period, class, or population.
The totality of socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other products of human work and thought.
Hofstede Dimensions of National Culture
Power Distance.
Masculinity vs. Femininity.
Individualism vs. Collectivism.
Uncertainty Avoidance.
*Long-Term Orientation.(added later by Michael Bond and colleagues )
Anglosphere Countries Compared
PDI IDV MAS UAI LTO0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
36
90
61
51
3139
80
5248
23
35
89
66
35
25
40
91
62
46
2928
70 68
3543
22
79
58
49
30
Australia Canada United Kingdom United States IrelandNew Zealand
10 Commandments of American Culture
You can't argue with success.
You are only young once.
Live and let live.
Time is money.
Time flies when you're having fun. Shop till you drop.
Just do it.
Enough is enough. Rules are made to be
broken.
Work hard.
US Cultural ValuesIndividualism / Individuality.
Time.
Directness/Openness/Assertiveness.
Social Mobility.
Equality/Informality.
Competition/Achievement.
Privacy.
American IdentityDiversity.
Weekends.
Social/Cultural.
Legal Status.
Dress / Apparel.
Impression of Other Countries.
United States Is the World.
Basic Etiquette in the USACourtesy.
Personal Space.
Alcohol and Smoking.
Greetings and Good-byes.
Social Invitations.
Dining.
Practicing Your Religion.
Friendship and Dating.
Taboos in the USACover your mouth when you yawn, sneeze or cough.
Americans are offended by strong odors.
Do not pick your teeth or nose in public.
Do not stare at someone you are talking to.
Do not belch loudly in public.
Do not spit.
Do not whistle at women.