110

ENGINEERING MATERIALS (Ch.E-101)

Credit Hours

Theory + Practical (3) (0)

WECWEC

Introduction to Engineering Materials

“Because without materials, there is no

engineering.”

Scope:

Provide an introduction to the science and

engineering of materials e.g., metals, ceramics,

polymers, composites and semiconductors

ENGINEERING MATERIALS (Ch.E-101)Course Outline

Introduction to the concepts of stress & strain applied to Chemical Engineering Design.

Mechanical & Thermal Properties & the applications of the

following materials of construction;

Iron & Steel;

Nickel;

Hastelloy;

Copper Alloys;

Aluminum & Its Alloys;

ENGINEERING MATERIALS (Ch.E-101)Course Outline

Lead;

Titanium & Tantalum;

Phase Equilibrium Diagrams of Stainless Steel;

Polymeric Materials;

Composite materials;

Glass;

Stoneware; Acid-resistant bricks & tiles. Special materials of construction. Introduction to Corrosion & its types.

Engineering Materials Properties & Selection (8th ed.) by kenneth G. Budinski, Michael K. Budiniski

William F. Smith. “Principles of Materials Science & Engineering” McGraw Hill.

Properties of engineering materials by R.A. Higgins

Recommended Books

Objective

To understand

&

to have basic concept of Engineering

Materials

&

various types of engineering materials

The Structure of Materials (Origin)

Fuels, chemicals,oils, paints, foods

polymers, soils, natural resins

CO2,CO

Acids, water, bases, chemicals.

Metals, ceramics, composites, glasses

Chlorine, argon, helium

ENGINEERING MATERIALS-AN INTRODUCTION

Materials can be defined as anything which

satisfies the human needs

or

Materials are substances of which some thing is

composed or made of.

Since civilization materials are in use by people

to improve their standard of living.

Materials are everywhere about us in the

shapes of products.

ENGINEERING MATERIALS-AN INTRODUCTION

Commonly encountered materials are wood

(timber), concrete, bricks, steel. plastic, glass,

rubber, aluminum, copper and paper etc.

If we look around we can easily realise that there

are many more kinds of materials. These new

types of materials are being frequently

developed as a result of constant research and

development.

The world of materials

Metals,alloys

Ceramics,glasses

Polymers,elastomers

Hybrids, composites

The world of materials

Polymers,

elastomers

Ceramics,

glasses Hybrids,

composites

Metals,

alloys

The term engineering materials is specifically used to refer materials to produce technical products.

Materials engineering is based largely on the pure sciences of chemistry and physics.

All materials obey the laws of physics and chemistry in their formation, reactions and combinations.

Engineering materials

Engineers design products and their processing systems for the production of these products.

Products require materials Engineers should have the knowledge of engineering

materials i.e. an engineer should be knowledgeable about

the structure and properties of the materials

so that he is able to select the most suitable ones for each application and he is able to develop best processing methods.

Engineering materials

Classification of Engineering materials

Most of the Engineering materials can be

classified into main following categories :

1. Metallic materials

2. Polymeric materials

3. Ceramic materials

4. Composite materials

5. Electronic materials

6. Advance materials

Structure of materials

Crystalline materials have regular geometrical shape in which atoms have characteristic regular and repetitive three dimensional arrangement

Examples of crystalline materials are metals, alloys and some ceramic materials.

Amorphous materials in which atoms do not have characteristic regular and repetitive three dimensional arrangement e.g glasses & plastics

The physical structure of solid materials depends on the arrangement of the atoms, ions or molecules and the bonding forces between them.

Metallic materials

These are inorganic substances which are

composed of one or more metallic elements.

Examples of metallic elements are Iron,

Copper, Aluminum. Non-metallic elements

such as Carbon, Nitrogen and Oxygen may

also be contained in the metallic materials.

Metallic materials Metals have

crystalline structure, when solid

good thermal and electrical conductivity,

good strength and ductility

can be plastically deformed on the

application of load without fracturing

opaque, reflective, shiny if polished

Metallic materials

Metallic materials are further classified into

ferrous, and non-ferrous materials.

Ferrous materials contain large percentage

of iron such as steels and cast irons and

Non-ferrous materials that do not contain

iron or only relatively small amount of iron.

Example of non-ferrous metals are Al, Cu,

Zn, Ti, & Ni.

Several uses of steel and pressed aluminum.

Metals

The word polymer is actually taken from two

Greek words, Poly = many and mer =

repeating units or parts.

Polymeric materials are usually long organic

molecular chains i. e., compounds of C & H.

So the polymeric materials are organic

compounds having many repeated units,

e.g., Teflon, Nylon 6,6, Polythene etc.

Polymeric materials

Polymeric materials

Polymers/plastics: Covalent bonding sharing

of e’s

Soft, ductile,

low strength,

low density

thermal & electrical insulators

Optically transparent.

Polymers include “Plastics” and rubber materials

Polymers

The word ceramics actually is taken from the Greek word “ Keramos “ = burnt stuff / Clay.

Ceramics are inorganic materials consisting of metallic & non-metallic elements chemically bonded together unlike metallic materials.

They may be crystalline, non-crystalline or mixtures, e.g., refractories.

Ceramic materials

Ceramic materials

Ceramics: ionic bonding (refractory) –

compounds of metallic & non-metallic

elements (oxides, carbides, nitrides,

sulfides)

Hard, Brittle,

non-conducting (insulators)

Examples of ceramic materials ranging from household to high performance combustion engines which utilize both metals and ceramics.

Ceramics

Composite materials are mixtures of

two or more materials to produce

properties that are not produced in a

single material, e.g., Fiber glass,

concrete, plywood etc.

Composite materials

The useful properties which can be

produced in such materials are: strength,

stiffness,

hardness,

temperature resistance, corrosion

resistance,

conductivity etc.

Composite materials

Polymer composite materials: reinforcing glass fibers in a polymer matrix.

Composites

Electronic materials are used in electronics,

especially microelectronics, e.g., Silicon,

Germanium & Gallium Arsenide etc.

In Semiconductors the bonding is covalent

(electrons are shared between atoms).

Their electrical properties depend strongly on

minute proportions of contaminants (e.g. Si,

Ge, GaAs)

Electronic materials

Si wafer for computer chip devices.

Semiconductors

Micro-Electrical-Mechanical Systems (MEMS)

Classification, cont. Metals

Steel, Cast Iron, Aluminum, Copper, Titanium, many others

Ceramics Glass, Concrete,

Brick, Alumina, Zirconia, SiN, SiC

Polymers Plastics, Wood,

Cotton (rayon, nylon), “glue”

Composites Glass Fiber-

reinforced polymers, Carbon Fiber-reinforced polymers, Metal Matrix Composites, etc.

Types of Materials- summary

The Materials Selection Process

1. Pick Application Determine required Properties

2. Properties Identify candidate Material(s)

3. Material Identify required Processing

Processing: changes structure and overall shapeex: casting, sintering, vapor deposition, doping forming, joining, annealing.

Properties: mechanical, electrical, thermal,magnetic, optical.

Material: structure, composition.

Thanks

Thermal properties are related to transmission of heat and heat capacity.

Mechanical properties – response to mechanical forces, strength, etc.