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Physiology Physiology 11

Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System

Guyton Ch 31-36

A little terminologyA little terminology

Bundle of nerve fibersBundle of nerve fibersPNS = nervePNS = nerveCNS = Tract or pathwayCNS = Tract or pathway

Grouping of Neuron Cell bodiesGrouping of Neuron Cell bodiesPNS = Ganglion (ganglia)PNS = Ganglion (ganglia)CNS = Nucleus (nuclei) CNS = Nucleus (nuclei)

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Ventricular System of the BrainVentricular System of the Brain BloodBlood--Brain BarrierBrain Barrier

Overview of the Overview of the SynapseSynapse

Where integration, learning, and Where integration, learning, and adaptation take place and where most adaptation take place and where most

drugs work.drugs work.

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A single neuron’s activity can A single neuron’s activity can combine with other neurons to form combine with other neurons to form

complex electrical processing complex electrical processing systemssystems

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Activity at the synapse can either Activity at the synapse can either stimulate or inhibit the post synaptic stimulate or inhibit the post synaptic

cell.cell.

Excitatory post synaptic potential (EPSP)Excitatory post synaptic potential (EPSP)Inhibitory post synaptic potential (IPSP) Inhibitory post synaptic potential (IPSP)

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Activity at or around the synapse can Activity at or around the synapse can also have a also have a neuromodulatoryneuromodulatory effect.effect.

Receptor mechanismsReceptor mechanisms Second Messenger systemsSecond Messenger systems

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Tyrosine Tyrosine KinaseKinase

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A Brief Introduction to a few A Brief Introduction to a few NeurotransmittersNeurotransmitters

Biogenic AminesBiogenic AminesAmino AcidsAmino AcidsNeuropeptidesNeuropeptidesATPATPNONOAcetylcholineAcetylcholine

A few neurotransmittersA few neurotransmitters

Biogenic AminesBiogenic AminesCatecholaminesCatecholamines

DopamineDopamineEpinephrineEpinephrineNorepinephrineNorepinephrine

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A few neurotransmittersA few neurotransmitters

Biogenic AminesBiogenic AminesCatecholaminesCatecholamines

DopamineDopamineEpinephrineEpinephrineNorepinephrineNorepinephrine

SerotoninSerotonin

Serotonin (5Serotonin (5--HT) synthesisHT) synthesisSerotoninSerotonin

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A few neurotransmittersA few neurotransmitters

Biogenic AminesBiogenic AminesNeuropeptidesNeuropeptides

OpiatesOpiatesEnkephalinsEnkephalinsBeta EndorphinsBeta Endorphins

Substance PSubstance PNeuropeptideNeuropeptide YY

A few neurotransmittersA few neurotransmitters

Biogenic AminesBiogenic AminesNeuropeptidesNeuropeptidesAmino AcidsAmino Acids

GamaGama Amino Amino ButericButeric Acid (GABA)Acid (GABA)GlutamateGlutamate

ATPATPNitric OxideNitric Oxide

A few neurotransmittersA few neurotransmitters

Biogenic AminesBiogenic AminesNeuropeptidesNeuropeptidesATPATPNitric OxideNitric OxideAcetylcholineAcetylcholine

Acetylcholine

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AcetycholineAcetycholine

DrugsDrugs

The synapse is the site of action for The synapse is the site of action for many pharmaceutical therapies.many pharmaceutical therapies.

Drugs that work at the receptorDrugs that work at the receptor

Antagonist Antagonist –– binds receptor and blocks action binds receptor and blocks action of normal of normal ligandligandAgonist Agonist –– Bind receptor and activate it Bind receptor and activate it

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Serotonin and LSDSerotonin and LSD AcetycholineAcetycholine and Nicotineand Nicotine

CocaineCocaine Grey Matter vs. White MatterGrey Matter vs. White Matter

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Organization of the Cerebral Cortex Organization of the Cerebral Cortex tissuetissue

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Types of Neural innervation that Types of Neural innervation that travels through the spinetravels through the spine

Somatic nervesSomatic nervesAutonomic nervesAutonomic nerves

Sympathetic Sympathetic ParasympatheticParasympathetic

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