leaves have many functions 1. leaves are the photosynthetic organ of a plant; usually they are...
TRANSCRIPT
Leaveshave many functions
1. Leaves are the photosynthetic organ of a plant; usually they are composed of 2 parts: the blade and petiole.
2. Leaves are the main site of evaporation of water from the plant.
3. Gas exchange carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and oxygen from photosynthesis and for respiration are usually exchanged through the leaves.
Function of Leaf Tissues• Cuticle – waxy covering prevents water loss• Upper and Lower Epidermis - Protection• Palisade Mesophyll Cells – main photosynthetic tissue• Bundle Sheath Cells - give some rigidity and
protection to the enclosed vascular tissue. • Xylem – transports water• Phloem – transports sugars• Spongy Mesophyll Cells – create spaces for gas
exchange• Guard Cells – regulate the flow of water• Stomata – openings in the leaf, exchange of gases• Vein (Vascular bundle)– transportation• Sclerenchyma – strength and support
Stomata -are the "pores" in leaves
(and stems) through which CO2 is taken in and O2 is released during photosynthesis.
Plants control when stomata are open or closed and the width of the opening (formed by two guard cells that expand and contract to open and close the space between them).
Flowers are the reproductive structures of the plant.
- Attract pollinators, and protects the reproductive structures
- Protects young flower
base of the flower -
Site where the eggs are produced -
The Male Reproductive Structures are called the Stamens.
They consist of two parts:
• The anther -- a small case in which the pollen grains form
• The filament -- a slender stem that supports the anther
The Female Reproductive Structure is called the Pistil.
It consists of three parts:• The stigma -- the pollen
grains stick to this small sticky pad
• The style -- the pollen grains grow down through this stem-like cylinder
• The ovary -- this is where the young seeds (eggs) wait for the chromosomes in the pollen (sperm), and where they grow into mature seeds…. Which contain the embryos.
also called a Carpel
Pollinationis the transfer of pollen from the male part of the
plant to the female part of the plant.
Water Pollination orchids are usually water-pollinated plants.
The pollen is transferred
(washed) to the stigma by water
(rain).
Wind Pollinationconifers are usually wind-pollinated plants.
The pollen is transferred (blown) to the stigma by wind.
Self-PollinationPollen from plant A pollinates plant A… the offspring now is composed of the DNA from only one parent.
Self-pollination ensures genetic continuity….. every generation is genetically identical.
Cross-Pollination
Pollen from plant B is transferred to plant A… the offspring now is composed of the
DNA of both parents. Cross-
pollination creates diversity.
Gymnosperms (cone-bearing plants)
Gymnosperms reproduce using
cones• The Female cone is
called the “Seed” cone… it contains the eggs (which become seeds after fertilization)
• The Male cone is called the “Pollen” cone… the pollen contains the sperm cells.
Double Fertilizationeach pollen grain contains two sperm cells….. One sperm cell fertilizes the egg (2n - which becomes the embryo), the other fertilizes the polar
nuclei. (3n – which eventually becomes the endosperm)
Seeds- Store and digest foods
- Attachment point to Ovule
- Opening for sperm tube
- Protection
Embryonic root -
Embryonic leaves - Epicotyl
Hypocotyl - Embryonic Stem
Monocot and Dicot SeedsMonocots have one cotyledon (seed leaf), Dicots have two cotyledons (seed leaves)
Fruita mature plant ovary that encloses a seed, or seeds, and provides
nourishment and protection
Pericarp
Floral Tube
Mesocarp
Seed
Exocarp
Endocarp