DEFECTS

Various defects can be seen on the surface of leather.Holes can be seen on the surface of the leather whichhappens while pulling of the hair or wool from the surfaceof the leather.The hair is removed manually from the skin or the hide.During the process of the removal of hair from the hide orthe skin, few hairs are pulled with greater force whichresults in holes at times.These holes degrade the quality of the leather.

Wobble:This is another type of defect that is found on animalsmainly cows. This defect is mostly because of insect bites.Generally in the life time of cattle, cow or a buffalo theygo near marshy and swampy areas and in jungles so a fewparasites like leeches stick to their bodies. So, when thecattle is dead these insects still remain in their bodiesthese have to be removed at times which lead to hole inthe skin of the animals. This type of defect is calledwobble.This reduces the quality of the leather or else we can saythat it degrades the leather.

Itching defects:At times animals develop certain kinds of allergies due tovarious reasons such as living in a bad area or because ofinsects. Now due to this they develop irritation and startto scratch themselves.This leads to the defect on the skin leading to unevensurface or rough surface. This further leads to thedegradation of the quality of leather.

Flay cuts:This type of defect arises when the flesh is being removedfrom the animal. This process is done manually. So at timeswhile removing the flesh the skin or the hide is even pulledoff.This defect reduces the cutting value of the leather to agreat extent. This degrading the quality of the leather.

Hump marks:In most of the cattle there is a hump in the neck area.The leather near this hump is of poor quality and thereby isnot usable. Their by reducing the cutting value.

Pox marks:Small spots like marks can be seen on the surface of theleather.These marks are the pox marks which happen to theanimals during their life time although most of these don'tleave a mark behind but in certain cases they do. Thesemarks reduce the quality of the leather.