learning to listen

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Learning to Listen and Helping Others Do the Same

Understanding Listening

Stages of Listening

Barriers to Listening

Enhancing Your Listening

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Helping Your Audience Listen More

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Learning to Listen and Helping Others Do the Same(continued)

Giving and Receiving Criticism



• The Importance of Listening

• Listening and Critical Thinking

• Causes of Poor Listening: Low Concentration, Trying Too Hard,

Jumping Ahead, and Focusing on Style Rather than Substance

Understanding Listening

Learning to Listen and Helping Others Do the Same > Understanding Listening


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• The listening process involves five stages: receiving, understanding, evaluating,

remembering, and responding.

• Active listening is a particular communication technique that requires the listener

to provide feedback on what he or she hears to the speaker.

• Three main degrees of active listening are repeating, paraphrasing, and

reflecting.

The Importance of Listening


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Antony Gormley's statue "Untitled [Listening]," Maygrove Peace Park

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• Critical thinking is the process by which people qualitatively and quantitatively

assess the information they accumulate.

• Critical thinking skills include observation, interpretation, analysis, inference,

evaluation, explanation, and metacognition.

• The concepts and principles of critical thinking can be applied to any context or

case, including the process of listening.

• Effective listening lets people collect information in a way that promotes critical

thinking and successful communication.

Listening and Critical Thinking


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Roosevelt and Churchill in Conversation



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• Low concentration can be the result of various psychological or physical

situations such as visual or auditory distractions, physical discomfort, inadequate

volume, lack of interest in the subject material, stress, or personal bias.

• When listeners give equal weight to everything they hear, it makes it difficult to

organize and retain the information they need. When the audience is trying too

hard to listen, they often cannot take in the most important information they need.

• Jumping ahead can be detrimental to the listening experience; when listening to

a speaker's message, the audience overlooks aspects of the conversation or

makes judgments before all of the information is presented.

• Confirmation bias is the tendency to pick out aspects of a conversation that

support one's own preexisting beliefs and values.

• A flashy speech can actually be more detrimental to the overall success and

comprehension of the message because a speech that focuses on style offers

little in the way of substance.

• Recognizing obstacles ahead of time can go a long way toward overcoming

them.

Causes of Poor Listening: Low Concentration, Trying Too Hard, Jumping Ahead, and Focusing on Style Rather than Substance


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• The Receiving Stage

• The Understanding Stage

• The Evaluating Stage

• The Responding Stage

• The Remembering Stage

Stages of Listening

Learning to Listen and Helping Others Do the Same > Stages of Listening




• Hearing is the physiological process of registering sound waves as they hit the

eardrum.

• Attending is the process of accurately identifying particular sounds we hear as

words.

• Attending also involves being able to discern breaks between words, or speech

segmentation.

The Receiving Stage


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Donkey Ears



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• The understanding stage is the second stage in the listening process.

• Determining the context and meaning of each word is essential to understanding

a sentence.

• Understanding what we hear is essential to gathering information.

• Asking questions can help a listener better understand a speaker's message or

main point.

The Understanding Stage


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38/365 Puzzled



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• The listener assesses the information she's gathered from the speaker both

qualitatively and quantitatively.

• Evaluating allows the listener to form an opinion of what she's heard.

• Evaluating is important for a listener in terms of how what she's heard will affect

her own ideas, decisions, actions, and/or beliefs.

The Evaluating Stage


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Focus



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• The speaker looks for responses from the listener to determine if her message is

being understood and/or considered.

• When a listener responds verbally to what she hears, the speaker/listener roles

are reversed.

• Based on the listener's responses, the speaker can choose to either adjust or

continue with the delivery of her message.

The Responding Stage


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Conversation Piece by Juan Munoz (1999)



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• Memory is essential throughout the listening process.

• Memory lets the speaker put what she hears in the context of what she's heard

before.

• Using information immediately after receiving it enhances information retention.

• Distracted or mindless listening reduces information retention.

The Remembering Stage


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Memory



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• Culture

• Gender

• Technology

Barriers to Listening

Learning to Listen and Helping Others Do the Same > Barriers to Listening




• Cultural differences can include speakers' accents, vocabulary, and assumptions

about shared information or the roles of listeners and speakers in conversation.

• Effective communicators understand that they grow up with cultural biases for

and against certain modes of communication.

• Suspending judgments, exercising empathy, and focusing on content rather than

style can help overcome cultural barriers to effective communication.

Culture


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Handshake



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• As a social construct, gender is learned, symbolic, and dynamic.

• Starting in childhood, girls and boys are generally socialized to belong to distinct

cultures and thus, speak in ways particular to their own gender’s rules and

norms.

• For those socialized in a feminine community, the purpose of communication is to

create and foster relational connections with other people.

• The goal for typically masculine communication is to establish individuality.

Gender


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Invisible Couple



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• Technology can help the audience listen to the speech's message by making

them physically able to hear the speaker's words, such as through electronic

amplification.

• However, malfunctioning technological equipment can disrupt the listening

process.

• Personal electronics like laptops and cell phones can distract listeners from a

speaker, particularly when used by audience members during the presentation.

• Do not be afraid to do a test run of any and all technology that will be used during

the presentation to ensure it works smoothly when the time comes.

• Before the beginning of the speech, both the speaker and the audience should

silence their cell phones or other noise-making devices.

Technology


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Lasers



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• Be a Serious Listener: Resist Distractions and Listen Actively

• Be an Open-Minded Listener: Suspend Judgment and Exercise

Empathy

Enhancing Your Listening

Learning to Listen and Helping Others Do the Same > Enhancing Your Listening




• Distractions can be internal or external. External distractions include auditory,

visual, or physical noise. Internal distractions may be psychological or emotional.

• In order to best focus in on a speaker's message, try to eliminate as many

distractions as possible.

• Active listening is a communication technique that requires the listener to feed

back what they hear to the speaker.

• Active listening also involves observing and assessing the speaker's behavior

and body language.

Be a Serious Listener: Resist Distractions and Listen Actively


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Distractions Are Everywhere



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• Listening with an open mind means being receptive to being influenced by what

one hears.

• Suspend judgment by becoming aware of pre-conceived notions; listening to the

entire speech before jumping to conclusions; and listening to what the speaker

has to say for understanding, not just to determine whether the speaker is right or

wrong.

• Listening with empathy lets the listener better understand where the speaker is

coming from, emotionally and conceptually.

• To be an effective open-minded listener, learn to leave ego at the door, and

instead strive to find common ground with your speaker.

Be an Open-Minded Listener: Suspend Judgment and Exercise Empathy


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Keep an Open Mind



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• Read Feedback Cues

• Hold the Audience's Attention

• Maximize Understanding

• Build Credibility

• Make Messages Easy to Remember

Helping Your Audience Listen More

Learning to Listen and Helping Others Do the Same > Helping Your Audience Listen More




• wVerbal feedback--during the speech you may solicit feedback from the audience

by asking a simple question to get feedback from the audience.

• Non-verbal feedback--When you are in front of the audience, non-verbal behavior

can be an important cue to what the audience understands, the level of

attentiveness, excitement or agreement, or confusion or disagreement.

• Audience Response System-- capture feedback from a large or remote audience

by using an audience response system to ask questions and then display the

answers. Audience members can respond using a wireless keypad such as a

clicker, SMS, or text using a smartphone.

• You can use the responses as personal feedback to modify your message or you

can share them with the audience by displaying the tabulated responses on a

web page or projected as part of a PowerPoint presentation.

Read Feedback Cues


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Transactional comm model



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• If the speaker can establish readiness by getting the audience's attention during

the first 25-30 seconds of the speech, he or she can then direct and focus that

attention to the important parts of the message.

• The speaker can direct the attention of the audience to what is important by using

changes in rate and volume, body movement, and gesture to emphasize what is

important.

• It is important to read the non-verbal clues of the audience to understand if they

have shifted their attention somewhere else.

• If the audience's attention is shifting from the speech, challenge the audience

with an inquiry to stimulating thinking.

• There are many strategies to employ to hold the attention of the audience, but

the most important is the ability to establish and maintain a genuine connection

with the people in the audience.

Hold the Audience's Attention


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Randy Orton Choke Hold, photo by Sean Refer



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• We depend on the use of words applied in various rhetorical strategies to

exchange understandings.

• You can apply prior knowledge of the audience to choose the right vocabulary, to

make comparisons with things familiar to them, to show the origin of things, to

group things into categories meaningful to them, and to number the steps or

events in the order that they occur.

• To increase understanding during a speech, you can take the perspective of the

audience to restate ideas, to ask the audience questions, and to paraphrase what

you have just said using different examples and choice of words.

Maximize Understanding


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Generalization process using trees



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• Credibility is not a characteristic of the source or speaker but an attitude in the

mind of the listener(s). You may have high credibility with one group of listeners

and low credibility with another.

• Building initial credibility—your initial credibility is your personal brand. The

audience may know you prior to the speech. If not, have someone introduce you

or provide relevant background as a self-introduction.

• Building derived credibility—When you speak confidently and assertively you

inspire others with your energy and words. To build credibility you want to look at

everything you do in the speech such as appearance, delivery, word choice, and

in general how you handle yourself.

• Building derived credibility—You establish common ground with the audience by

sharing aspects of your background that are similar to the audience, by using

supporting examples or experiences that you and the audience have in common,

and by creating a bond with the audience.

• Terminal credibility—You can build credibility for your next speech by establishing

a rapport with the audience so they walk away with a more positive view of you

than when you started.

Build Credibility


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Trust



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• Creating mental images of objects, people, and things is one of the oldest

memory tools presented in classic rhetoric.

• Creating an organizational scheme and positioning ideas, objects, or processes

into a specific order makes it easier for audiences to remember and reinforce

through the scheme.

• Breaking up long lists or series into smaller and manageable groupings of four to

five items helps audiences recall the items.

• Associating your new idea with ideas that are similar and/or familiar to the

audience ensures that the associations are meaningful and memorable.

• Repeating important ideas helps the audience remember and include internal

summaries.

• Creating a short poem, special word, or link system such as a story helps

audiences visualize a connection between previously unconnected objects,

ideas, or events.

Make Messages Easy to Remember


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Memory Sticks by Raul Medina Diaz



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• Cultural Differences in Approach to Criticism

• Giving Effective Criticism: Be Positive, Specific, Objective, and

Constructive

• Receiving Effective Criticism: Be Accepting and Open-Minded; Seek

Clarity

Giving and Receiving Criticism

Learning to Listen and Helping Others Do the Same > Giving and Receiving Criticism




• In lowcontext culture such as the United States people will say what is on their

minds directly; they will not "beataround the bush." In high context cultures such

as in Japan and China, people use indirect speech, hints, and subtle suggestions

to convey messages.

• The <i>instrumental </i>style is sender-orientated; the burden is on the speaker

to make him or herself understood. The <i>affective</i> style is more receiver-

orientated and places more responsibility on the listener.

• Collective orientation places the needs and interests of the group above

individual desires or motivations. In contrast, cultures with individualistic

orientations view the self as most important.

• "Face" is often thought of as a sense of self-worth that we want others to have of

us.

• Rules about maintaining eye contact vary from culture to culture and influence

how we approach feedback, questioning, and criticism.

Cultural Differences in Approach to Criticism


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United Nations Climate Change Conference



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• Effective criticism is appropriately motivated and positively intended.

• Effective criticism should be objective.

• Effective criticism is specific, relevant, and to the point.

• Effective criticism must be constructive, with the goal of improving a situation.

Giving Effective Criticism: Be Positive, Specific, Objective, and Constructive


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Being a Critic



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• Accepting that you are not perfect will help you learn from your mistakes.

• Be open-minded to the fact that others may see something that you do not; allow

for the fact that others may be right, and use that possibility to look within

yourself.

• When in doubt, seek clarity by taking notes and asking questions.

Receiving Effective Criticism: Be Accepting and Open-Minded; Seek Clarity


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Self-Criticism



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Appendix

Key terms

• Active listening A particular communication technique that requires the listener to provide feedback on what he or she hears to the speaker. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• Active listening A particular communication technique that requires the listener to provide feedback on what he or she hears to the speaker. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• Aristotle An ancient Greek philosopher (382–322 BC), student of Plato, and teacher of Alexander the Great. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• assess To determine, estimate or judge the value of; to evaluate (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• Attending The process of accurately identifying particular sounds as words. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• awareness The state or ability to perceive, to feel, or to be conscious of events, objects, or sensory patterns. In this level of consciousness, sense data can be confirmed by an observer without necessarily implying understanding. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• clarity The state, or measure of being clear, either in appearance, thought or style; lucidity. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• classification The act of forming into a class or classes; a distribution into groups, as classes, orders, families, etc., according to some common relations or attributes. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• collectivism philosophic, political, religious, economic, or social outlook that stresses the priority of group goals over individual goals and the importance of cohesion within social groups (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• comparison An evaluation of the similarities and differences of one or more things relative to each other. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• comprehension The totality of intentions or attributes, characters, marks, properties, or qualities, that the object possesses; the totality of intentions that are pertinent to the context of a given discussion. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• Confirmation bias The tendency to pick out aspects of a conversation that support our one's own preexisting beliefs and values. (CC BY-SA 3.0)



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http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Aristotle


http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/assess


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http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/clarity


http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/classification


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http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/comparison


http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/comprehension


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• constructive Carefully considered and meant to be helpful. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• credibility The objective and subjective components of the believability of a source or message. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• Critical thinking The process by which people qualitatively and quantitatively assess the information they have accumulated. (

CC BY-SA 3.0)

• culture The beliefs, values, behavior and material objects that constitute a people's way of life; the arts, customs, and habits that characterize a particular society or nation. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• Culture culture (plural cultures)The arts, customs, and habits that characterize a particular society or nation.The beliefs, values, behaviour and material objects that constitute a people's way of life.(microbiology) The process of growing a bacterial or other biological entity in an artificial medium.(anthropology) Any knowledge passed from one generation to the next, not necessarily with respect to human beings.The collective noun for a group of bacteria.(botany) cultivationThe Culture of Spring-Flowering Bulbs[1](computing) The language and peculiarities of a geographical location.A culture is the combination of the language that you speak and the geographical location you belong to. It also includes the way you represent dates, times and currencies. ... Examples: en-UK, en-US, de-AT, fr-BE, etc. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• Empathy The capacity to understand another person's point of view or the result of such understanding. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• ethos A rhetorical appeal to an audience based on the speaker/writer's credibility. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• Evaluating stage The stage of the listening process during which the listener critically assesses the information she's received from the speaker. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• Face a sense of self-worth or self-esteem, especially in the eyes of others (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• feedback The receivers' verbal and nonverbal responses to a message, such as a nod for understanding (nonverbal), a raised eyebrow for being confused (nonverbal), or asking a question to clarify the message (verbal). (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• Gender The socio-cultural phenomenon of the division of people into various categories, such as "male" and "female," with each having associated clothing, roles, stereotypes, etc. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• Hearing The physiological process of registering sound waves as they hit the eardrum. (CC BY-SA 3.0)



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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/credibility


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http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Culture


http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Empathy


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ethos


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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/feedback


http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Gender


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing


• Judgment The evaluation of evidence in the making of a decision. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• Listening The active process by which we make sense of, assess, and respond to what we hear. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• memory The ability of an organism to record information about things or events with the facility of recalling them later at will. (

CC BY-SA 3.0)

• memory The ability of an organism to record information about things or events with the facility of recalling them later at will. (

CC BY-SA 3.0)

• Metacognition "Cognition about cognition", or "knowing about knowing." It can take many forms, including knowledge about when and how to use particular strategies for learning or for problem solving. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• mnemonic Anything (especially something in verbal form) used to help remember something. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• perception Conscious understanding of something; acuity. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• recall Memory; the ability to remember. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• Receiving stage The first stage of the listening process, which involves hearing and attending. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• Remembering stage The stage of listening wherein the listener categorizes and retains the information she's gathering from the speaker. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• Responding stage The listening stage wherein the listener provides verbal and/or nonverbal reactions to what she hears. (

CC BY-SA 3.0)

• singularity A proposed point in the technological future at which artificial intelligences become capable of augmenting and improving themselves, leading to an explosive growth in intelligence. (CC BY-SA 3.0)



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judgment


http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/listening


http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/memory




http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metacognition


http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mnemonic


http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/perception


http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/recall


http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/receiving-stage


http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/remembering-stage


http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/responding-stage


http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/singularity


• tangential Merely touching, referring to a tangent, only indirectly related. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• Technology A device, material, or sequence of mathematical coded electronic instructions created by a person's mind that is built, assembled, or produced and which is not part of the natural world. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• understanding The mental (sometimes emotional) process of comprehension, or the assimilation of knowledge, which is subjective by its nature. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• Understanding stage The stage of listening during which the listener determines the context and meanings of the words that are heard. (CC BY-SA 3.0)

• Vividness effect The phenomenon of how vivid or highly graphic and dramatic events affect an individual’s perception of a situation. (CC BY-SA 3.0)



http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tangential


http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Technology


http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/understanding


http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/understanding-stage


http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/vividness-effect


Antony Gormley's statue "Untitled [Listening]," Maygrove Peace Park


Geograph. "Antony Gormley's statue "Untitled... (C) Mike Quinn :: Geograph Britain and Ireland." CC BY-SA http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/2468910 View on Boundless.com



http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/2468910

https://www.boundless.com/image/antony-gormley-s-statue-untitled-listening-maygrove-peace-park

Degrees of Active Listening


Wikipedia. "Active-listening-chart." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Active-listening-chart.png View on Boundless.com



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Active-listening-chart.png

https://www.boundless.com/image/degrees-of-active-listening

Roosevelt and Churchill in Conversation


Geograph. "Roosevelt and Churchill in conversation (C) Zorba the Geek :: Geograph Britain and Ireland." CC BY-SA http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/875991 View on Boundless.com




https://www.boundless.com/image/roosevelt-and-churchill-in-conversation


Flickr. "Ear Horn | Flickr - Photo Sharing!." CC BY http://www.flickr.com/photos/paul_garland/4957441955/ View on Boundless.com


http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/paul_garland/4957441955/

https://www.boundless.com/image/--62

Donkey Ears


Flickr. "Donkey ears | Flickr - Photo Sharing!." CC BY http://www.flickr.com/photos/dahlstroms/3990778114/ View on Boundless.com



http://www.flickr.com/photos/dahlstroms/3990778114/

https://www.boundless.com/image/donkey-ears

38/365 Puzzled


Fotopedia. CC BY http://www.fotopedia.com/items/flickr-3261364899 View on Boundless.com



http://www.fotopedia.com/items/flickr-3261364899

https://www.boundless.com/image/38-365-puzzled

Focus


Fotopedia. "Focus by in Shallow focus on Fotopedia - Images for Humanity ." CC BY-SA http://www.fotopedia.com/items/flickr-3498552329 View on Boundless.com



http://www.fotopedia.com/items/flickr-3498552329

https://www.boundless.com/image/focus

Conversation Piece by Juan Munoz (1999)


Geograph. "Conversation Piece by Juan Munoz (1999) (C) Wendy North :: Geograph Britain and Ireland." CC BY-SA http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/917829 View on Boundless.com




https://www.boundless.com/image/conversation-piece-by-juan-munoz-1999

Memory


Dave Page. "DMS 423 - Class 4." CC BY http://resumbrae.com/ub/dms423_f07/04/ View on Boundless.com



http://resumbrae.com/ub/dms423_f07/04/

https://www.boundless.com/image/memory--2

Handshake


Flickr. "Handshake | Flickr - Photo Sharing!." CC BY-SA http://www.flickr.com/photos/aidan_jones/3575000735/ View on Boundless.com



http://www.flickr.com/photos/aidan_jones/3575000735/

https://www.boundless.com/image/handshake--2

Invisible Couple


Geograph. "Invisible couple (C) william :: Geograph Britain and Ireland." CC BY-SA http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/2387488 View on Boundless.com




https://www.boundless.com/image/invisible-couple

Lasers


http://www.arteyfotografia.com.ar/7424/fotos/208818/. CC BY http://www.arteyfotografia.com.ar/7424/fotos/208818/ View on Boundless.com



http://www.arteyfotografia.com.ar/7424/fotos/208818/

https://www.boundless.com/image/lasers

Distractions Are Everywhere


Flickr. "All sizes | Distracted Driving Summit | Flickr - Photo Sharing!." CC BY http://www.flickr.com/photos/merfam/3978571622/sizes/l/ View on Boundless.com



http://www.flickr.com/photos/merfam/3978571622/sizes/l/

https://www.boundless.com/image/distractions-are-everywhere

Keep an Open Mind


Flickr. "Keep an Open Mind | Flickr - Photo Sharing!." CC BY http://www.flickr.com/photos/mikecogh/2613329904/ View on Boundless.com



http://www.flickr.com/photos/mikecogh/2613329904/

https://www.boundless.com/image/keep-an-open-mind

Transactional comm model


Wikipedia. "Transactional comm model." CC BY 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Transactional_comm_model.jpg View on Boundless.com


http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Transactional_comm_model.jpg

https://www.boundless.com/image/transactional-comm-model

Randy Orton Choke Hold, photo by Sean Refer


Wikimedia. "RandyOrton-chokehold." CC BY-SA http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%253ARandyOrton-chokehold.jpg View on Boundless.com



http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:RandyOrton-chokehold.jpg

https://www.boundless.com/image/randy-orton-choke-hold-photo-by-sean-refer

Knuckle Mnemonic


Wikimedia. "Knucklemnemonic." CC BY-SA http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Knucklemnemonic.jpg#file View on Boundless.com



http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Knucklemnemonic.jpg%23file

https://www.boundless.com/image/knuckle-mnemonic

Generalization process using trees


Wikimedia. "Generalization process using trees." Public domain http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%253AGeneralization_process_using_trees.jpg View on Boundless.com


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Generalization_process_using_trees.jpg

https://www.boundless.com/image/generalization-process-using-trees

Trust


Wikimedia. "Trust." Public domain http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%253ATrust.svg View on Boundless.com


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Trust.svg

https://www.boundless.com/image/trust

Memory Sticks by Raul Medina Diaz


Wikimedia. "Memories Sticks." CC BY-SA http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Memories_Sticks.jpg View on Boundless.com



http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Memories_Sticks.jpg

https://www.boundless.com/image/memory-sticks-by-raul-medina-diaz

United Nations Climate Change Conference


Wikimedia. "Bali conference inside." CC BY http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%253ABali_conference_inside.jpg View on Boundless.com



http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bali_conference_inside.jpg

https://www.boundless.com/image/united-nations-climate-change-conference

Being a Critic


Flickr. "Media Critics Panel at NCMR | Flickr - Photo Sharing!." CC BY http://www.flickr.com/photos/edkohler/2561996199/ View on Boundless.com



http://www.flickr.com/photos/edkohler/2561996199/

https://www.boundless.com/image/being-a-critic

Self-Criticism


Flickr. "self-criticism | Flickr - Photo Sharing!." CC BY-SA http://www.flickr.com/photos/nauright/5230560657 View on Boundless.com



http://www.flickr.com/photos/nauright/5230560657

https://www.boundless.com/image/self-criticism



A particular communication technique that requires the listener to provide feedback on what he or she hears to the speaker.

A) Active listening

B) Critical thinking

C) Confirmation bias

D) Vividness effect

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comBoundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/active-listening--2



A) Active listening

B) Critical thinking


D) Vividness effect

http://www.boundless.com/






A) Active listening

B) Judgment

C) Empathy

D) Clarity



The final stage in the listening process is

A) receiving.

B) remembering.

C) evaluating.

D) responding.

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comBoundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/


The final stage in the listening process is

A) receiving.

B) remembering.

C) evaluating.

D) responding.






Active listening is

A) All of these answers.

B) a communication technique that requires the listener to provide feedback to the speaker.

C) a way of listening in which the audience restates or paraphrases what they heard in their own words.

D) a listening method that displays sincerity and improves personal relationships.



Active listening is


B) a communication technique that requires the listener to provide feedback to the speaker.

C) a way of listening in which the audience restates or paraphrases what they heard in their own words.

D) a listening method that displays sincerity and improves personal relationships.






The active process by which we make sense of, assess, and respond to what we hear.

A) Critical thinking

B) Confirmation bias

C) Vividness effect

D) Listening

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comBoundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/listening


The active process by which we make sense of, assess, and respond to what we hear.


B) Confirmation bias

C) Vividness effect

D) Listening



http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/listening



A political candidate’s father was not a citizen of the country in which the candidate is running for office. The candidate’s opponent uses that information to point out that the candidate does not share his fellow citizen’s values. When a critical listener hears this claim, how will he or she evaluate it?

A) By recognizing the differences between fact and opinion

B) By relying on reasoning and common sense

C) All of the answers

D) By listening ethically

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comSaylor OER. "Communication « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY 3.0 http://www.saylor.org/majors/Communication/


A political candidate’s father was not a citizen of the country in which the candidate is running for office. The candidate’s opponent uses that information to point out that the candidate does not share his fellow citizen’s values. When a critical listener hears this claim, how will he or she evaluate it?

A) By recognizing the differences between fact and opinion

B) By relying on reasoning and common sense

C) All of the answers

D) By listening ethically



http://www.saylor.org/majors/Communication/



The process by which people qualitatively and quantitatively assess the information they have accumulated.

A) Listening

B) Active listening

C) Critical thinking

D) Confirmation bias

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comBoundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/critical-thinking--2


The process by which people qualitatively and quantitatively assess the information they have accumulated.

A) Listening

B) Active listening

C) Critical thinking




http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/critical-thinking--2



Which of the following is an example of a critical thinking skill?

A) The ability to gather relevant information.

B) All of these answers.

C) The ability to determine the presence or lack of logical relationships.

D) The ability to use language clearly, efficiently, and with efficacy.



Which of the following is an example of a critical thinking skill?

A) The ability to gather relevant information.


C) The ability to determine the presence or lack of logical relationships.

D) The ability to use language clearly, efficiently, and with efficacy.






"Cognition about cognition", or "knowing about knowing." It can take many forms, including knowledge about when and how to use particular strategies for learning or for problem solving.

A) Metacognition

B) Active listening

C) Listening


Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWikipedia. "Metacognition." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metacognition


"Cognition about cognition", or "knowing about knowing." It can take many forms, including knowledge about when and how to use particular strategies for learning or for problem solving.

A) Metacognition

B) Active listening

C) Listening




http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metacognition



The phenomenon of how vivid or highly graphic and dramatic events affect an individual’s perception of a situation.

A) Vividness effect

B) Listening

C) Active listening

D) Critical thinking

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comBoundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/vividness-effect


The phenomenon of how vivid or highly graphic and dramatic events affect an individual’s perception of a situation.

A) Vividness effect

B) Listening

C) Active listening




http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/vividness-effect



The tendency to pick out aspects of a conversation that support our one's own preexisting beliefs and values.

A) Listening

B) Active listening



Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comBoundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/confirmation-bias


The tendency to pick out aspects of a conversation that support our one's own preexisting beliefs and values.

A) Listening

B) Active listening





http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/confirmation-bias



A scholar is delivering a speech on dialects used in urban environments in the United States at the end of the 20th century. He delivers the entire speech as a rap and the audience has a difficult time following his argument. This is an example of

A) jumping ahead.

B) focusing on style, not substance.

C) trying too hard.

D) low concentration.



The first stage of the listening process, which involves hearing and attending.

A) Receiving stage

B) Responding stage

C) memory

D) tangential

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comBoundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/receiving-stage


The first stage of the listening process, which involves hearing and attending.

A) Receiving stage

B) Responding stage

C) memory

D) tangential



http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/receiving-stage



The process of accurately identifying particular sounds as words.

A) Understanding stage

B) Responding stage

C) Attending

D) comprehension

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comBoundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/attending


The process of accurately identifying particular sounds as words.


B) Responding stage

C) Attending

D) comprehension



http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/attending



The physiological process of registering sound waves as they hit the eardrum.


B) Hearing

C) assess

D) tangential

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWikipedia. "Hearing." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing


The physiological process of registering sound waves as they hit the eardrum.


B) Hearing

C) assess

D) tangential



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing



The receiving stage of the listening process involves which of the following?

A) Being physically present in the space where the speech will take place.

B) Accurately identifying particular sounds we hear as words.

C) Responding verbally to the speaker.

D) Understanding the meaning of the speech.



The totality of intentions or attributes, characters, marks, properties, or qualities, that the object possesses; the totality of intentions that are pertinent to the context of a given discussion.

A) Hearing

B) comprehension

C) Remembering stage

D) assess

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "comprehension." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/comprehension


The totality of intentions or attributes, characters, marks, properties, or qualities, that the object possesses; the totality of intentions that are pertinent to the context of a given discussion.

A) Hearing

B) comprehension


D) assess



http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/comprehension



The stage of listening during which the listener determines the context and meanings of the words that are heard.

A) Hearing

B) Understanding stage

C) assess

D) recall

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comBoundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0



The stage of listening during which the listener determines the context and meanings of the words that are heard.

A) Hearing


C) assess

D) recall






Which of the following is an important element of the understanding stage of the listening process?

A) This is the stage in which the listener determines the context and meanings of words in the speech.

B) This stage allows the listener to get a big picture of the message.

C) All of these answers.

D) When the listener achieves understanding she can start a mental outline of the speech.



Which of the following is an important element of the understanding stage of the listening process?

A) This is the stage in which the listener determines the context and meanings of words in the speech.

B) This stage allows the listener to get a big picture of the message.


D) When the listener achieves understanding she can start a mental outline of the speech.






Merely touching, referring to a tangent, only indirectly related.

A) Receiving stage

B) Attending

C) tangential

D) comprehension

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "tangential." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tangential


Merely touching, referring to a tangent, only indirectly related.

A) Receiving stage

B) Attending

C) tangential

D) comprehension



http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tangential



To determine, estimate or judge the value of; to evaluate

A) assess

B) Receiving stage

C) Attending

D) Remembering stage

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "assess." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/assess


To determine, estimate or judge the value of; to evaluate

A) assess

B) Receiving stage

C) Attending

D) Remembering stage



http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/assess



The evaluating stage is the stage of the listening process in which

A) the listener interacts with the speaker verbally or nonverbally.

B) the listener recalls the information from the speech and repeats it to verify her understanding.

C) the listener assesses the information she's received and forms an opinion on what she's heard.

D) All of these answers



The stage of the listening process during which the listener critically assesses the information she's received from the speaker.

A) Attending

B) Remembering stage

C) recall

D) Evaluating stage

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comBoundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/evaluating-stage


The stage of the listening process during which the listener critically assesses the information she's received from the speaker.

A) Attending


C) recall

D) Evaluating stage



http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/evaluating-stage



The listening stage wherein the listener provides verbal and/or nonverbal reactions to what she hears.

A) Hearing


C) tangential

D) Responding stage

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comBoundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/responding-stage


The listening stage wherein the listener provides verbal and/or nonverbal reactions to what she hears.

A) Hearing


C) tangential

D) Responding stage



http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/responding-stage



Which of the following is an example of a nonverbal response?

A) asking questions

B) nodding

C) cutting off the speaker

D) requesting additional information



Memory; the ability to remember.

A) Receiving stage

B) comprehension

C) recall

D) tangential

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "recall." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/recall


Memory; the ability to remember.

A) Receiving stage

B) comprehension

C) recall

D) tangential



http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/recall



The ability of an organism to record information about things or events with the facility of recalling them later at will.

A) Hearing

B) memory

C) Receiving stage

D) Responding stage

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "memory." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/memory



A) Hearing

B) memory

C) Receiving stage

D) Responding stage






Memory is

A) critical to moving forward.


C) essential throughout the listening process.

D) something we depend on to let us place what we're hearing in the context of what we've heard before.




A) perception

B) comparison

C) memory

D) Aristotle



The stage of listening wherein the listener categorizes and retains the information she's gathering from the speaker.

A) Hearing



D) comprehension

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comBoundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/remembering-stage


The stage of listening wherein the listener categorizes and retains the information she's gathering from the speaker.

A) Hearing



D) comprehension



http://www.boundless.com//communications/definition/remembering-stage



As an open-minded listener, you should

A) excuse offensive language and assume the cause is a cultural difference.

B) bring assumptions into conversation that don't align with the beliefs of the conversational partner.


D) focus on what the speaker says, regardless of how they're saying it.



_______ (plural _______s)The arts, customs, and habits that characterize a particular society or nation.The beliefs, values, behaviour and material objects that constitute a people's way of life.(microbiology) The process of growing a bacterial or other biological entity in an artificial medium.(anthropology) Any knowledge passed from one generation to the next, not necessarily with respect to human beings.The collective noun for a group of bacteria.(botany) cultivationThe _______ of Spring-Flowering Bulbs[1](computing) The language and peculiarities of a geographical location.A _______ is the combination of the language that you speak and the geographical location you belong to. It also includes the way you represent dates, times and currencies. ... Examples: en-UK, en-US, de-AT, fr-BE, etc.

A) Vividness effect

B) Constructive

C) Clarity

D) Culture

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "Culture." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Culture



A) Vividness effect

B) Constructive

C) Clarity

D) Culture







A) Gender

B) Technology

C) Culture

D) assess

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "Culture." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Culture



A) Gender

B) Technology

C) Culture

D) assess






The socio-cultural phenomenon of the division of people into various categories, such as "male" and "female," with each having associated clothing, roles, stereotypes, etc.

A) Evaluating stage

B) Culture

C) Technology

D) Gender

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "Gender." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Gender


The socio-cultural phenomenon of the division of people into various categories, such as "male" and "female," with each having associated clothing, roles, stereotypes, etc.

A) Evaluating stage

B) Culture

C) Technology

D) Gender



http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Gender



As a social construct, gender is

A) learned.

B) symbolic.


D) dynamic.



When communicating in a masculine style, a speaker will

A) disclose personal information.

B) be tentative.

C) focus on responsiveness.

D) exhibit knowledge.



A device, material, or sequence of mathematical coded electronic instructions created by a person's mind that is built, assembled, or produced and which is not part of the natural world.

A) Culture

B) Technology

C) Gender

D) comprehension

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "Technology." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Technology


A device, material, or sequence of mathematical coded electronic instructions created by a person's mind that is built, assembled, or produced and which is not part of the natural world.

A) Culture

B) Technology

C) Gender

D) comprehension



http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Technology



Which of the following is a way in which technology can distract from a speech?

A) Technology can help the audience be physically able to hear the speaker's words.

B) Equipment can malfunction, causing disruptions to the listening process.

C) Taking lecture notes on a laptop can be a convenient way to record the ideas of the speaker.

D) All of these answers.



Which of the following is a way in which technology can distract from a speech?

A) Technology can help the audience be physically able to hear the speaker's words.

B) Equipment can malfunction, causing disruptions to the listening process.

C) Taking lecture notes on a laptop can be a convenient way to record the ideas of the speaker.







Speakers can avoid distractions caused by technology by

A) including many sources of visual stimulation.

B) having a cell phone close by and available in case it is needed.

C) doing a sound check.

D) allowing the audience to use mobile devices to engage with the speaker.



Active listening is


B) a communication technique that requires the listener to feed back what they hear to the speaker.

C) a technique that involves observing and assessing the speaker's behavior and body language.

D) an activity that confirms what the listener heard and that both parties understand each other.



How should you combat external distractions?

A) Make yourself as physically comfortable as possible so that you can focus fully on the speaker.


C) Engage in conversation in a room with loud noises and lots of visual stimulus.

D) Turn off mobile devices, relocate to a quiet space, and close unnecessary windows on your computer.





B) Active listening


D) Vividness effect

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comBoundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0





B) Active listening


D) Vividness effect







A) Judgment

B) Empathy

C) Clarity

D) Active listening



The evaluation of evidence in the making of a decision.

A) Active listening

B) Vividness effect

C) Clarity

D) Judgment

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWikipedia. "Judgment." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judgment


The evaluation of evidence in the making of a decision.

A) Active listening

B) Vividness effect

C) Clarity

D) Judgment



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judgment



The capacity to understand another person's point of view or the result of such understanding.

A) Empathy

B) Active listening

C) memory

D) assess

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "Empathy." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Empathy


The capacity to understand another person's point of view or the result of such understanding.

A) Empathy

B) Active listening

C) memory

D) assess



http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Empathy



Which of the following is a good technique for listening with an open mind?


B) If you disagree with the speaker, tune out that portion of the speech.

C) Temporarily suspend your associations, positive or negative, with the speaker.

D) When you listen to a speaker, let your own perspectives and judgements inform your interpretation.



In response to a speech, an audience gives the speaker a standing ovation. What type of feedback is that?

A) Summative

B) Substantive

C) Formative

D) All of the answers

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comSaylor OER. "Communication « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY 3.0



In response to a speech, an audience gives the speaker a standing ovation. What type of feedback is that?

A) Summative

B) Substantive

C) Formative

D) All of the answers






The receivers' verbal and nonverbal responses to a message, such as a nod for understanding (nonverbal), a raised eyebrow for being confused (nonverbal), or asking a question to clarify the message (verbal).

A) understanding

B) feedback

C) memory

D) singularity

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWikipedia. "feedback." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/feedback



A) understanding

B) feedback

C) memory

D) singularity







A) feedback

B) sender

C) noise

D) culture

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWikipedia. "feedback." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/feedback



A) feedback

B) sender

C) noise

D) culture






You are giving a speech at a conference and observe the following audience behaviors: clapping, attentive eye contact, audience members facing you directly, and an audience member touching her ear. Which of these behaviors displays disbelief?

A) clapping

B) touching the ear

C) eye contact

D) audience facing you



Which of the following is an example of the readiness to perceive step of the process of perception?

A) Use signposts phrases, like "Now get this..."

B) Challenge the audience with an inquiry to stimulate thinking.


D) Make sure the room is free of noise and other distractions.



Conscious understanding of something; acuity.

A) perception

B) understanding

C) comparison

D) Aristotle

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "perception." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/perception


Conscious understanding of something; acuity.

A) perception

B) understanding

C) comparison

D) Aristotle



http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/perception



The state or ability to perceive, to feel, or to be conscious of events, objects, or sensory patterns. In this level of consciousness, sense data can be confirmed by an observer without necessarily implying understanding.

A) understanding

B) awareness

C) Aristotle

D) mnemonic

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWikipedia. "awareness." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/awareness


The state or ability to perceive, to feel, or to be conscious of events, objects, or sensory patterns. In this level of consciousness, sense data can be confirmed by an observer without necessarily implying understanding.

A) understanding

B) awareness

C) Aristotle

D) mnemonic



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/awareness



The act of forming into a class or classes; a distribution into groups, as classes, orders, families, etc., according to some common relations or attributes.

A) perception

B) feedback

C) classification

D) memory

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "classification." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/classification


The act of forming into a class or classes; a distribution into groups, as classes, orders, families, etc., according to some common relations or attributes.

A) perception

B) feedback

C) classification

D) memory



http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/classification



Which of the following describes the perspective-taking strategy for testing your audience's understanding?

A) Build upon prior understanding of concepts by repeating and using internal summaries.

B) See how the members of an audience organize the world cognitively in order to reframe your concepts.

C) Question your audience to see if they understand what you are saying, and adjust to clarify.

D) Paraphrase what you said for the audience and restate the ideas with different examples.



Which of the following is a way to apply prior knowledge about the audience?

A) Ask yourself, "What vocabulary will my audience understand and what should I explain first?"

B) Help the audience picture changes from one state or condition to another.


D) Clearly list and number the steps or events you are describing in the order in which they occur.



An evaluation of the similarities and differences of one or more things relative to each other.

A) perception

B) comparison

C) singularity

D) mnemonic

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "comparison." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/comparison


An evaluation of the similarities and differences of one or more things relative to each other.

A) perception

B) comparison

C) singularity

D) mnemonic



http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/comparison



The mental (sometimes emotional) process of comprehension, or the assimilation of knowledge, which is subjective by its nature.

A) understanding

B) perception

C) ethos

D) singularity

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "understanding." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/understanding


The mental (sometimes emotional) process of comprehension, or the assimilation of knowledge, which is subjective by its nature.

A) understanding

B) perception

C) ethos

D) singularity



http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/understanding



A rhetorical appeal to an audience based on the speaker/writer's credibility.

A) perception

B) ethos

C) classification

D) comparison

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWikipedia. "ethos." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ethos


A rhetorical appeal to an audience based on the speaker/writer's credibility.

A) perception

B) ethos

C) classification

D) comparison



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ethos



An ancient Greek philosopher (382–322 BC), student of Plato, and teacher of Alexander the Great.

A) awareness

B) Aristotle

C) classification

D) singularity

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "Aristotle." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Aristotle


An ancient Greek philosopher (382–322 BC), student of Plato, and teacher of Alexander the Great.

A) awareness

B) Aristotle

C) classification

D) singularity



http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Aristotle



When you have built a rapport with your audience so that they leave with an impression of you as good as or better than when you began your speech, that is an example of good

A) derived credibility.

B) terminal credibility.

C) initial credibility.

D) ethos credibility.



Which of the following is an example of how you can derive credibility during your speech?


B) Use strong supporting evidence and explain it to the audience.

C) Establish common ground with the audience.

D) Speak confidently and assertively, while demonstrating a genuine concern for the audience.



The objective and subjective components of the believability of a source or message.

A) anecdote

B) credibility

C) topic

D) introduction

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWikipedia. "credibility." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/credibility



A) anecdote

B) credibility

C) topic

D) introduction







A) search engine

B) keyword

C) credibility

D) database




A) understanding

B) credibility

C) memory

D) mnemonic



Which of the following describes the storage stage in the formation and retrieval of memory?

A) Allows information that is from the outside world to reach our senses in the form of stimuli.

B) Calls back the stored information in response to some cue for use in a process or activity.

C) Creates a permanent record of the encoded information.

D) Refers to the process by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved.



Anything (especially something in verbal form) used to help remember something.

A) classification

B) ethos

C) mnemonic

D) Aristotle

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "mnemonic." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mnemonic


Anything (especially something in verbal form) used to help remember something.

A) classification

B) ethos

C) mnemonic

D) Aristotle



http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mnemonic




A) perception

B) comparison

C) memory

D) Aristotle




A) memory

B) Hearing

C) Receiving stage

D) Responding stage



A proposed point in the technological future at which artificial intelligences become capable of augmenting and improving themselves, leading to an explosive growth in intelligence.

A) understanding

B) classification

C) singularity

D) feedback

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "singularity." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/singularity


A proposed point in the technological future at which artificial intelligences become capable of augmenting and improving themselves, leading to an explosive growth in intelligence.

A) understanding

B) classification

C) singularity

D) feedback



http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/singularity



What is the ordering principle for supporting memory?

A) Mentally associate ideas with specific physical locations.

B) Break up long series into manageable sets, grouping similar items together.

C) Create an organizational scheme, then position ideas using the scheme for the listeners.

D) Create a short poem or list of words to help with memorization.



Which of the following best describes a collectivist culture?

A) A culture that views the self as most important.

B) A culture that places the needs and interest of the group above individual desires or motivations.

C) A culture that views loss of face as a failure to measure up to what is expected by others.

D) A culture that is concerned with maintaining their own face and not focused on that of others.



philosophic, political, religious, economic, or social outlook that stresses the priority of group goals over individual goals and the importance of cohesion within social groups

A) constructive

B) collectivism

C) clarity

D) understanding

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWikipedia. "collectivism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/collectivism


philosophic, political, religious, economic, or social outlook that stresses the priority of group goals over individual goals and the importance of cohesion within social groups

A) constructive

B) collectivism

C) clarity

D) understanding



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/collectivism



The beliefs, values, behavior and material objects that constitute a people's way of life; the arts, customs, and habits that characterize a particular society or nation.

A) demographic

B) message

C) culture

D) noise

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "culture." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/culture


The beliefs, values, behavior and material objects that constitute a people's way of life; the arts, customs, and habits that characterize a particular society or nation.

A) demographic

B) message

C) culture

D) noise



http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/culture



a sense of self-worth or self-esteem, especially in the eyes of others

A) constructive

B) clarity

C) Face

D) mnemonic

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWikipedia. "Face." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face


a sense of self-worth or self-esteem, especially in the eyes of others

A) constructive

B) clarity

C) Face

D) mnemonic



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face



Which of the following best describes high context culture?

A) A culture where the people are more likely to use indirect speech and hints to convey meaning.

B) A culture where there is an expectation that people will say what is on their mind directly.

C) A style of speaking that is sender-oriented and the burden is on the speaker to be understood.

D) A style of speaking in which the listener must pay attention to clues to understand the message.



Which of the following best describes the goal of constructive criticism?

A) To change a person's actions by talking to them compassionately in order to get what you want.

B) To improve the behavior or behavioral results of a person without using personal attacks.

C) To explain your feelings to another person by giving them examples of their failures.

D) To give criticism that is subjective, general, and motivated by personal goals.



Carefully considered and meant to be helpful.

A) collectivism

B) constructive

C) culture

D) Face

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "constructive." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/constructive


Carefully considered and meant to be helpful.

A) collectivism

B) constructive

C) culture

D) Face



http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/constructive



The state, or measure of being clear, either in appearance, thought or style; lucidity.

A) constructive

B) clarity

C) collectivism

D) Face

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comWiktionary. "clarity." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/clarity


The state, or measure of being clear, either in appearance, thought or style; lucidity.

A) constructive

B) clarity

C) collectivism

D) Face



http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/clarity



An example of a method to gracefully receive criticism is

A) assume that you and your work is perfect.

B) be open-minded that others may see something you do not.

C) accept hostile language and personal attacks.


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http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Development_Cooperation_Handbook/Designing_and_Executing_Projects/Communication_Management/Listening_and_Feedback/Guidelines_for_Providing_Feedback


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism%23A_good_criticism


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism%23Giving_and_getting_the_message


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism%23Techniques_of_constructive_criticism


http://www.wikihow.com/Accept-Criticism-While-at-Work