learning to learn

learning.ppt (bus1301)

LEARNING TO LEARNLEARNING TO LEARN

Prior KnowledgePrior Knowledge

Intellectual CapitalIntellectual Capital

Managing Intellectual AssetsManaging Intellectual Assets

Morality of TeachingMorality of Teaching


PRIOR KNOWLEDGEPRIOR KNOWLEDGE(Article by Svinicki)(Article by Svinicki)

Word Association -Word Association - “Cardinal”“Cardinal”

Jargon - no prior experience with wordsJargon - no prior experience with words

Student goal - incorporate new Student goal - incorporate new information into existing memoryinformation into existing memory


INTELLECTUAL CAPITALINTELLECTUAL CAPITAL(Article by Stewart)(Article by Stewart)

Intangible assets of skills, Intangible assets of skills, knowledge, and information.knowledge, and information.

How do you operate and evaluate a How do you operate and evaluate a business when knowledge is its business when knowledge is its

chief resource and capital?chief resource and capital?

Intellectual assets are valuable.Intellectual assets are valuable.


MANAGING INTELLECTUAL ASSETSMANAGING INTELLECTUAL ASSETS(Article by Stewart)(Article by Stewart)

1. Define the role of knowledge in a business1. Define the role of knowledge in a business2. Assess competitors’ strategies and 2. Assess competitors’ strategies and

knowledge assets.knowledge assets.3. Classify your portfolio - what do you 3. Classify your portfolio - what do you

have?have?4. Evaluate - what is it worth?4. Evaluate - what is it worth?5. Identify gaps.5. Identify gaps.6. Assemble knowledge portfolio.6. Assemble knowledge portfolio.7. Repeat Steps 1-6 ........7. Repeat Steps 1-6 ........


LEARNING TO LEARNLEARNING TO LEARN(Article by Boehrer)(Article by Boehrer)

? Is teaching more than Is teaching more than the conveying the conveying knowledge?knowledge?

? Can teachers teach Can teachers teach anybody anything?anybody anything?

? What is the difference What is the difference between between knowledgeknowledge and and knowingknowing??

RecommendationsRecommendations

Learning is not Learning is not passive.passive.

Learn what the Learn what the problems are.problems are.

Recognize that Recognize that learning is learning is your your problem problem (opportunity).(opportunity).


LEARNING TO LEARNLEARNING TO LEARN? How can you calculate the return on your How can you calculate the return on your

education investment?education investment?? What will you be doing five years after you What will you be doing five years after you

graduate from Baylor?graduate from Baylor?

RECOMMENDATIONS:RECOMMENDATIONS: Learn to learn and learn to like it. Study whatever subject you like, but recognize

that you can broaden your skill base considerable by choosing elective courses wisely.

Develop life skills that will enable you to provide value to a variety of organizations.


LEARNING TO LEARNLEARNING TO LEARN(Article by Smith)(Article by Smith)

? Is it okay to make Is it okay to make mistakes?mistakes?

? Is competence really Is competence really being able to solve being able to solve problems w/o problems w/o hesitation?hesitation?

? What reactions do you What reactions do you expect if you tell a expect if you tell a professor (a friend) that professor (a friend) that you do not understand you do not understand something?something?

Recommendations:Recommendations: Learn to ask questions. Learn to ask questions.

If you have a question, If you have a question, you can be certain that you can be certain that many others have the many others have the same question.same question.

True competence does True competence does not mean mistake free. not mean mistake free. It means well thought It means well thought out judgment and out judgment and decisions based on decisions based on available information available information and experienceand experience..


THINKING

CRITICAL THINKINGCRITICAL THINKING

THE DEATH OF MANAGEMENTTHE DEATH OF MANAGEMENT

CHALLENGE DESTRUCTIVE THINKINGCHALLENGE DESTRUCTIVE THINKING


CHALLENGE DESTRUCTIVE CHALLENGE DESTRUCTIVE THINKINGTHINKING

(Forms of Dysfunctional Thinking)(Forms of Dysfunctional Thinking)

All or nothing All or nothing thinkingthinking

Over-Over-generalizationgeneralization

Mental FilterMental Filter Disqualifying the Disqualifying the

positivepositive Jumping to Jumping to

conclusionsconclusions

Magnifying and Magnifying and minimizingminimizing

Emotional Emotional ReasoningReasoning

Should StatementsShould Statements Labeling and Labeling and

MislabelingMislabeling PersonalizationPersonalization


CRITICAL THINKING CRITICAL THINKING SKILLSSKILLS

Critical ThinkingCritical Thinking Identification of principles and rules which can be Identification of principles and rules which can be

generalizedgeneralized Existence of a framework for analyzing and making Existence of a framework for analyzing and making

global sense of incoming informationglobal sense of incoming information School TeachersSchool Teachers

passivenesspassiveness success comes from conformity, not innovativenesssuccess comes from conformity, not innovativeness inability to see abstractionsinability to see abstractions intellectually limited attitudesintellectually limited attitudes


CRITICAL THINKING CRITICAL THINKING SKILLSSKILLS

Critical Thinking ModelCritical Thinking Model Recognize / Desire problemRecognize / Desire problem Gather informationGather information Form tentative conclusionsForm tentative conclusions Test conclusionsTest conclusions Evaluate and make Evaluate and make

decisionsdecisions


THE DEATH OF MANAGEMENTTHE DEATH OF MANAGEMENT

“The idea that a good executive could think through any problem is an absurdity.”

Assumptions:Assumptions: A good manager should be able to manage any A good manager should be able to manage any

enterprise, anywhere and anytime.enterprise, anywhere and anytime. The best management is based on true science, The best management is based on true science,

resting upon clearly defined laws.resting upon clearly defined laws. All problems can be solved by quantitative All problems can be solved by quantitative

analysis.analysis. Questions:Questions:

Should business schools focus on general Should business schools focus on general management?management?

Can business schools take inexperienced people Can business schools take inexperienced people and educate them as “managers?”and educate them as “managers?”


CRITICAL THINKINGCRITICAL THINKING(Article by Kurfiss)(Article by Kurfiss)

Questions:Questions: Must acquisition of knowledge precede Must acquisition of knowledge precede

critical thinking?critical thinking? Are students capable of thinking before Are students capable of thinking before

they “know a lot?”they “know a lot?” Why are questions from students rarely Why are questions from students rarely

heard in the classroom?heard in the classroom?


CRITICAL THINKINGCRITICAL THINKING(Article by Kurfiss)(Article by Kurfiss)

RECOMMENDATIONS:RECOMMENDATIONS: Learn to ask questions. Seek classes or sections of classes that have

....writing assignmentspresentation requirementscase analysesgroup workopen discussion opportunities instructors who encourage questions


CCrreeaattiivviittyyCCrreeaattiivviittyy


CREATIVITYCREATIVITYAcme WidgetsAcme WidgetsCREATIVITYCREATIVITY

Acme WidgetsAcme Widgets SCENARIO:SCENARIO:

You are the CEO of a $6 billion dollar You are the CEO of a $6 billion dollar widget manufacturing corporation. You widget manufacturing corporation. You are walking outside and you see a are walking outside and you see a groundskeeper raking leaves. You groundskeeper raking leaves. You notice the rake has only five teeth. It notice the rake has only five teeth. It used to have thirty-one.used to have thirty-one.


CREATIVITYCREATIVITYAcme WidgetsAcme WidgetsCREATIVITYCREATIVITY

Acme WidgetsAcme Widgets CONVERSATION:CONVERSATION:You ask: “What are you doing?”You ask: “What are you doing?”

The reply: “Raking leaves.”The reply: “Raking leaves.”

You ask: “Why are you using that rake? You ask: “Why are you using that rake? You’re not picking up many leaves.”You’re not picking up many leaves.”

The reply: “Because that’s what they gave The reply: “Because that’s what they gave me to use.”me to use.”

You ask: “Why didn’t you get a better You ask: “Why didn’t you get a better rake?”rake?”

The reply: “That’s not my job!”The reply: “That’s not my job!”


CREATIVITYCREATIVITYAcme WidgetsAcme WidgetsCREATIVITYCREATIVITYAcme WidgetsAcme Widgets

What’s wrong here?What’s wrong here?

Who is responsible?Who is responsible?


CREATIVITYCREATIVITY(Article by McCormick)(Article by McCormick)


““I’m convinced that such I’m convinced that such musings are the key to musings are the key to

business and social vitality.”business and social vitality.”




““Creativity comes when we allow our Creativity comes when we allow our minds to wander freely.”minds to wander freely.”

What impact does technology have on our What impact does technology have on our creativity?creativity?

How hard should organizations strive to How hard should organizations strive to make the work environment conductive to make the work environment conductive to creativity?creativity?

RECOMMENDATIONS:RECOMMENDATIONS: Time spent lost in thought is not wasted.Time spent lost in thought is not wasted. Be wary of technology as it cannot think for Be wary of technology as it cannot think for

you.you.


Imagine new productsImagine new products Imagine new methodsImagine new methods Develop new ways of doing Develop new ways of doing

thingsthings Build unusual alliancesBuild unusual alliances


Everyone is smarter, fasterEveryone is smarter, faster Everyone is creative...Everyone is creative...only if you want only if you want

to beto be

Only if you want to be


TRAITS OF CREATIVE PEOPLETRAITS OF CREATIVE PEOPLE Powers of observationPowers of observation Curiosity: want to learnCuriosity: want to learn Ability to identify issues others missedAbility to identify issues others missed Talent for generating large numbers of ideasTalent for generating large numbers of ideas Persistent questioning of the normPersistent questioning of the norm Ability to see established structure in new Ability to see established structure in new

waysways Perseverance through abjectionPerseverance through abjection


Think BigThink Big

Seek out diverse friendsSeek out diverse friends Build tolerance for bad ideasBuild tolerance for bad ideas Discipline your creative urgesDiscipline your creative urges

Creativity is not a sometimes thingCreativity is not a sometimes thing


Intelligent computers are inevitableIntelligent computers are inevitable Will Silicon life transform civilization?Will Silicon life transform civilization?

Will machines subjugate humans?Will machines subjugate humans? Will machines behave like people?Will machines behave like people?

Speed/complexity of computers doubles Speed/complexity of computers doubles every 18 monthsevery 18 months

It won’t take long to duplicate the brainIt won’t take long to duplicate the brain


Start-up imitation winnowingStart-up imitation winnowing

Is the Internet different?Is the Internet different? Network effect; a few large players Network effect; a few large players

dominatedominate Small stores cater to neighborhoodsSmall stores cater to neighborhoods


Why the Internet explosion?Why the Internet explosion? Low barriers to entryLow barriers to entry

register a .com nameregister a .com name design Web pagesdesign Web pages

Much capital available for Internet venturesMuch capital available for Internet ventures imitation is easyimitation is easy


Marketing the siteMarketing the site If you are first; market itIf you are first; market it If you are second; “new and improved”If you are second; “new and improved”

you can learn a lot by watchingyou can learn a lot by watching


No one ever becomes rich by saving money (talents).No one ever becomes rich by saving money (talents). Sometimes successful business must cannibalize Sometimes successful business must cannibalize

themselves to save themselves.themselves to save themselves. Two routes other than radical technological change Two routes other than radical technological change

can lead to high growth.can lead to high growth. High rate of return opportunitiesHigh rate of return opportunities sociological/development disequilibriumssociological/development disequilibriums

Making capitalism work in a deflationary environment Making capitalism work in a deflationary environment is much harder than making it work in an inflationary is much harder than making it work in an inflationary environment.environment.


There are no institutional substitutes for individual There are no institutional substitutes for individual entrepreneurial change agentsentrepreneurial change agents

Not society that values order above all else will be Not society that values order above all else will be creative; but without some degree of order, creativity creative; but without some degree of order, creativity disappears.disappears.

A successful knowledge - based economy requires A successful knowledge - based economy requires large public investments in education, infrastructure large public investments in education, infrastructure and research and development.and research and development.

The biggest unknown for the individual in a The biggest unknown for the individual in a knowledge - based economy is how to have a career knowledge - based economy is how to have a career in a system where there are no careers.in a system where there are no careers.


B-SCHOOL REPORT CARDB-SCHOOL REPORT CARD

B-schools were (are?) B-schools were (are?) behind the times.behind the times. No major curriculum No major curriculum

changes for 20-25 yrs.changes for 20-25 yrs.

Tomorrow’s B-schoolTomorrow’s B-school Technology basedTechnology based Customer drivenCustomer driven Cross-functionalCross-functional

Tomorrow’s B-Tomorrow’s B-schoolschool LeadershipLeadership InnovationInnovation CommunicationCommunication EntrepreneurshipEntrepreneurship Global ManagementGlobal Management Multi-functionMulti-function

ThinkingThinking


The Dumbing Down of Higher The Dumbing Down of Higher EducationEducation


More and more courses devoid intellectual More and more courses devoid intellectual contentcontent

Dismantling of rigorous requirementsDismantling of rigorous requirements drop off in natural sciencesdrop off in natural sciences drop off in mathdrop off in math average length of school year reducedaverage length of school year reduced

Professors trade off research for teachingProfessors trade off research for teaching




Perceived vs. real value of courses; Perceived vs. real value of courses; content vs. fluff?content vs. fluff?

Academic fads - do they help you compete?Academic fads - do they help you compete?

The value of teaching/learning The value of teaching/learning methodologiesmethodologies




Timeless fundamentalsTimeless fundamentals High academic achievementHigh academic achievement Faculty dedicated to teachingFaculty dedicated to teaching Resistance to “silly courses”Resistance to “silly courses”


Making Your Degree More Making Your Degree More ValuableValuable

Making Your Degree More Making Your Degree More ValuableValuable

Make sure you’re on the right flight get involved in extracurricular

activities Find time for outside projects Build your rolodex Choose internships wisely Get out of the Box


WHY BUSINESS MAJORS?WHY BUSINESS MAJORS?

When you major in “X,” why do you have to take When you major in “X,” why do you have to take courses in “Y?”courses in “Y?”(Recognize that employers have short- and long-term (Recognize that employers have short- and long-term expectations.)expectations.)

Courses outside your major help you learn to Courses outside your major help you learn to think and communicate.think and communicate.

Recognize that professionals require a broad Recognize that professionals require a broad based professional knowledge and an ethical based professional knowledge and an ethical sense in dealing with others.sense in dealing with others.

Be creative. Make the education you receive at Be creative. Make the education you receive at Baylor pay off for you in many waysBaylor pay off for you in many ways..


KEY QUESTIONSKEY QUESTIONS ...... ......

Why is a broad based education important? Where can you get a broad based education? What should be the objective of getting a

college education? When does learning take place while you are

attending college? Who can you learn from? How can you learn?


SPECIALIZATION ???SPECIALIZATION ???

Why should you become a specialist?Why should you become a specialist? Why do you think total commitment to a Why do you think total commitment to a

job is questioned?job is questioned? Can a generalist be competitive?Can a generalist be competitive?

Remember that you are a business major. Remember that you are a business major. Thinking like a business major will allow Thinking like a business major will allow you to become a specialist and a you to become a specialist and a generalistgeneralist..


Problem-Base Learning:Problem-Base Learning:Preparing Students For The 21st CenturyPreparing Students For The 21st Century

(Duch, et.al)(Duch, et.al)

Problem-Based LearningProblem-Based Learning organize ideasorganize ideas organize previous knowledgeorganize previous knowledge define problemdefine problem specify learning issuesspecify learning issues categorize what you know(don’t know)categorize what you know(don’t know) rank importance of issuesrank importance of issues assign responsibilities/accountabilitiesassign responsibilities/accountabilities integrate new knowledgeintegrate new knowledge


ACTIVE LEARNING BEYOND ACTIVE LEARNING BEYOND THE CLASSROOMTHE CLASSROOM

How students spend their time… ClassClass 15 hours (or less)15 hours (or less) WorkWork 21 hours (or more - 30%)21 hours (or more - 30%) TVTV 7 hours (33%)7 hours (33%) Leisure ReadingLeisure Reading 3-10 hours (38%)3-10 hours (38%) Organized student activity Organized student activity

3-10 hours (47%)3-10 hours (47%) Informal conversation with other studentsInformal conversation with other students

10 hours (31%)10 hours (31%)


ACTIVE LEARNING BEYOND ACTIVE LEARNING BEYOND THE CLASSROOMTHE CLASSROOM

Active Learning Strategies:

Study groups

Journals and diaries

Experiential learning

Student research


THE END OF THE JOBTHE END OF THE JOB

The job as we know it is disappearing.

The job is an artificial entity superimposed on work needed to be done.

The job creates patches of responsibility.

Together, but not as a team, work gets accomplished.


THE END OF THE JOBTHE END OF THE JOB

What Post-Job Organizations do ..…What Post-Job Organizations do ..…

hire the right people - those who hire the right people - those who

work well without job descriptionswork well without job descriptions

have a flexible organizationhave a flexible organization

use project teamsuse project teams


““Jobs: Skills Before Jobs: Skills Before Credential”Credential”

““Jobs: Skills Before Jobs: Skills Before Credential”Credential”

THE EVIDENCETHE EVIDENCE - strong, long-term - strong, long-term growth in demand for people with growth in demand for people with problem solving skills.problem solving skills.

Problem solving skills will occur at Problem solving skills will occur at all levels of an organization.all levels of an organization.


A Short Course in Human A Short Course in Human RelationsRelations


The six most important words:The six most important words:“I ADMIT I MADE A MISTAKE.”“I ADMIT I MADE A MISTAKE.”

The five most important words:The five most important words:“YOU DID A GOOD JOB.”“YOU DID A GOOD JOB.”

The four most important words:The four most important words:“WHAT IS YOUR OPINION?”“WHAT IS YOUR OPINION?”

The three most important words:The three most important words:“IF YOU PLEASE.“IF YOU PLEASE.




The two most important words:The two most important words:“THANK YOU.”“THANK YOU.”

The one most important word:The one most important word:“WE”“WE”

The least important word:The least important word:“I”“I”


Why Do Customers Leave?Why Do Customers Leave?Why Do Customers Leave?Why Do Customers Leave?

1% die1% die 3% relocate3% relocate

5% buy from friends5% buy from friends 9% prefer competition9% prefer competition

14% judge all similar business based on 14% judge all similar business based on one bad encounterone bad encounter

68% indifference, rudeness, or lack of 68% indifference, rudeness, or lack of service from employeesservice from employees


Generation YGeneration Y(Newborne)(Newborne)

Lexus LS400Lexus LS400 Major League BaseballMajor League Baseball GAPGAP ERER Superbowl AdsSuperbowl Ads Harrison FordHarrison Ford Estee LauderEstee Lauder L.L. BeanL.L. Bean

Jeep WranglerJeep Wrangler Skateboard Triple CrownSkateboard Triple Crown Delia’sDelia’s Dawson’s CreekDawson’s Creek Lilith Fair SponsorshipLilith Fair Sponsorship Leonardo DicaprioLeonardo Dicaprio Hard CandyHard Candy The North FaceThe North Face

Boomers Generation YGeneration Y


cont’d Generation Ycont’d Generation Y(Newborne)(Newborne)

Palm PilotPalm Pilot Nick at NiteNick at Nite Political ActivismPolitical Activism The BeatlesThe Beatles CokeCoke David LettermanDavid Letterman NikesNikes

Motorola Flex Motorola Flex PagersPagers

WB NetworkWB Network VolunteerismVolunteerism Spice GirlsSpice Girls Mountain DewMountain Dew Jenny McCarthyJenny McCarthy VansVans

Boomers Generation YGeneration Y



How do firms cope with shifts in How do firms cope with shifts in marketplace preferences?marketplace preferences? Shift in valuesShift in values High brand consciousnessHigh brand consciousness Respond to ads differentlyRespond to ads differently View adds in different placesView adds in different places



CynicalCynical Purchase InvolvementPurchase Involvement DebtDebt PragmaticPragmatic BalanceBalance


The Work Ethic RedefinedThe Work Ethic Redefined(Postrel)(Postrel)

We live in a “Knowledge Economy”We live in a “Knowledge Economy” Jobs HaveJobs Have

Educational RequirementsEducational Requirements Specific SkillsSpecific Skills Employee DiscretionEmployee Discretion Response to the UnpredictableResponse to the Unpredictable



The Quintessential EmployeeThe Quintessential Employee Decision MakerDecision Maker Use of Good JudgementUse of Good Judgement IntelligenceIntelligence CharmCharm Independent ThinkingIndependent Thinking Self-ExpressionSelf-Expression



The Knowledge Economy…The Knowledge Economy… upsets the old career orderupsets the old career order rewards a different sort of personrewards a different sort of person redistributes human capitalredistributes human capital discomfits those who view work ethic as discomfits those who view work ethic as

only diligence, stoicism, patience, only diligence, stoicism, patience, conformity.conformity.


WHY Life Skills?WHY Life Skills?WHY Life Skills?WHY Life Skills? Your education should.....Your education should.....

Free you from ignorance and Free you from ignorance and prejudiceprejudice

Help you learn to thinkHelp you learn to think Inspire you to seek knowledge... Inspire you to seek knowledge...

continuouslycontinuously Stimulate a life-long curiosity to learnStimulate a life-long curiosity to learn

Your education should NOT narrow your Your education should NOT narrow your

focus.focus.


WHY Life Skills?WHY Life Skills? WHY Life Skills?WHY Life Skills?

Work with othersWork with others Learn from othersLearn from others Ask questionsAsk questions Be open to other points of viewBe open to other points of view Learn to defend your point of viewLearn to defend your point of view Don’t automatically accept fact unless Don’t automatically accept fact unless

you know it to be trueyou know it to be true Challenge assumptionsChallenge assumptions

learning to learn

Education

critical thinking article

creativity article

prior knowledge article

knowledge assets

intellectual assets

intellectual capital

knowledge portfolio

recommendations learning