learning, teaching and leading course june 14 1. the reason you came (ok you had to.) this planned 2...

Learning, Teaching and Leading Course

Apr 10, 2023

Apr 10, 2023 1

The reason you came (OK you had to.)

• This planned 2 hour course will provide you with a better understanding of what it takes to learn and what it takes to train/teach others. It is anticipated that the knowledge gained in this course will help you to study better, to prepare and make presentations, lectures, demonstrations, and other forms of learning.

Apr 10, 2023 2

Syllabus - Part I

1. Introduction to learning (50 Min)a) Why do all senses matter?b) Group exercise (15 Min)c) Model of Learning

2. Introduction to teaching (40 Min) a) Group exercise – Fruit Salad (15 Min) (Skipped)b) Group exercise - Red Green Show (10 Min) c) How can you teach with each sense (Sight, hearing,

smell, taste, and touch)?

Apr 10, 2023 3

Syllabus - Part II

4. Leading and Teaching (40 Min)a) Cutting interferenceb) Using style!c) Gettysburg Address (5 Min)d) Presentation tools

5. Using your knowledge to learn (20 Min)

Apr 10, 2023 4

Syllabus - Part I




Apr 10, 2023 5

Introduction to learning 1

• “Collaborative studies of the design and evaluation of learning environments, among cognitive and developmental psychologists and educators, are yielding new knowledge about the nature of learning and teaching as it takes place in a variety of settings. In addition, researchers are discovering ways to learn from the ''wisdom of practice" that comes from successful teachers who can share their expertise.”*

Apr 10, 2023 6* How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School (National Academy of Sciences,1999)

Introduction to learning 2

• “Research on learning and transfer has uncovered important principles for structuring learning experiences that enable people to use what they have learned in new settings.”*

Apr 10, 2023 7* How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School (National Academy of Sciences,1999)

Introduction to learning

Yuck!Yuck!I’d rather eat rocks and read the phone book then read that!

SO – What does it mean to learn in real words?

(Lets restart this discussion!)

Apr 10, 2023 8

Introduction to learning (in real words!)

• We are only now beginning to understand ‘learning’

• It is not just a bunch of chemical reactions

• ‘Learning’ is adapting your thoughts to match what you observe.

– Let’s examine this statement

Apr 10, 2023 9



• Does this mean your past affects your learning? (YES)– Learning is affected by cultural norms

(Your grandmother is more important to you then just her cookies)

– Everyone - even babies - have ideas that affect learning– Everyone will learn in slightly different ways

Apr 10, 2023 10



• If you don’t ‘experience’ something can you learn from it? (NO)– Good teachers realize this – They have ‘tricks’ to get students to observe new items.

(Yes your teachers really do care!)

Apr 10, 2023 11



• This bring us to an important question - Can you use this knowledge to help teach?

(Of course the answer is YES)

Apr 10, 2023 12

Some other questions

• What does a rock taste like?

• What does a stick taste like?

• Why do you know the answers to these questions?

• Why is this guy asking such strange questions?(The answer is coming!)

Apr 10, 2023 13

Group exercise #1

• The ‘Tell Me’ Game

– Break up into three groups

– Each group will go to a different room and work on the exercise

– Come back in 15 minutes

Apr 10, 2023 14


So what have we just learned?• The more involved you are in the activity of

learning - the better you learn.

This is exemplified by the Confucian saying Tell me and I forgetShow me and I rememberLet me and I understand

Apr 10, 2023 15


So what have we just learned?• The more involved you are in the activity of

learning - the better you learn.

In effect you have: more observations‘Learning’ is adapting your thoughts to match what you observe.

Apr 10, 2023 16


So now back to the rock and the stick.

As babies we learned by using all of our senses.

We touched, tasted, looked at, listened to and smelled everything - including rocks and sticks.

All of these are efforts to OBSERVE an item

(Yes, you tasted rocks and sticks!)

Apr 10, 2023 17


This leads us to a second Chinese saying about learning “Learning is from thin to thick to thin.”

What does this mean?

Apr 10, 2023 18

Learning by young adults

“Learning is from thin to thick to thin.”

At first, you know VERY FEW DETAILS (THIN)

Later, you know LOTS OF DETAILS (THICK)

Finally, you see SIMPLE PATTERNS or GENERALIZATIONS (THIN)

This concept can be carried further…. To a model by David Kolb

Apr 10, 2023 19

Learning by adults

Apr 10, 2023 20

Experience

Model of David Kolb

Learning starts when you experience something new(Thin Knowledge)

The richer the experience (more information) ⇒ The better the ‘learning’

Learning by adults

Apr 10, 2023 21

Experience

Process

Model of David Kolb

The new information is combined with all of your previous knowledge(Thin => Thick) This is ‘processing’ the information

Learning by adults

Apr 10, 2023 22

Experience

Process

Generalize

Model of David Kolb

Once you have enough informationYou can generalize the knowledge(Thick => Thin)

Learning by adults

Apr 10, 2023 23

Experience

Process

Generalize

Apply

Model of David Kolb

Finally you apply this to everyday life

Learning by adults

Apr 10, 2023 24

Experience

Process

Generalize

Apply

Model of David Kolb

We will examine thismore later today

Syllabus - Part I




Apr 10, 2023 25

Teaching (LEADING!) adults

Apr 10, 2023 26

Experience

Process

Generalize

Apply

Use learning model to develop teaching techniques

Each step important

Start with experience and go around the circle

Introduction to teaching

• What is Experience?

• How do you get ‘an experience’?

• How do you make a ‘rich experience’?

• What gets in the way of a ‘rich experience’?

Apr 10, 2023 27

Experience


• You are born with this ability

• How do babies learn?– They use all of their senses

• Touch • Taste• Scent• Sound• Sight

Apr 10, 2023 28

Experience

Group exercise #2 & #3

• #2 - Fruit Salad (Skipped)– Small groups– Each person should taste at least once

• #3 - The Red Green Show– One group

Apr 10, 2023 29

Experience

Group exercise #2 & #3

• Our exercises showed

• Senses matter!

Apr 10, 2023 30

Experience


• How can you teach with touch?– Teach someone how to sail a boat

1) Names of parts of the boat2) Show them the parts of the boat3) Let them touch the lines/tiller/etc4) Show them how they work5) Let them sail the boat

– Examples from class

Apr 10, 2023 31

Experience


• How can you teach with taste?– Teach someone how to bake a cake

1)Names of baking utensils2)Show them the how the oven works3)Show them (and maybe let them taste) the ingredients4)Show them how how to mix the ingredients5)Let them taste the mixture6)Bake the cake7)Let them taste the cake


Apr 10, 2023 32

Experience


• How can you teach with scent?– Teach someone how to buy fresh fish

1)Names of common fish2)Show them the fish3)Let them smell fresh fish (no smell)4)Let them smell old fish (fishy smell)


Apr 10, 2023 33

Experience


• How can you teach with sound?– Teach someone how to play a guitar

1) Show them guitars2) Names of the parts of guitars3) Let them listen to you play4) Show them how to play5) Let them listen to their playing


Apr 10, 2023 34

Experience


• How can you teach with sight?– Teach someone how to tie a knot

1) Name of the knot2) Tell them where the knot is used3) Show them how to tie it4) Let them tie the knot


Apr 10, 2023 35

Experience


• Did you notice something?

• Each example used multiple senses

Apr 10, 2023 36

Experience


• As a teacher (LEADER!), you must provide experiences for your students– Is this the end of your job? (NO!)

You need to help your students PROCESS the information that you gave them.

FAILURE HERE IS PROBABLY THE BIGGEST REASON WHY STUDENTS DO NOT LEARN

Apr 10, 2023 37

Process


• What does it mean to “PROCESS INFORMATION”?

• Dictionary definition Process:

A series of actions, changes, or functions bringing about a result

Information: Knowledge derived from study, experience, or instruction

Make information useful

Apr 10, 2023 38

Process


• For information to be useful– We must have a way to retrieve it

• Think of a library – Books placed randomly

Does not work

– Books placed in order Works

Apr 10, 2023 39

Process


• Each person has their own way of ordering knowledge.

• The best learners have a systematic method

Meta-cognition

Apr 10, 2023 40

Process


• Meta cognition is – “Learning to learn” - “Thinking to think”

Active control over the learning process

• This “active control” includes– Monitoring of progress– Active learning strategies

Apr 10, 2023 41

Process

Introduction to teaching• Monitoring of progress

– Identify the task – Check the progress – Evaluate that progress – Predict the outcome

Apr 10, 2023 42

Process

Introduction to teaching• Typical active learning strategies

– Allocate needed resources to learning– Determine order of steps to learn – Set intensity/speed needed to learn

• Specific active learning strategies depend on the subject

Apr 10, 2023 43

Process

Introduction to teaching• “Expert teachers know the structure of their

disciplines, and this knowledge provides them with cognitive roadmaps that guide the assignments they give students”*

As a teacher/leader you must understand your subject

(What, where, when, why, how & impact)

Apr 10, 2023 44

Process

*How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School: Expanded Edition (National Academies Press, 2000)

Teaching History• ‘History’ = abundance of data

History often taught as:• Memorize event dates & locations

» (What, Where & When)

• This ignores:– Why?– How?– Impact/implications for today (generalization)

Apr 10, 2023 45

Process

Teaching History• One needs to ask questions such as:

– “What is history?”*– “How do we know the past?”*– What does it mean to ‘write history’

• From this one learns:How evidence influences ‘history’How/why past and present events are linked Implications (generalizations)

Apr 10, 2023 46

Process

*How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School: Expanded Edition (National Academies Press, 2000)

Teaching Mathematics

• ‘Math’ = over abundance of formulaOften taught as:

• Memorize formula (What and When)Math is taught as ‘pure science

• This ignores:– Where, how and why?

(Math is a physical science!)

– Impact on other physical sciences (generalization)

Apr 10, 2023 47

Process

Teaching Mathematics• One needs to ask questions such as:

– What are physical examples of the math?– Negative numbers <=> floors below ground– Positive numbers <=> floors above ground– Multiplication a fast way to add

» 4 tents, 6 stakes/tent => 24 tent stakes

• From this one learns:How math and other sciences are linked

Implications (generalizations)

Apr 10, 2023 48

Process

Teaching Science• ‘Science’ = abundance of processes

Often taught as:• Memorize processes (What and how)

• This ignores:– Why? – Real life examples (Where and when)– Impact on your life (generalization)

Apr 10, 2023 49

Process

Teaching Science• One needs to ask questions such as:

– Can you describe this is real life?– Why is this important?

• From this one learns: Gets physical picture Implications (generalizations)

Apr 10, 2023 50

Process


• In each example– Need to ask

• Who• What • Where• When• Why• Impact

• BUT the questions are different for each

Apr 10, 2023 51

Process

Introduction to teaching• And what have we just done?

• Generalized the teaching process

Apr 10, 2023 52

Process


• Generalization– See patterns in knowledge– Allows one to learn faster– Allows one to remember better

• Requires ability to see patterns

Apr 10, 2023 53

Generalize


• Generalization– See patterns in knowledge– Allows one to learn faster– Allows one to remember better

• The problems– Not all subjects have the same issues/patterns– Not all people see the same patterns

Apr 10, 2023 54

Generalize


• Generalization problems

– The leader/teacher will have to:• Understand the subject• See patterns in the subject• Know how to lead students to see patterns

– Ask the correct questions– Employ the correct senses– Use the correct examples– Show how the patterns can be applied

Apr 10, 2023 55

Generalize

Introduction to teaching• And what have we just done?

• We have tied application to learning– Application can be:

• Homework• Projects• Hands-on experiences

Apr 10, 2023 56

Apply


• Applications in classrooms– History

‘Create’ a society

– Science Carry out an experiment

– Mathematics Use physical examples of math

Apr 10, 2023 57

Apply


• What have just seen are:– Examples– Only a small fraction of what might work

• DO NOT JUST COPY– You have to understand the students needs

Apr 10, 2023 58

Apply

Teaching adults - Recap

Apr 10, 2023 59

Experience

Process

Generalize

Apply

Used learning model to examine teaching techniques

Each step important

Started with experience and went around the circle

Syllabus - Part II



Apr 10, 2023 60

Leading and teaching

Apr 10, 2023 61

Experience

Process

Generalize

Apply

Use this to lead & teach

Remember Each step important


• People experience by senses

• Remember how babies learn?– They use all of their senses

• Touch • Taste• Scent• Sound• Sight

Apr 10, 2023 62

Experience


• How do some teach?– Monotone uni-directional sound– Monotone uni-directional pictures

BORING!!!

Apr 10, 2023 63

Experience


• For us to actually experience something– We need to be mentally involved

Pay attention No outside disturbances

Funny smells / extra noise are out Intellectually stimulating

Monotone sights/sounds are out

You need to make sure this occurs

Apr 10, 2023 64

Experience


• No outside disturbances

• What should you consider?

Apr 10, 2023 65

Experience

Leading and teaching• No outside disturbances• Noise/ Acoustics

– Loud fans or other noise – Cellular phones and pagers

• Lighting• Temperature• Table and seating

– Poor quality– Poor arrangement– space

Apr 10, 2023 66

Experience


• Intellectually stimulating

• What should you consider?

Apr 10, 2023 67

Experience


• Intellectually stimulating– Keeping the audience interested– Keeping the audience involved

• YOU NEED TO BE HEARD!

• All of this fits a category

‘EXCITING’

Apr 10, 2023 68

Experience


• ‘EXCITING’– Belief in your message and yourself – Make it fun

• Theatre/Run-ons Games/Songs/Skits • Humor/Magic/Stunts Prizes

– Asking the audience questions

• In general interacting with the audience

Apr 10, 2023 69

Experience


• Interaction allows:– Provides motivation/interest – Wake up / Energize participants – Break the ice – FUN! – Feedback to you!

• Learn audience needs!

Apr 10, 2023 70

Experience

Leading and teaching• Interaction allows:

– Helps the audience ‘PROCESS’

Apr 10, 2023 71

Process

Leading and teaching• For better processing:

– Presentation tools – Pattern breaks!– KIS (keep it simple)– Interact!

Apr 10, 2023 72

Process


• Know your presentation tools – Different tools for different subjects

Would you teach:– Sailing with a bike?– Math with a dictionary?

Apr 10, 2023 73

Process


• Example– Gettysburg address - IN POWERPOINT!

– (PPT version the work of Peter Norvig)– See: http://www.norvig.com/Gettysburg/making.html

Apr 10, 2023 74

Process


• What do we see?

– Different techniques needed for different subjects

Apr 10, 2023 75

Process


• Presentation tools (Related to senses)• Sight and sound tools

– Whiteboards, Posters, etc– Computer Presentations, Videos– YOUR VOICE!

• YOU NEED TO BE HEARD AND SEEN!

• Touching tools– Hands on Demonstrations!

• Smell and Taste– Hands on cooking

Apr 10, 2023 76

Process


• Presentation tools (Related to group size)• Large group

– Lecture/ Talk/ Demonstration – Question and answer sessions

• Small group– Discussion – Case study / Role playing / Simulation – Brainstorming/Buzz groups – Learning centers – Reflecting

Apr 10, 2023 77

Process


• Presentation tools (Related to use)• Problem-solving

– Brainstorming

• Reflection – Directed sequence of questions– Discussions

• Information– Lecture/Talk – Demonstration - etc

Apr 10, 2023 78

Process


• Presentation tools (Related to use)• Other ways to hold the audience

– Humor!– Errors!

• Yes, U Kan teech by maken ah mistake?

Apr 10, 2023 79

Process

Leading and teaching• KIS (keep it simple)

What more can I say?

Apr 10, 2023 80

Process

Leading and teaching• Interact!

– Lets you help the audience • Process• Generalize• Apply

Apr 10, 2023 81

Process

Apply

Generalize

Syllabus - Part II



Apr 10, 2023 82

Using your knowledge to learn

Apr 10, 2023 83

Experience

Process

Generalize

Apply

Model of David Kolb

You can now use what you have learned to improve your school work

Remember each step important for you to learn

Start with experience and go around the circle


When learning something new

Include:Many Senses and sources

Read other books for different views Use sound/vision etc as available

Don’t get distracted Focus! Block out other experiences

YOU can overcome a bad teacher!

Apr 10, 2023 84

Experience

Model of David Kolb


Apr 10, 2023 85

Experience

Process

Model of David Kolb

Your next step is to process the new information

This is where most students fail in the learning process!


Process the experience Use manageable bits

Often this means Outline the information Rewrite notes to explain the information

Others should be able to understand!This will improve your grades!

Remember to askWhat, why, when, where and how

Apr 10, 2023 86

Experience

Process


Once basic questions answered

Check fit with other knowledge

May need to reprocess

Examine implications

Typical outcome Less time studying Improved grades

Apr 10, 2023 87

Experience

Process

Generalize


Apr 10, 2023 88

Experience

Process

Generalize

Apply

Model of David Kolb

Apply your knowledge Do homework

(New experience!)

Remember Each step important

Overview and wrap up

Apr 10, 2023 89

Experience

Process

Generalize

Apply

Used learning model to examine teaching techniques

Each step important

Started with experience and went around the circle


Apr 10, 2023 90

Experience

Process

Generalize

Apply

Experience uses all senses

Presentation shouldInteract with audienceUse multiple sensesTailored to fieldTailored to audience


Apr 10, 2023 91

Experience

Process

Generalize

Apply

Process => applicationDepends on field


Apr 10, 2023 92

Experience

Process

Generalize

Apply


In general ask:WhatWhy WhereWhen HowImplications


Apr 10, 2023 93

Experience

Process

Generalize

Apply


PresentationKIS!Lead audienceAsk questionsInteract with audienceHAVE FUN!

learning, teaching and leading course june 14 1. the reason you came (ok you had to.) this planned 2...

Documents

experience slide

process slide

information slide

circle slide

rich experience

teaching leading

teaching techniques

everyday life slide