learning target: mitosis v. meiosis i can…compare and contrast key points between the process of...
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Learning Target: Mitosis v. Meiosis
I Can…Compare and contrast key points between the process of mitosis and the process of meiosis to explain why there are two processes for cellular division
I Will…• Describe the characteristics of somatic and
gamete cells• Distinguish between autosome and sex
chromosomes• List examples of when mitosis and meiosis
would occur
10.4 In sexually reproducing organisms, each offspring contains a mix of characteristics inherited from both parents.
D 36 Explain how meiosis contributes to the genetic variability of organisms.
What makes you…YOU?!!
Two major groups of cells in the body:• Somatic cells –Body cells e.g. skin cells,
bone cells, muscle cells etc…• Diploid – (2n) 2 copies of each chromosome• DNA from these cells IS NOT passed on
to offspring• Germ/Gamete cells – Located in reproductive
organs (Gonads); the ovaries and testes• Develops into gametes (sex cells) • Egg• Sperm
• Haploid – (n) 1 copy of each chromosome• DNA from these cells IS passed on to
offspring
Each species has a characteristic number of chromosomes per cell• Every body cell has an identical set of
chromosomes (DNA Replication)• Exception – mutation (change in
nucleotide sequence)• Cells are different because of different
genes are expressed NOT because of containing different genes
Species chromosome number is not related to the complexity of an organism but…• Important that the number remains
constant for reproducing• Change in number in animals is usually
harmful or fatal
Yeast 32Fruit Fly 8
Fern >1200
Human 46
46 chromosomes in 23 pairs• Half from mom ♀• Half from dad ♂Autosomes – chromosome pairs #1 – 22• Contain genes not related to sex
characteristics (gender)Chromosome pair # 23 – Sex Chromosomes• Two versions• Y – Smallest chromosome with fewest
genes• X – Larger also contains genes unrelated
to sex characteristics
• 22 pairs of autosome chromosomes• 1 pair of sex chromosomes XY = Male ♂XX = Female ♀
Homologous chromosomes – two chromosomes with same length, shape and genes (not necessarily the same version)• Alleles – different versions of gene
Mitosis • Produces 2 genetically identical cells
• Diploid (2n)• Occurs throughout lifetime• Asexual reproduction
Meiosis• Produces 4 genetically unique cells
• Haploid (n)• Occurs only when
producing egg/sperm• Sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction – Fusion of gametes• Offspring is mixture of parents’ genetics• Fertilization – nuclei of egg and sperm
fuse and form one nucleus
Reproduction
Asexual V. Sexual
Benefit:• Quick• No need to
find mate
Disadvantages:• No genetic
diversity = clone
Benefit:• Increases
genetic diversity of species
Disadvantages:• Need to find a
mate
Learning Check √ Intro to Meiosis
1. List two types of somatic cells.A. ________________B. ________________
2. List two types of gamete cells.A. ________________B. ________________
3. Explain the difference between diploid and haploid cells.