Learning Target: I can describe the United States’ actions leading up to WWI.

Learning Target: I can describe the United States’ actions in and after WWI.

A-Treaties of Mutual Protection

1-Triple Alliance

A) Austria-Hungary

B) Germany

C) Italy

2-Triple Entente

A) France

B) Great Britain

C) Russia

3-Great Britain and Belgium

4-Russia and Serbia

B-Nationalism began becoming popular in Europe

1-Serbians, Poles, Czechs, Slavs and many other nationalistic groups wanted their own

Countries

2-Many of the existing countries did not want to give up land for someone to start a new country

A-The first blow of the war is when a Serbian-Nationalist (Gavrillo Princip) assassinates Austro-Hungarian Archduke Franz Ferdinand on June 28, 1914

1-Killed in a town called Sarajevo

A) Sarajevo hosted 1984 Winter Olympics

B) Today, decimated because of a war in the 1990’s (Olympic Stadium is a cemetery today!)

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Today, The Olympic Stadium is a cemetery

B-Austria-Hungary had to do something to “punish” Serbia for killing a member of its royal family

1-Solution: Declare war on Serbia

C-“Dominoes” began falling as other nations followed the mutual defense pacts

1-Germany declares war on Serbia

2-Russia declares war on Austria-Hungary and Germany

3-Germany declares war on France and Great Britain

A-Two Sides1-Central Powers

A) Austria-HungaryB) BulgariaC) GermanyD) Ottoman Empire (Turkey)

2-AlliesA) AlbaniaB) BelgiumC) FranceD) Great BritainE) GreeceF) ItalyG) JapanH) MontenegroI) RomaniaJ) SerbiaK) Russia (1914-1917)L) United States (1917-1918)

B-At the beginning of the war, the U.S. was neutral

1-They wanted to trade with countries in the war

A) 90% if the trade was with Great Britain and France

B) 10% of the trade was with Germany

C-New Inventions: U-Boat (German submarines)

1-Germans would sneak attack ships

2-Among ships attacked were civilian cruise ships believed to be carrying weapons to

England

3-May 7, 1915: German U-boats sank British liner “Lusitania” killing 128 American who were on the ship

A) Many say this was what brought the U.S. into the war

1) THIS IS FALSE!!!! The U.S. does not enter the war for two years!

B) Germany apologized to America and stopped the sneak attacks on American

ships

D-Election of 1916

1-Woodrow Wilson promises to stay out of the war

2-Wilson is easily re-elected

E-January 17, 1917: Germany begins attacking all ships on Atlantic Ocean with U-boats, including American ships

F-Germany becomes fearful that America will enter the war against them

1-Zimmerman Note: Telegram from Germany to Mexico suggesting that Mexico join the

Central Powers

A) If Mexico joins, they should attack the U.S.

B) If Mexico joins, Germany will help Mexico get back California and other lands lost by Mexico to the U.S.

C) Mexico refuses

D) U.S. intercepted the telegram and knew of Germany’s request.

G-April 6, 1917: U.S. declares war on Germany

H-President Wilson creates Committee on Public Information

1-voluntary censorship of press during WWI

2-propaganda campaign to support the war

3-protrayed Germans as barbaric

4-encouraged reporting of suspicious activities to gov’t

I-American Protest League

1-volunteer organization that pressured support for the war

2-humiliated those who did not buy war bonds

3-persecuted those of German decent

4-encouraged banning German cultural items such as pretzels and German measles

J-Espionage and Sedition Acts1-fines and imprisonment for

A) those making false statements aiding the enemyB) hindering the draftC) inciting military rebellion

2-banned criticism of flag, gov’t or uniform3-Supreme Court said Constitutional as long as the speech presented “clear and present danger” especially in times of war

A) U.S. v. Schenck1) Schenck distributed pamphlet against draft2) Cannot “Yell Fire” in theatre

A-Americans glamorized the war

1-Songs such as “Over There” is composed by George M. Cohen

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B6hRDS3LvQQ

B-Americans are the turning force in the war

1-Germany was winning before the U.S. enters

2-Gen. John “Black Jack” Pershing leads the American army

A) Called the American Expeditionary Force

B) Americans pushed aside by the British because the British believe the Americans did not know what they were doing

C) Pershing went along with this for a while, but finally told the British to get out of our way while we fight.

C-All of American society becomes involved in the war

1-Women took over men’s jobs in factories

2-Farmers grew food for the soldiers

3-Industry: no lock-outs or strikes

4-People bought war bonds

5-Men volunteered for the military

D-Soldiers

1-Draft: Men 21 and older

A) 10 million signed up via draft or volunteered

B) by Nov. 1918, 5 million soldiers

2-Army discriminationA) African American signed up as enthusiastically as other Americans

1) 371,000 in uniform2) only a few thousand saw combat3) served in segregated units

B) Those who served in Europe saw a different world

1) Europeans treated all soldiers the same2) no segregation in European restaurants, etc.

C) Many Native American men also fought for the U.S.

1) Served in “All-Indian” unites segregated from the rest of the army

E-Russia withdraws from the war, Nov. 1917

1-Why?: Revolution taking place

F-Nov. 11, 1918: Treaty of Versailles ends WWI

A-Woodrow Wilson represents the U.S. at the Peace Conference

1-Suggests his “14 Points”A) Open agreements of peace/no reparationsB) Absolute freedom of the seasC) Removal of trade barriersD) Reduction of armsE) Adjustment of colonial claimsF) Removal of foreign Troops from Russia*G) Removal of foreign troops from Belgium

(*=accepted; #=accepted but in compromised form; others were rejected

1-Suggests his “14 Points”*H) German evacuation of France and the return of Alsace-Lorraine to France#I) Re-adjust Italy’s boarder#J) Self-determination of nationalities in Austria-Hungary#K) Removal of foreign troops from Serbia, Romania & Montenegro#L) Self-determination of nationalities in Ottoman Empire (Turkey)#M) Establishment of Poland#N) Establishment of League of Nations

(*=accepted; #=accepted but in compromised form; others were rejected

B-Results of World War I

1-Accepting the provisions listed above from Wilson’s 14 Points

2-Germany can have no military

3-Break up of Austria-Hungary

4-Formation of League of Nations

A) U.S. NEVER joins

5-Germany pays reparations

6-Formation of many new nations in EuropeA) PolandB) CzechoslovakiaC) YugoslaviaD) HungaryE) AustriaF) LithuaniaG) LatviaH) EstoniaI) FinlandJ) Iraq (British Mandate)K) Syria (French Mandate)L) Palestine (British Mandate)M) Trans-Jordan (British Mandate)

7-U.S. becomes the most powerful nation in the world

C-U.S. never ratifies Treaty of Versailles, which ends the war1-Why?

A) Republicans are angry Wilson (a Democrat) did not take any Republican Senators to peace conference

1) Led by Henry Cabot LodgeB) Republicans controlled the SenateC) Senate must approve all treaties before they can go into effect

1) Need 2/3 of senators to approve treaty (65 senators)

Map of Europe Before WWI

Map of Europe after WWI

2-Wilson goes on a cross-country trip to convince Americans to call their senators and

urge them to vote for the treaty

A) While on the trip, Wilson suffers a stroke

3-Senate never ratifies the treaty

A) Thus technically, World War I never ends for the U.S.