SUBMITTED TO:

SUBMITTED BY:

Dr.Suman Khokhar Sarishti

45

B.Ed.-C

Teaching and learning process

(LEARNING RESOURCES)

LEARNINGIt is a process of

bringing changes in

behaviour of the

learner through

experience.

It results in the

acquisition of

knowledge,skill,interest

s, attitudes etc.

RESOURCES A resource is a

source from which

benefit is

produced.

It is acquired to

accomplish activity

or to achieve

desired outcomes.

LEARNING RESOURCESLearning resources

are those devices and procedures that help to make teaching and learning more interesting, more stimulating, more reinforcing and more effective.

UTILISATION OF LEARNING RESOURCES

10.PROMOTION OF INTERNATIONAL UNDERRSTANDING

PRNCIPLES OF LEARNING RESOURCES

PRINCIPLE OF SELECTION

Appropriate and wise selection

of learning resources are

required from teachers side as

these resources are helpful for

achieving teaching objectives.

Principles that help to select

learning resources are:

I. principle of learner centredness

Learning resources

should suit:

Age

Maturity

Intellectual level

Motives

Social environment of

the learners.

II. PRINCIPLE OF INTEREST AND MOTIVATION

LEARNING

RESOURCES must be

:

Interesting

Attention catching

Motivating

for the learners for

getting fully absorbed

in learning.

III. PRINCIPLE OF EDUCATIONAL VALUE

LEARNING

RESOURCES should

recreate or provide

variety in teaching

learning situations.

They should not be

employed for the

name sake.

IV. PRINCIPLE OF REALIZATION OF OBJECTIVES

Learning resources must

be capable and

meaningful for the proper

realization of teaching

learning objectives.

V. PRINCIPLE OF SIMPLICITY

LEARNING

RESOURCES should

be simple enough so

that a student can

understand it and

enhance his learnig.

VI. PRINCIPLE OF RELEVENCY AND SUITABILITY

Relevant ,suitable

and appropriate

learning resources

makes topic easy to

understand for the

students.it servv e the

purpose of teaching

in most effective

manner.

VII. PRINCIPLE OF ACCURACY

This principle

states that learning

resources should

be accurate and

properly

maintained in order

to provide better

learning.

VIII. PRINCIPLE OF SIZE

LEARNING

RESOURCE should

be prepared

considering size of a

class.

It should serve whole

class.

It should not be too

small neither too big.

IX. PRINCIPLE OF AVAILABILITY OF RESOURCES

THINGS TO BE

CONSIDERED WHILE

SELECTING LEARNING

RESOURCES:

Financial Budget

Trained teacher

Ability and skills in a

teacher to handle aid

material.

X. PRINCIPLE OF MEANS TO AN END

LEARNING

RESOURCES are

made to help

teachers in order to

provide better

learning not to treat

end means in

themselves.

Principle of utilisationUtility decides the value of a thing

possessed by us. A teacher should

optimally utilize these resources.

Following are the principles to give

direction to a teacher:

I. PRINCIPLE OF PREPARATIONTHINGS TO BE KEPT IN MIND:

1.Awareness of the nature of learning resources.

2.Way to use it

3.Consultaion of different resources like, information bulletin, intruction book etc.

4.Check interest & attitude of the students

5.Clear objectives before teaching.

II. PRINCIPLE OF PHYSICAL CONTROL

Need of physical control is

required in order to :

1.Safe guard learning

resources.

2.Provide economy of time,

labour and money.

3.Generate and cause optimum

teaching learning conditions.

EX: PROPER

LIGHT,VENTILATION.

III. PRINCIPLE OF PROPER PRESENTATION

THINGS TO BE KEPT IN

MIND:

1.Caerfull plan and

visualization of learning

resources.

2.Techniques of the showman

3.Care for maximum

utilization

4.Minimisation of errors or no

errors.

iv. Principle of action

Teacher should instruct:

1.To remain quite alert and

attentive while listening or

observing the displayed

resources.

2.Encouragement to

respond actively

3.Utilize experiences

efficiently

V. PRINCIPLE OF APPRAISAL

EVALUATION OF MATERIAL

AIDA:

1.To what extent has it

helped the teacher in the

teaching task?

2.How much has it

contributed to make

classroom environment

healthy?

3.What are the difficulties

that were encountered by

Limitations of learning resources

APATHY OF THE

TEACHERS:

Teachers views do not

match on the concept

of teaching using

learning resources.

Teachers may feel

uncomfortable and

wastage of time and

energy for preparing

and delivering lecture

using aids.

INDIFFERENCE TO

STUDENTS:

One learning resource

may not satisfy the

curiosity of all students

ta a time.

Individual differences

are ignored using

concept of teaching with

learning resources.

INEFFECTIVENESS OF

THE AIDA:

Learning

resources may

considered as

ineffective on the

following grouds

1 money

2 time

3 evaluation

aspect

4 follow up

criteria

FINANCIAL

DIFFICULTIES:

Learning

resources looses

its value if they

differ in input and

output.

Input: finance

needed to

prepare aid

Output: results in

the form of

learning

DEPENDENCY ON

ELECTRICITY:

learning

resources like

PPT, e books

or other

computerized

material need

electricity supply

,

But in Indian

conditions it is

not favorable

everywhere

every time.

LACK OF FACILITIES IN

TRAINING :

One of the

drawback of

learning

resource is that

it lacks in

teacher training.

Even teachers

are not efficient

enough to

optimaly utilise

these resources

in effective

manner.