Learning Objects In Different Pedagogical

ParadigmsAlbert Ip

Prof. Iain Morrison

Blind men & the elephant

John Godfrey Saxe's ( 1816-1887) version of the famous Indian legend

How do we use in different learning

paradigms?Who is “we”?

“What” is used?“How” “what” is used by

“we”?

Some pedagogical paradigms

Tutorial, Drill and Practice• a tutorial environment• a testing/assessment environment

• Reuse unit:– items– tests

Case Method• A teaching case is a story describing,

or based on, actual events, that justifies careful study and analysis by students

• discussion-based and experiential

• Reuse Unit– teaching case

Goal-based learning• simulations in which there is a problem

to resolve, or a mission to complete. • require learners to assume the main

role in the resolution of the problem or the pursuit of their mission

• Reuse Unit– scenario– Supporting experience

Learning by designing• core learning activity is the design

of an artifact.• practice-based disciplines

(engineering & architecture)

• Reuse Unit– none

Web-based role-play simulation

• learners take on the role-profiles of specific characters in a contrived educational game (Linser, Naidu, & Ip, 1999)

• acquire the intended learning outcomes & make learning enjoyable

• Reuse Unit– scenario, role descriptions– resources

Distributed problem-based learning

• exemplifies authentic learning and emphasizes solving problems in rich contexts

• Reuse Unit– problems

Critical incident-based computer supported

learning• A critical incident (from the workplace) presents a learner with a learning opportunity to reflect in and on action.

• Reuse Unit– none

• learning support needed

Rule-based simulation• Microworlds, or computer

simulations of restricted environments

• Reuse Unit– agents in microworlds

Exploratory Learning• Through the process of discovery, or

guided discovery, the student learns facts, concepts, and procedures.

• Reuse Unit– resources and related metadata

description for discovering the resources

Cognitive tool• learn “with” interactive learning

tools

• Reuse unit– tools

Resource-based Learning Environment

• emphasizes a transformation of meaning through learner-centered, system-facilitated action

• Reuse unit– resources

Summary

Types of resources• specifically written up reading material• resources originally created for other

purposes• multimedia resource (content, situations

and authority)• structured resources (together with

interactivity)• special software

Learning resources

Teaching resources

Reading materials

Multimedia

InteractiveContent

News &other NEFresources Generic

rendering

Softwaretools

Specialrendering

Learn “with”computer

Learn “from”computer

Learning Objects

Resource + RenderingEmbedded

“Found”

Learning

NEF

Attaching LOM does not make a digital entity a

“learning object”!• Metadata is for “resource

discovery”• Attaching Metadata to a resource

may make the resource a “learning resource” - “found”

Rendering a digital entity does not make “learning

object”!• Rendering enables “interaction”

with a resource• Rendering may promote a

resource to an object

Educational resource may NOT be learning resource

• Teacher resource is educational resource

• Teacher resource is NOT learning resource

Learn

fromwithvia

Computer

Learning objects

Software tools

Communication(peer learners)

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John Godfrey Saxe's ( 1816-1887) version of the famous Indian legend