learning objectives a. that bleeding can be external and internal b. how to treat minor cuts,...
TRANSCRIPT
Learning objectives
a. that bleeding can be external and internal
b. how to treat minor cuts, scratches and grazes
c. how to treat severe bleeding
d. how to avoid cross infection
e. how to recognise and treat clinical shock.
You will learn:
If someone is losing a lot of blood, you need to act.
Blood carries oxygen to every body part – without it the body dies.
Adults each have about 6 litres of blood. If an adult loses more than 1.5 litres, his or her life is in danger.
Children have much less blood, so it’s even more important to act quickly.
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a. that bleeding can be external and internal
It’s easy to spot external bleeding – blood coming out of the body…
But sometimes the bleeding is internal – it happens inside the body where you can’t see it.
What can cause external or internal bleeding?
> check your ideas with the list on the next slide
a. that bleeding can be external and internal
> sharp object like a knife, a spike or broken glass
> impact, such as falling off a bike or ladder - or getting hit by a car
> a hard blow, such as a punch or kick
> getting bitten (by a dog - or even a person!)
If you can’t see any blood, the casualty could be bleeding internally…
a. that bleeding can be external and internal
How to spot internal bleeding
cold, clammy skin
confusion
fast, shallow breathing
bruising
a. that bleeding can be external and internal
b. how to treat minor cuts, scratches and grazes
Small cuts, scratches or grazes are easy to treat…
> clean the wound gently under running water
> pat the wound dry
> cover it with a gauze pad or a plaster.
But what if the bleeding just won’t stop?
What if it’s a big bleed?
Answers on the next slide…
When you can see a lot of blood, you have to act fast…
How do you treat a big bleed?
To answer this question…
> watch the video clip.
c. how to treat severe bleeding
How do you treat a big bleed?
1. press on the wound
2. raise the wound above heart level
3. bandage the wound
4. call 999 for an ambulance.
c. how to treat severe bleeding
What if something is stuck in the wound?
Leave it there, it’s helping to plug the hole. Press and bandage around the object, but make sure you don’t press on the object itself.
How can I check if the bandage is too tight?
Press the injured person’s fingernail. If colour doesn’t come back into the nail straight away, make your bandage looser.
What can I use to press on the wound?
A clean pad, or a piece of non-fluffy fabric, such as a clean tea towel. If you don’t have anything else, use your hand.
c. how to treat severe bleeding
Where do the red words belong?
pad injured plug wound non-fluffy Leave tight bandage looser press injured nail colour
“I dropped a glass and cut my arm really badly clearing it up. There was so much blood! It was all over the kitchen floor. I started to panic, but my girlfriend was there and she knew what to do…”
c. how to treat severe bleeding
Do you know how to treat a deep wound to the arm? Put the pictures in the right order…
The right order is:Click for answers
c. how to treat severe bleeding
H D B G E A C F
c. how to treat severe bleeding
“My girlfriend talked to me quietly, reassuring me. She got me to sit down and stay calm. I took over pressing the pad on the wound while she sorted out the bandage. I was so glad she was there. She really came through for me.”
Nosebleeds are usually easy to treat…
... but if the bleeding goes on for more than 30 minutes, the casualty will need to go to hospital.
c. how to treat severe bleeding
d. how to avoid cross infection
> wear disposable gloves
> put clean plastic bags over your hands if you don’t have gloves
> ask the injured person to press on their own wound
> use a clean pad to cover the wound
> wash your hands well after you’ve finished.
Blood can carry diseases. If you have a cut on your hand and it comes into contact with someone else’s blood, you could get infected. It’s a good idea to:
If you lose too much blood, you go into shock. This is not the kind of shock you get at a sudden surprise. This is clinical shock, where your body starts to shut down…
Vital organs like the heart, lungs and brain cannot get enough oxygen from the blood that is left. They start to pack up.
You have to act fast. Left untreated, shock can kill.
e. how to recognise and treat clinical shock.
how to spot shock
pale, cold clammy skin
fast, shallow breathing
restlessness
blueness around lips or ear lobesfeels weak
and dizzy
thirst
feels like throwing up
e. how to recognise and treat clinical shock.
Internal bleeding can also lead to shock. Both problems are caused by a lack of blood flowing to the vital organs. So you deal with both problems in the same way…
e. how to recognise and treat clinical shock.
> treat any big bleeds
> help casualty to lie down
> raise casualty’s legs above heart level, so the blood runs to the vital organs where it is most needed
> loosen casualty’s clothing
> call 999 for an ambulance
> keep casualty warm – lie them on a blanket or coat and cover them with another one
> do not let casualty eat, drink or smoke.
e. how to recognise and treat clinical shock.
Activity notes
I’ll keep talking to her and checkingher breathing untilthe ambulance comes.
Plenary
Big bleed
> press on the wound
> raise it above heart level
> bandage the wound.
Shock
> lie casualty down
> raise casualty’s feet above heart level
> keep casualty warm.
Call 999 as soon as you can
You’ve now completed Bleeding and shock.
Test your knowledge in our interactive quiz or find out more with one of these activities…
Find out more
Interactive quiz
Design a poster about nosebleeds using pictures from this lesson
Read a case study and answer some questions
Write your own first aid leaflet using pictures from this lesson
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> Work in threes to act out an emergency situation. > In your groups of three decide who will be: the casualty of an accident who has a deep cut to the left arm the role of first aider the operator at ambulance control
> What questions would the operator ask the first aider? e.g. “Can you see anything inside the wound?”. > What advice would the operator give? e.g. “Press on the wound and raise the arm above heart level.” > When the wound has been treated, the casualty goes into shock. > What would the first aider see and describe? What would the operator advise them to do?
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