learning languages
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Learning languages. *A bilingual person is anyone who has a minimal competence in another language which is not the mother tongue. What does being bilingual mean?. *An individual phenomenon which can extend from a minimal scope to a total comprehension of a language. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Learning languages
What does being bilingual mean?
*A bilingual person is anyone who has a minimal competence in
another language which is not the mother tongue
*An individual phenomenon which can extend from a minimal scope
to a total comprehension of a language
Demistifying old myths regarding bilingualism
Bilingualism comprises multilinguism (contact with more than two languages)
Present everyday
Enriching: It gives a relativist view of languages and cultures
Constantly changing as a consequence of cultural, political, migratory movement
Sociolinguistic aspects which determine the use of a language
Economic factors determine the use of a language
Feelings and attitudes towards the use of the mother tongue or the foreign language. Does it help the person to make progress?
Government´s decision to consider a language as official
Types of bilinguism Individual: Essential mode but needs to reach the other
types to be socially relevant Institutional: development of bilinguism in the primary,
secondary and college stages Functional: Spontaneous linguistic uses in social and
economic relationships in the communities
According to a binary typology1. BY CHOICE VS BY CIRCUMSTANCE
2. ADDITIVE VS SUBTRACTIVE
3. ACTIVE VS PASSIVE
4. COORDINATED VS COMPOUND
BY CHOICE + ADDITIVE1. PEOPLE CHOOSE TO BECOME BILINGUAL
BY TAKING FORMAL PRIVATE LESSONS.2. IN THEIR SOCIETY THE MAJORITY SPEAKS
THEIR MOTHER TONGUE.3. THEY CAN ADD ANOTHER LANGUAGE TO
THEIR GENERAL LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE
BY CIRCUMSTANCE AND SUBTRACTIVE1. PEOPLE HAVE TO LEARN THE LANGUAGE
TO SURVIVE.2. THEIR MOTHER TONGUE IS NOT ENOUGH TO
MEET THE COMMUNICATIVE NEEDS, IT IS NOT OFFICIAL OR PRESTIGIOUS.
3. THE ACQUISITION OF THIS SECOND LANGUAGEIMPLIES THE LOSS OF THE MOTHER TONGUE
ACTIVE*THE PERSON CAN UNDERSTAND
AS WELL AS EXPRESS HIM/HERSELF
PASSIVE*THE PERSON CAN UNDERSTAND
BUT CAN´T EXPRESS HIM/HERSELF
COORDINATED BILINGUISM*THE PERSON HAS TWO DIFFERENT
LINGUISTIC SYSTEMS SEPARATED IN THEIR MIND.
*USUALLY LANGUAGES ARE LEARNTIN DIFFERENT STAGES
COMPOUND BILINGUISM*THE PERSON IS REALLY COMPETENT
IN BOTH LANGUAGES AND THE COMMUNICATIVE SITUATIONS ALLOW
THEM TO USE ONE OR THE OTHERINDISTINCTLY
*THEY TEND TO BE FLUENT IN BOTH LANGUAGES BUT BECAUSE THE LEARNING
PROCESS WAS MIXED AND CONFUSINGTHEY CAN´T HANDLE EITHER OF THEM
DEEPLY
OTHER IMPORTANT BYNARY DIFFERENCES5. EARLY VS LATE6.SIMULTANEOUS VS CONSECUTIVE7.BY CIRCUMNSTANCE INCIPIENT VS FUNCTIONAL8.HORIZONTAL VS VERTICAL VS DIAGONAL
EARLY*LANGUAGES ARE BOTH ACQUIRED
DURING CHILDHOOD AND THE PEOPLEHAVE ONLY ONE BRAIN REGION, CALLED
BROCCA AREA CONNECTED WITH THEBASIC LINGUISTIC FUNCTIONS
LATE*THE PEOPLE LEARNED THEIR NATIVE
LANGUAGE WHEN THEY WERE CHILDREN AND LEARNED A SECOND
LANGUAGE WHEN THEY WERE ADULTSTHERE ARE TWO DIFFERENT BRAIN
AREAS WITH A CLEAR CUT BETWEEN THEM
SIMULTANEOUS*CHILDREN WHO DEVELOP TWO
LANGUAGES SINCE THEY ARE VERY LITTLEIN AN INFORMAL AND UNINTENTIONAL
WAY.
CONSECUTIVE*THE CHILD ACQUIRES THE SECONDLANGUAGE IN HIS CHILDHOOD BUT
AFTER HE HAS ACQUIRED THE LINGUISTICBASES OF HIS MOTHER TONGUE.
INCIPIENT*THE PERIOD DURING WHICH A PERSON
ACUIRES THE NEW LANGUAGE.
INCIPIENT*THIS IS THE STAGE WHEN THE LANGUAGE
HAS BEEN ACQUIRED AND THERE MIGHTBE MANY FOSSILIZED ELEMENTS
OR A KIND OF DIALECT
HORIZONTAL*WHEN THERE ARE
TWO OFFICIAL LANGUAGES WITH THE SAME
CULTURAL AND FAMILYSTATUS
VERTICAL* IMPLIES THE USE OF AN OFFICIAL LANGUAGE AND
A DIALECT.
DIAGONAL*INVOLVES THE USE OF A
DIALECT OR NON-OFFICIAL LANGUAGE TOGETHER WITH AN
OFFICIAL ONE.
VS
MULTICULTURALITY
SOCIAL PHENOMENON
REFERS TO THE EXISTENCEOF MANY CULTURES IN A
GEOPOLITICAL SPACE
MULTICULTURALISM:INITIATES INTERRELATION, EXCHANGEAND FOSTERS ACKNLODGEMENT OFTHE EXISTENCE OF “THE OTHERS”
TRANSCULTURALISM IS THE COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH
TOWARDS “THE OTHER”
MULTICULTURAL BILINGUAL EDUCATION FOSTERS SOCIO-CULTURAL DIVERSITY AND THE
PROCESS THROUGH WHICH WE BUILDOUR IDENTITY IN A RESPECTFUL AND TOLERANT WAY