learning english through science - eunice's paladium presentation
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- 1. Palladium
You probably havent heard of it before - 2. Palladium is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Pd
and an atomic number of 46. It is a rare and lustrous silvery-white
metal and was discovered by William Hyde Wollaston in
1803.
- 3. The largest PGM deposits are found primarily in:
Russia (43%) where almost of all the countrys palladium is produced by Norilsk Nickel as a by-product from nickel mining; - 4. South Africa (41%) the worlds largest producing region for
platinum, where palladium is produced as a by-product;
- 5. And north America (11%) where North American Palladium is
one of only two primary palladium producers.
- 6.
- 7. Price of PalladiumPalladium is mainly an industrial metal
although it is considered as a precious metal. Palladium prices are
mostly responsive to economic supply and demand factors as other
non-precious metals.
- 8. Uses of Palladium
- 9. Palladium alloy for use in jewellery. White gold is an alloy
of gold decolourised by the addition of palladium
- 10. Auto-exhaust catalyst
- 11. finely divided palladium is a good catalyst for
hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions
- 12. used to make electrical contacts
- 13. denture
- 14. used in fine instruments such as watches and some surgical
instruments
- 15. Extraction of PalladiumThe extraction is complex and only
worthwhile since palladium is the basis of important catalysts in
industry.
- 16. Step 1Preliminary treatment of the ore or base metal by
product with aqua regia (a mixture of hydrochloric acid, HCl, and
nitric acid, HNO3This gives a solution containing complexes of gold
and platinum as well as H2PdCl4Pd+HCL+HNO3=H2PdCl4
- 17. Step 2The gold is removed from this solution as a
precipitate by treatment with iron chloride (FeCl2).
- 18. Step 3The platinum is precipitated out as (NH4)2PtCl6 on
treatment with NH4Cl, leaving H2PdCl4 in solution
- 19. Step 4The palladium is precipitated out by treatment with
ammonium hydroxide, NH4OH, and HCl as the complex PdCl2(NH3)2. This
yields palladium metal by burning. This is the extraction of
Palladium.
- 20. Additionally, Palladium is also produced in nuclear fission
reactors and can be extracted from spent nuclear fuel (see
synthesis of precious metals) though the quantity produced is
insignificant.
- 21. Impact of PalladiumHealth effects of palladium Palladium is
regarded as of low toxicity, being poorly adsorbed by the body when
ingested.
- 22. Environmental effects of palladiumPalladium is present at
low levels in some soils, and the leaves of trees have been found
to containg 0.4 ppm.
- 23. And Palladium is also beneficialfor environment when its
used in auto-exhaust catalyst, it related to reduced vehicle
exhaust to reducing environmental pollution .
- 24. All in all, along with the social development, Palladium is
having a lot of applications and becoming increasingly important in
our life.
- 25.
Bibliographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palladium#Catalysishttp://chemistry.about.com/od/elementfacts/a/palladium.htmhttp://www.palladiumcoins.com/uses.htmlhttp://www.unctad.org/infocomm/anglais/palladium/uses.htmhttp://www.webelements.com/palladium/http://www.precious-metal.net/palladium/http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/pd.htm
- 26. Thanks for watching!!!