learning disabilities (cognitive)
DESCRIPTION
Students with different learning difficulties and how to accommodate them within the classrooms.TRANSCRIPT
Exceptionalities
Cognitive:
Learning Disabilities, Intellectual Disabilities and Gifted/ Talented
Course: Special Needs
Group: 3D
Lecturer: Miss Harris
Group One members:
Karen Powell- Llyod- SJ12 6788
Shanice Moodie- SJ12 6782
Monique Royal- SJ12 6790
Alesha Nelson- SJ12 6785
Nateenia Roye- SJ11 6662
Shakira Marshall- SJ12 6774
WHAT IS LEARNING DISABILITIES?
Learning disabilities (LDs) are limitations or group of
disorders that affect the brain's ability to receive, process, store,
respond to and communicate information. They are not the same as
intellectual disabilities/ mental retardation, sensory impairments
(vision or hearing) or autism spectrum disorders. (Inc, 2014)
LEARNING DISABILITIES (LD)
Children with LD are of average or above-average
intelligence but still struggle to acquire skills that impact their
performance in school, at home, in the community and in the
workplace. Learning disabilities are lifelong, and the sooner they are
recognized and identified, the sooner steps can be taken to
overcome the challenges they present.
Learning Disabilities Terminology
DisabilityArea of
difficultySymptoms include
trouble withExamples
Dyslexia Processing language
Reading
Writing
Spelling
Confusing letter names and sounds, difficulties blending sounds into words, slow rate
of reading, trouble remembering after reading
text
Dyscalculia Math skills
Computation
Remembering math facts
Concepts of time and money
Difficulty learning to count by 2s, 3s, 4s, poor mental math skills, problems with spatial
directions
Dysgraphia Written expression
Handwriting
Spelling
Composition
Illegible handwriting, difficulty organizing ideas for
writing
Dyspraxia Fine motor skillsCoordination
Manual dexterity
Trouble with scissors, buttons, drawing
CHARACTERISTICS OF STUDENTS WITH LEARNING DISABILITIES
The hallmark sign of a learning disability is a distinct and
unexplained gap between a person's level of expected achievement
and their performance. Learning disabilities affect every person
differently and they present differently at various stages of
development. LDs can range from mild to severe and it is not
uncommon for people to have more than one learning disability.
CHARACTERISTICS OF STUDENTS WITH LEARNING DISABILITIES
Some common signs of LDs are:
difficulties with concentration
memory problem
delayed speech
pronunciation problems
difficulty learning new words
difficulty learning to read
trouble learning numbers, the alphabet etc.
difficulty following directions
INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES
Intellectual disability (ID), which was once called mental
retardation, is characterized by mental ability and a lack of skills
necessary for day to day living. People with ID can, and may be
able to learn new skills, but they learn them more slowly. However
there are varying degrees of ID, from mild to profound.
TYPES OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES
Intellectual functioning
This is also know as IQ (Intelligence Quotient) that refers too a
person’s ability to learn, reason, make decision and solve problems.
Adaptive behaviours
Skills necessary for day- to- day life, such as being able to
communicate effectively, interact with others and take care of oneself.
DeNoon, D. J. (2005-2014)
CHARACTERISTICS OF STUDENTS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES
Less-than-average I.Q.
Underdeveloped speech and language skills
Poor: memory, attention, perception, imagination, thinking,
computing and concentration
Lag significantly in grade- level
GIFTED/ TALENTED
Gifted and talented children are those students with
outstanding abilities, identified at preschool, elementary and
secondary levels. These students are capable of high performance
when compared to others of similar age, experience and
environment. (Dixon)
CHARACTERISTICS OF STUDENTS WHO ARE GIFTED/ TALENTED
Students where are considered gifted or talented have:
An excellent memory
Able to comprehend subject matter at advance level
Rapid learning ability
Uses previously learned things in new contexts
Very responsible; can be counted on
Tends to question authority
ACCOMMODATIONS AND MODIFICATIONS OF LDS IN THE CLASSROOM
Teachers can accommodate students with learning disabilities, intellectual
disabilities and students who are gifted/ talented by:
Plan a special or an extra lesson plan for students with such disabilities.
Grouping students (student with different capability)
Appointing students with position or responsibilities to occupy their time (gifted
students).
Ensuring that the classroom environment is conducive to the students’ learning
and is child friendly.
(Washington, 2012)
ACCOMMODATIONS AND MODIFICATIONS OF LDS IN THE
CLASSROOM
Planning the lesson in a more accessible way to suite all students including
those with such disabilities.
Using more than one way to demonstrate or explain information/ the lesson,
Keeping instructions brief and uncomplicated ( repeat them word for word).
Allow time for clarification or direction and essential information.
Break assignments into segments of shorter tasks.
(Washington, 2012)
REFERENCES
Inc, N. C. (2014). What are Learning Disabilities? Retrieved September 30, 2014, from National Center for Learning
Disabilities: http://ncld.org/types-learning-disabilities/what -is-ld/what-are-learning-disabilities
DeNoon, D. J. (2005-2014). Intellectual disability (Mental Retardation). Retrieved 30 September, 2014, from WebMB:
http: //www.webmb.com/children/intellectual-disability-mental-retardation
Washington,U.O. (2012). Achieving equal access through accommodations and universal design. Retrieved September
30, 2014,From Academic Accommodations for Students with Learning Disabilities:
http//www.washington.edu/doit/Brochures/Academics/accomm_ld.html