learning disabilities. agenda definition eligibility requirements characteristics accommodations
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Definition• Specific Learning Disability = a disorder in 1 or
more of the basic psychological processes– academic areas learning disabilities can affect;
• Oral expression• Listening comprehension• Written expression• Word recognition• Reading comprehension• Math calculations and reasoning
Definition• Specific Learning Disability = a disorder in 1 or
more of the basic psychological processes
– Other specific areas that L.D. can affect are;• Metacognitive abilities
• Social-Emotional abilities
• Memory
• Attention and cause hyperactivity
Eligibility Requirements
• Ways in which students become eligible to receive Special Education services ;
– Scores show to be “at-risk” for academic failure
– Failed to respond to high-quality academic instruction in the general setting
– Failed to respond to multi-tier interventions
– a discrepancy between IQ and academic achievement
Eligibility Requirements• The Special Education Process Guide for South
Carolina states recommends a two-pronged test for eligibility;
(1) Does the child have a disability?
(2) If so, does the child have a need for special education and related services. (pg 26)
Characteristics• Unexpected
underachievement
• Inability to generalize
• Immature
• Hyperactive
• Impulsive
• Disorganized
• Unmotivated
• Dependent
• Poor Meta-cognitive skills
• Poor Self-Monitoring Skills
• Poor Memory
Characteristics-Input• Difficulty with:
– discriminating sounds.
– understanding grammar.
– discriminating letters and words.
– organizing learned skills.
Characteristics- Processing
• Difficulty with:
– abstract reasoning.
– problem solving.
– Long-term & short-term memory.
– working memory.
– understanding information while processing additional information.
Characteristics- Output• Difficulty with:
– generalizing learned information to other situations.
– recognizing and discriminating previously learned information.
– identifying and performing everyday classroom tasks.
Accommodations-Some Examples
• Presentation: –Provide in large print
–Reduce number of items per page
–Present instructions orally
Accommodations-Some Examples
• Response: –Allow for verbal responses
–Allow for answers to be dictated to a scribe
–Permit responses to be given via computer
Accommodations-Some Examples
• Timing: – Allow frequent breaks – Extend allotted time for a test
• Test Scheduling – Administer a test in several timed sessions– Allow subtests to be taken in a different order – Administer a test at a specific time of day
Accommodations-Some Examples
• Setting: – Provide preferential seating – Provide a space with minimal distractions – Administer a test in small group setting – Administer a test in alternative test site
• Other – Provide special test preparation – Provide on-task/focusing prompts – Provide any reasonable accommodation that a student
needs
Accommodations-In Action!
• Key Words! In the IEP
– “Based on the student’s disability, describe accommodations needed to participate and progress in the general curriculum;”
Accommodations-In Action!
• “Due to AW’s orthopedic disability, the following accommodations will allow for the student to participate in the general education setting;
– AW uses a computer with assistive technology to write and a portable communication device for verbal communication.
– A scribe is needed for AW to take notes in all subject areas.
– Verbal prompting to help her remain on task.”
Accommodations-In Action!
• “Due to DF’s disability in the areas of behavior, the following accommodations will allow for the student to participate in the general education setting;
-Allowed to use the resource room, guidance counselor, or administrator as a safe place to de-escalate when upset.
-Use of behavior plan in general education setting
-Seating near teacher but with personal space from peers.”
Accommodations-In Action!
• “Due to WG’s disability in the areas of writing, the following accommodations will allow for the student to participate in the general education setting;
-Should be given a choice of writing an assignment or using his tablet/word processor
-Short answers and essay questions on tests can be dictated
-Notes, PowerPoint, study guides, homework and classwork assignments should be posted on a website or Google doc”
Accommodations-In Action!• “Due to EP’s disability in the areas of reading, writing, and math, the
following accommodations will allow for the student to participate in the general education setting;
-Oral administration on assessments above EP’s instructional reading level
-Small group testing of assessments over 10 questions to minimize distractions
-Copy of notes (either electronic or hard copy)
-Extended time to complete classwork assignments not finished in class
-Use of a calculator on classwork and assessments on math problems above Evan's instructional level.”
All These People with A Specific Learning Disability!
Do you think they let their disability stop them?Thank Goodness it didn’t!